Restaurants - yintoni na le nto? Imbali neendidi zokutyela

Xa igama elithi "restaurant" ingqalelo abantu abaninzi isondela khulu ezihonjiswe egumbini ezinamagama menu ncwadi, ekukhonzeni, nempahla zicocekile ekhululekile kwaye esimnandi, kodwa ukutya eninzi. Okunye Impendulo elula - kuba yindawo apho bangayidlayo. Yintoni na ukuba imela kota?

Intsingiselo nemvelaphi igama

Esi sichazi-magama ithi zokudlela - le nkampani okutya, apho, njengokuba umthetho, kukho umculo pop (umculo live) kunye nezinye zokuzonwabisa. Zisebenza becala ngokuhlwa kunye nasebusuku. Kwindawo enjalo uyakwazi ukungcamla izitya kuphela kunye neziselo - iyabiza, kodwa umgangatho. Kwakhona ibonisa ukuba yokudlela Qiniseka ukunikeza uluhlu elikhulu indalo okupheka elicwangcisiweyo futhi zibekwe.

Lisuka yokutyela French, bona bubonakala "ukunciphisa", "ukuqinisa". Okokuqala ezazisetyenziswa ngayo kwinkulungwane XVIII, xa kunjalo, wabiza omnye zokutyela eParis. Igama leziko wanika iindwendwe ngokungathi ukubonga kumnini Boulanger, ngubani laqalisa umhluzi menu kwezondlo. Usomashishini ayithethi nje apha uluhlu lesuphu, kukwayinto entle ngumqondiso axhonywe emnyango, apho into efana ebhalwe "Yizani kum, yaye ndiya kukubuyisa kuwe."

History of imbonakalo: kwakukho yokutyela yokuqala apho, kunye nokuphuhlisa njani le shishini?

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, zentselo kunye zokutyela athandwa kakhulu, kodwa ke kuphela phakathi abakhenkethi: bomthonyama babecinga ukuba inkunkuma lungafikeleleki nje kwaye okungeyomfuneko imali.

Le yokutyela indala yaseYurophu ise e Madrid - "Sobrino de Botin." Kuye kwavulwa 1725, kodwa eyahlukileyo kancinane ukusuka yanamhlanje. Restaurants - oku ngoku amaziko anjalo, ezilungiselela kunye izidlo kunye nesiko asebenza ishedyuli ethile. Kuba okokuqala kwiziko efanayo wabonakala kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Le akhula kweli shishini yokutyela UMnu Beauvilliers. Iziko yasekwa ngo-1782 phantsi kwegama "Grand Taverne de Londra".

Kodwa ayitsho ukuba uluntu ngo-1725, "Sobrino de Botin" - yokutyela endala. Endala, okanye kunoko, ilungu lokuqala eli sebe yavulwa emva ngo-1153 ngokuthi "Bukit Chicken House." Le ise kwisixeko yaseTshayina ka Kaifeng. Kufuneka omnye okunika umdla? Le restaurant ivuliwe kwaye namhlanje uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-860!

Ishishini yokutyela Russian weza kuthelekiswa kutshanje, ekuqalekeni kwenkulungwane XIX. bafumanisa Ekuqaleni olu hlobo yeziko kuphela kwiihotele. waqala ukusebenza yiweyitala, Owawuthiwe wambu kakuhle kwaye ucocekile kuqala, inkqubo ukuzonwabisa umbutho kwasekwa ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiimenyu kwaye ekucebiseni komphefumlo: ke yokutyela yokuqala "Slavic Bazaar", yahlukile kwezinye zokutya bonke yavulwa eMoscow. Ngoko ke, kancinane zokutyela kancinane 'omtsha' evela St. Petersburg kunye ikomkhulu zokudlela "omdala". Kodwa nantsi into inqaku umdla: yaba zokutya obuphezulu ngubani na nantoni na ngaphandle Russian. Isikakhulu abanikazi amaJamani kunye isiFrentshi.

Waza waqala ke revolution, yaye xa phezu, uninzi zokutyela zivaliwe ezibhalwe "ukuhlangabezana neemfuneko." Kodwa emva 1950 kwabakho imvuselelo lwabo eRashiya. Nokuba perestroika kwaye ngokuwa Union akazange abe nempembelelo ngxelo imbi ishishini yokutyela, kwelinye icala, izikolo ngakumbi nangakumbi zabucala yaqala ukubonakala.

It kancane kancane zokutyela. Oku ngu kwiindawo ezikude, enokuthi yohluke kakhulu enye kwenye zombini kwi menu ecetywayo, kunye nendlela ubuchule bokulungelelanisa.

Ngaba sengqondo kule restaurateur sifundo?

