Rickettsia - yintoni na le nto? Ziziphi izifo ukuba Rickettsia?

Ngowe-1906, H. uphando rickettsial yaqalwa fever ezirhwexu. Ngowe-1909 iimveliso igazi wafunda kwafunyanwa amagciwane ngohlobo unamathela imilinganiselo ezincinane kakhulu. eziphilayo efanayo ziye kwafunyanwa kulo nyaka yaye omnye umphengululi, S. Nicholas, kuphela ukufunda yicesina. Yaye ekubeni RICKETTS wafa ngo-1910 nje ngenxa icesina, ukuba phambi koko ukuthetha ukufunyanwa yakhe, uhlobo arhente causative kwesi sifo igama njengentlonipho - Rickettsia, njengosuku lokuqaphela ukubaluleka izazinzulu kwinzululwazi.

Yintoni Rickettsia

Rickettsia - mancinci ngobukhulu Igram-negative eziphilayo, banayo iimpawu zombini iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya. Ukususela yokuqala bathabatha ithuba Veliswa phakathi kwiiseli eukaryotic, kodwa ngaxeshanye, efana intsholongwane kufuneka ioksijini, ibe nodonga iseli kwaye bayaziva iqela elithile antibiotics. Ezi micro-eziphilayo - prokaryotes, ke musa ukuba ngokusesikweni undoqo, akukho mitochondria.

Inkcazelo kunye morphology

Ngokuqhelekileyo onke amalungu ale hlobo omncinci - ukuya ku-1 micron. babe ntonga-emile rhoqo, kodwa kwi zigaba ezithile ngayo filamentary kunye bacillary. Ngaphezu koko, lonke utshintsho zisenzeka host iseli.

Rickettsia - a Cya esisigxina, abanayo misila, naphantsi kweemeko ezingentle, benza iifom ezincinane yokubakhusela. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi fom banokuba emzimbeni ukuba ukuya kwiminyaka-10 ukuze alondoloze kwaye uyisebenzise phantsi kweemeko zivuma.

Rickettsia, chlamydia, Mycoplasma ezi olwaye lwamfimfitha esiseleni yabantu, ebangela ukugula, kodwa kanye kokusingqongileyo, ngoko nangoko abulawe. indawo yabo - iseli ophilileyo ukuba ukutya esebenzayo. Ke ukuba inwebu kwiinwebu emlonyeni, umqala kunye womchamo bakhetha mycoplasma, Rickettsia bahlala kwiiseli epithelial yethumbu, kwaye imithambo endothelium abanini yayo engundoqo - izinambuzane, kunye yandibetha phantse onke amalungu kunye namalaphu. Chlamydia ikhetha ukuba azinze amalungu wombono; kuchaphazela amalungu okuzala, kunye nemiphunga.

Yinyambalala virus, rickettsiae ngaphakathi iiseli umkhosi, kuphela iiseli koomama ngokwahlula phakathi (leyo uphawu iintsholongwane). Kulo mzekelo, iiseli ezosulelwe kunye amaphelo esibulala ngokukhawuleza.

Umjikelo wobomi kwezi Cya ilula kakhulu. Oku nokuba liqondo kwezityalo - iseli ezahlula nqanaba esebenzayo okanye quiescent.

On the izifo kwilizwekazi laseYurophu ezibangelwa rickettsia, zinqabile kakhulu. Kodwa Asia, e-Australia Tasmania, ezi zifo bandile.

ngezigaba

Ngomhla wama-26 Meyi 2015 iintlobo ebandakanyiweyo kuzenza. Kwangaxeshanye, iintlobo eziliqela leyo baphathwa apha ngaphambili, zaye ngaphandle kwaye kwiCEMIS. Kufuneka ke ukuba ihlabathi eqhelekileyo izikhanyiso Ukuhlelwa rickettsial kude kube sekupheleni, kwaye ke asicinywanga yaphuhliswa.

Isifundo kwezi Cya luyingozi kakhulu, kuba phantse onke amalungu unobangela izifo udidi lwazo, kuquka ezibulalayo. Ngoko, kwakukho amatyala ezininzi ukusulelwa abaphandi inxaxheba kuphononongo ezi amagciwane.

isifo rickettsial

Xa abantu ukuba uhlobo febrile Rickettsia sifo. Kwaye igama ngokubanzi zonke ezi zifo - rickettsioses. I-flow kubo, njengoko umthetho, oye ezibukhali kwaye lukhatshwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo irhashalala kakhulu eluswini, trombovaskulitami okanye vasculitis.

Ngoko ke yintoni ebangela isifo Rickettsia? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho le ilandelayo:

1. Epidemic yesifo, igama yesibini - esifo.
2. Disease Brill-Tsinsersa okanye yesifo sparodichesky (yesifo Rickettsia, emva kokuba umntu uyagula okokuqala, thatha ifomu encinane, emva kweminyaka kunye amashumi ukwenzeka sifo, ethe wafumana igama kunokwenzeka). Kaninzi kubonwa abadala.
3. yesifo ezisoloko zikho okanye ibuzi fever.
4. yesifo eBrazil.
5. North Asia Australian lwethikh yesifo.
6. Rocky Intaba obone nomkhuhlane.
7. Irhashalala Rickettsial.
8. fever Israeli (ngakumbi ibizwa ngokuba fever of Marseille lweMeditera nezirhwexu fever).
9. yesifo Murine (igama yesibini - intakumba, njengoko ichibi kuba zogqithiso iintakumba).
10. Quintan.
11. Tsutsugamushi, ifiva, okanye isiJapani (abathwali uninzi iimpuku kunye nosuleleko trombidiidae).
12. ize fever Malay.
13. tick fever Sumatran.
14. TIBOLA, uphawu okanye lymphadenopathy - ukugula, kuvulwa kutshanje ngolu hlobo.
15. DEBONEL, okanye strupalimfadenopatiya necrotic (zibangelwa yi uhlobo efanayo Rickettsia. Diseases kwahluka iimpawu kuphela).

