Radiation Blackbody yayo

Ku ngokuba umzimba womntu omnyama hlobo kuba lubamba ziyakweyela phezu kwakhe (okanye mandithi it) radiation kwi spectrum ebonakalayo nangaphezulu. Kodwa ukuba umzimba ngumsindo, amandla Kumana ekhutshwa-umva. Le radiation kudluliselwa umzimba womntu omnyama, akukho umdla ethile. Imizamo yokuqala ukufunda iimpawu zayo ziye yenziwa phambi ukuvela imodeli ngokwayo.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, Dzhon Lesli bazama izinto ezahlukeneyo. Kwathi kanti, umle abamnyama nje ngokubamba zonke kwisehlo ukukhanya kwayo ebonakalayo. Yena yemisebe kuluhlu infrared lomelele ngakumbi kwezinye, izinto lula. Yaba yemisebe ubushushu eyahlukileyo kuzo zonke ezinye iintlobo iipropati ezininzi. I-radiation blackbody lizama, eyohlobo olulodwa, akukho transfer amandla kwaye kuxhomekeke iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni. Kubushushu sezingeni eliphezulu yenjongosenzi yemisebe thermal obonakalayo, yaye ngoko naliphi na iqumrhu kubandakanywa blackbody uzuza umbala.

Le into eyodwa apho likhupha kuphela ethile uhlobo lwamandla, ayikwazanga asilele ukutsala ingqalelo. Ekubeni sithetha radiation thermal, iifomyula yokuqala kunye neengcamango malunga nendlela spectrum kufuneka ukufana, kuye olucetywayo kwisakhelo obizwa. obizwa Classical owayenokugqiba oko kwamaza kufuneka ibe ubuninzi radiation kubushushu elinikiweyo, apho zokwalatha kangakanani uya uzakuhamba ukufudumeza nokupholisa. Noko ke, ayikwazanga ukuqikelela ukuba nokwabiwa samandla lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba a blackbody kuwo onke amabanga, yaye ngokukodwa, kuluhlu yelanga.

Ngokutsho iingqiqo obizwa yamandulo, amandla ukhutshwe yi na izahlulo, kubandakanywa njengoko anjalo omncinane, wanjalo oyifunayo. Kodwa umzimba omnyama uza kukhupha kwi kwamaza elifutshane, amandla amanye amasuntswana zayo kufuneka ibe nkulu kakhulu, yaye oko bekuya beye Infinity entsimini kwamaza ultra-mfutshane. Ngokwenyani oku akunakwenzeka, kwakukho Infinity kwi zibalo kwaye sibizwa ntlekele yelanga. theory Planck kuphela ukuba amandla nga ukhutshiwe iinxalenye obubobu - ufaka - kwanceda ekusombululeni ubunzima. Namhlanje obizwa zibalo kukho iimeko ezikhethekileyo quadratic physics quantum.

Ekuqaleni umzimba emnyama emelwe njenge Faka indawo emxinwa. Imitha ngaphandle ungena umngxuma yaye wendele ngasezindongeni. Ngomhla lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba kwimitha, ekufuneka ukuba umzimba womntu omnyama, kulo mzekelo, efanayo ukukhutshwa spectrum yomnyango mqolomba, umngxuma kakuhle, i window kwigumbi elimnyama phezu ilanga, njalo-njalo Kodwa ke uninzi onke kunye naye spectra efanayo cosmic microwave yangasemva radiation wendalo kunye neenkwenkwezi, kuquka ilanga.

Kukhuselekile ukuthi ngakumbi into ethile amasuntswana ukuba amandla ezahlukeneyo, kokukhona kuya kufana radiation blackbody. amandla distribution curve kwi lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba a blackbody ibonakalisa regularities manani kwinkqubo bamasuntswana, kunye kuphela umahluko ukuba amandla ezidluliselwa impefumlelwano ekhethekileyo.