Igama livela i restaurateur French kwaye bubonakala "umnini, umnini yokutyela." Kwaye ke kukho umntu womnatha ngokuyimfuneko ezithuba, ubuncinane omnye. Ngamafutshane, oko usomashishini osakhasayo ophuhlisa ingqiqo yokutyela, kwaye i iprojekthi imali yabo.

Ngokufuthi, a restaurateur kunye kumpheki, okanye ukuthatha zonke imisebenzi: accounting, nesevisi yabaxumi, nayo yonke enye into. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha vice versa, xa uqasha umphathi, belinde imisebenzi zokutyela omnye okanye ngaphezulu, kumpheki kunye neqela, Shicilela, ezimali, abacoci kunye njengesicocisi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mpumelelo ibalulekileyo kumpheki kunye yokutyela ngokubanzi - yokwamkela iinkwenkwezi Red Michelin. Kucingwa kwisihloko ophambili kakhulu. EYurophu, ngokungafaniyo eRashiya, ngumsebenzi oqeqeshiweyo.

Iintlobo zokutyela: ntoni na ke?

Ngoku ezininzi zokutya: zokutyela utywala, pubs, cafes eqhelekileyo nobugcisa, iivenkile zokutyela, nemivalo, imivalo pfumerile, njalo-njalo. Kodwa kukho kudidi eqhelekileyo zamazwe ngamazwe wohlula amaziko kuxhomekeke babecinga njani kakuhle ngaphandle menu, design, impahla abasebenzi kunye ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo.

Classification iindwendwe:

1. "Lux". Le zokutyela kakhulu eninzi kunye nendlela, ngokuyimfuneko onengubo lounge cocktail ngesibonda kunye isidlo igumbi. elingaphakathi style kufuneka zihambelane ngokupheleleyo kunye negama leziko. Njengoko umthetho, ukwakhiwa kwezibonelelo ezinjalo abayili abangene kunye nabayili. Ukusebenza kwindawo yokutyela iingcali abaqeqeshwe kakhulu nje, zakha isampuli enye. Kwakhona zikarhulumente zinesitafu noxanduva zokwenza imisebenzi yolonwabo. Bona baxhotyiswa kwakunye neevenkile apho unako ukuthenga iintyatyambo okanye zezikhumbozo. Kule menu, ubuncinane isiqingatha ibanga - amakhono.
2. Ephezulu. Ingaphakathi yokuqala, ukhetho kweenkonzo, uluhlu olubanzi izitya kunye nenkqubo zokuzonwabisa ngokuhlwa.
3. ibanga lokuqala - angaphakathi iyavisisana kungekho frills, ubuncinane ezinye iinkonzo kubathengi, yaye ukhetho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izitya.

"Inkwenkwezi" yokutyela:

• 1 inkwenkwezi (Class 4) - kufuneka zangasese, amalaphu phezu kwetafile, isixhobo kunye nokuzifudumeza, ikhitshi kunye efrijini kunye namanzi eyahlukileyo ukusuka kwiholo nge-24 ngumthengi 1 umsebenzi.
• iinkwenkwezi 2 (Grade 3) - onke amabango ukuba kwiklasi yesi-4, umsebenzi 1 kuphela iindwendwe 20. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa izixhobo nezitya.
• 3 star (udidi 2) - zonke ezi mfuno zilapha ngasentla + 1 umxhasi ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 1.5 m². Omnye umntu osebenza abantu abali-15.
• iinkwenkwezi 4 (udidi 1) - menu ezifumaneka ngeelwimi-2 okanye ngaphezulu, isithuba esingenamntu ngaphezu iklasi 2, umlungiseleli kunye nomphathi - zonke iindwendwe-5.
• iinkwenkwezi 5 (iklasi ephezulu) - zonke iimfuno ezichazwe ngaphambili, kwakunye ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ifenitshala obutofotofo eyenziwe ngomthi anqabileyo. iindwendwe-5 umlungiseleli yokutyela kunye nomncedisi wakhe.

Nangamanani:

• Economy - 500-600 engange.
• Business - 1500-2000 engange, kufuneka ibe umculo live, le menu uquka iqela Cuisine abasuka kumazwe awahlukeneyo.
• Iklasi yokuqala okanye Club - ukususela 1000 kowethu, nkonzo kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukhonza ukutya umgangatho ophezulu, uluhlu iwayini.

Ngokutsho kubuchwepheshe:

• izitya ezineenkcukacha iwayini elungileyo - ezizwe.
• Casual (okwethutyana) - akukho menu frills, uluhlu iwayini, isidlo iimveliso semi-agqitywa, bayilungisa ngaphambili.
• Bar (pub, yentselo) - ukhetho encinane izitya zilula ukulungiselela, self-nkonzo.
• inkonzo Quick - bakhonza izidlo emkhenkceni ngaphambili, kubalungiseleli apho.
• Fast ukutya - inkonzo ekhawulezayo, uluhlu encinane.
• ukutya Street - ubuncinane ukutya, isantya yokuxhoba, cheapness. Sebenza esitratweni.
• igumbi lokutyela - utshintsho menu kuxhomekeke ukutya ukutya namhlanje efrijini.
• Catering - catering. Intlawulo kwangaphambili, kwaye izitya zilungiselelwa ngeekhilogram.

Irestyu cuisine - ithuba lokuba abukele i abapheki

Kutshanje, loo sokucoceka isithuba okutya ngokuya kwanda. Restaurant ekhitshini kuhle ukuba abapheki ukulungiselela izidlo tye phambi kwamehlo iindwendwe, apho abathengi bakwazi ukuvavanya umgangatho nje kuphela izitya sele zilungiselelwe, kodwa ukuba bagcine njani isimo sengqondo ukuya emsebenzini wabo ubeka abasebenzi.

Restaurant-bar - indawo ogqibeleleyo abathandi iziselo emihle

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ndawo nje ezimbalwa ezongezelelweyo (VIP, isidlo) kunye igumbi esingundoqo, mayixhotyiswe bar, kubandakanywa iindidi ezahlukeneyo iziselo, kuquka uluhlu iwayini kakhulu. I-bar-yokutyela kwakhona kuba yayimfutshane ngesithomo. Kwiindawo ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo bakhonza counter, kodwa kukho Shicilela.

Amarestjurandi specialising in ukupheka ukutya zomhlaba

Kunqabile ukufumana amaziko anjalo, eya kulungisa izidlo udityaniso kuphela kwilizwe elithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwanokuba loo ndawo catering kwaye yandlalwa yokutyela Russian okanye, umzekelo, i-Italian, le menu kunokwenzeka nangoku ukufumana okukhona ezivela kwelinye ilizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kwakhona abo kuthiwa kuzwelonke.

A lot of Cuisine ezahlukeneyo, abantu ngamnye okuba khona ekufumaneni iiresiphi, leyo kuphinda kufunyanwa naphi na. Umzekelo, i Cola kwelaseItali - nto ngathi isuphu for Russian yaze yaqengqelekela eJapan - njengoko nowento ayi ngenxa amaJamani. Kwaye kwilizwe ngalinye uyakwazi ukufumana iindawo zibanga nje kuphela ukulungiselela kwase "lweenkobe", uze uxhamle incasa kunye nomnikelo neziyolo ezahlukeneyo kwezinye izizwe zehlabathi.

zokudlela ezinezihloko

Ingaba nehambisana kuyilo, zoyikekayo. Umzekelo, indawo yokutyela kwi indlela yehlathi okanye cafe French. Kwiindawo ezinjalo ugxininiso yophuhliso kwenziwa isimbo menu ukuba ezinye imbalelwano phakathi zifundo kunye amakhono. Kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo kwindlela ukutya. Le midlalo ngaphezulu, iindwendwe ezinomdla kakhulu sihlale nozidla endaweni enjalo. Umzekelo, isibhedlele, indawo yokutyela, apho ubona i ifoto ngezantsi. Yonke into wayecinga kakuhle ngaphandle, ukuba kubonakala ngathi okunene esibhedlele.

Kodwa yonke le "iintyatyambo". yokutyela yovalo Japanese yi ezihonjiswe kwi indlela Alcatraz esibhedlele entolongweni, nto leyo ilawulwa izincedisi ezifanayo, njengoko abantu badla, ngokwetafile, emi emva kwezitshixo. The akhonza intloko dummy. Kwaye e Taiwan, indawo yokutyela apho ongusihlalo kunye izitya ezenziwe ngohlobo zangasese. Nali zokudala.

Restaurants - le cafe?

kukho ezinye umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zamaziko. Kwaye, isimiso, abantu abaninzi baqonde ukuba yokutyela - yinto ehlonelwayo yaye ngaphezu cafe. Ukhetho lokuqala inika iindwendwe uluhlu olubanzi izitya, phakathi kwawo kukho niqinile, kunye neziselo, ingakumbi, uluhlu iwayini kakhulu. Xa imenyu encinci kakhulu cafe, kwaye umgangatho imveliso ngezantsi, kwakunye amaxabiso. Ngenxa yoko baqhele ukuqonda ukuba elinye iziko yenzelwe ukuba uluntu "phezulu", lo gama abanye - kubantu abane-avareji abanemivuzo.