Kwakhona ezaziwayo zezi:

• fever Q;
• umsele fever;
• yesifo ospovidny (kodwa ibizwa ngokuba rickettsialpox);
• Queensland fever:
• fever Astrakhan rickettsial.

Olu luhlu uluhlu engaphelelanga zizifo abantu bayosuleleka.

Iindlela zosulelo

Rickettsia ngaphandle iiseli - le iyahlozinga kakhulu amathuba ihlabathi ngaphandle, bafe ngokukhawuleza kwimiphumo ezahlukeneyo izinto iintsholongwane. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka abathuthi ezizodwa. Kule ndima, gazi-owanyayo izinambuzane egqibeleleyo, ezifana iintakumba, iintwala zokukorekisha.

Ekubeni iintwala iintakumba zifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, izifo basityathe emagxeni, ukuba ikho, ngoxa ntwala babe kwindawo ethile, nezifo ezibangelwa kubo, babe umlinganiswa i ngokwasendalweni apha.

Emva sting emzimbeni womntu kuwa Rickettsia. Iintsholongwane ze-iintakumba isifo zesisu, iintwala okanye ntwala idluliselwa egazini, yaye isiphumo - ngumkhuhlane kunye nesifo kakhulu. Yaye kunqabile kuyingozi ngokwabo arthropods Rickettsia. Kukho amatyala ukudluliselwa eziphilayo, nezinambuzane zonke izinambuzane kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngokusebenzisa amaqanda. Apha arthropods zisetyenziswa nje efana ichibi ukwenzela ukugcinwa ezincinane. Ngaphezu koko, kwaye izinambuzane ziintshulube lunokwenzeka ngokuhlawulelwa ngegazi yesigulane bomntu ngexesha unomntana.

Ukuba yenethiwekhi yenze Rickettsia, lo pathogen zingafumaneka ngokusebenzisa kukulunywa, ukuba silwanyana na kwamadlala amathe, okanye ngokuhlikihla kwi ulusu xa sinambuzane luthuli nje.

Kukho zenyathi eyahlukileyo, ngaba ukumelana neemeko zokusingqongileyo ekuthiwa Coxiella. Ukumqumbisa ezi zifo rickettsia efana impovane, kunye amathontsi emoyeni kwaye ibangele uninzi omnye ezintathu iintlobo Q fever.

A fever Japanese akukho sivela umguli onempilo ngqo. Ukuba ubukho zomlamli. Kwaye kaninzi ngaphezu kwindima yakhe edlalwa nempuku okanye mouse. ziluma kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.

iimpawu zesifo

Izifo ezibangelwa rickettsia, uyakwazi azibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa neempawu ezixhaphakileyo kodwa babe ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo. Zezi zilandelayo:

• intloko ebuhlungu kunye kwemisipha ubuhlungu imvelaphi engaziwayo;
• umkhuhlane;
• iintlobo ngeentlobo irhashalala kunye yezinambuzane niyagrenyana endaweni eschar encane ngobukhulu, leyo mnyama kwexesha, kunye noxinzelelo owaziva ngayo ngqongqo ngayo yayo;
• ukudumba kwiindawo nkovu, kunye nokwanda yabo ubungakanani;
• ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo.

rickettsioses ezinzima jikelele kusoloko kwenzeka kunye lobushushu kunye nemeko bazikhohlisa, ukuphefumla nomonde nephika enzima. Pathology Uxilongo Kudla ubunzima obukhulu. Uxilongo zingenziwa ngokusebenzisa biopsy ulusu evela unomntana. Kumphezulu wayo xa HIV kusoloko papule ibunjiwe, ngoko leyo siba mnyama.

Fever uqala emhlabeni Ngosuku lwesine emva kokosuleleka, kodwa luhlehliswe inkangeleko wakhe ixesha elide. Le isiguli isimo abangenamdla. iindawo nkovu (okokuqala kufutshane unomntana, ngoko ke elinye) abe asha kunye nokwanda ubukhulu.

Kwiveki emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo ziqala ukubonakala iimpawu ezithile zizifo rickettsial - icesina kunye ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo ukuvela kwi nephika okanye inyumoniya, kukho photophobia, conjunctivitis. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yobushushu ukuphuhlisa waphazamiseka, kwakunye ukulahleka kwenxalenye okanye ngokupheleleyo kwetyala. Isikhumba ivela melkopapuleznaya irhashalala, ingakumbi apha emilenzeni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha esiqwini.

Ukuba ngaba uqale unyango, icesina iya kuqhubeka iiveki ezimbini. Ukwazi abulalayo ukuya kuma-40% azo zonke izifo. Ngaphezu koko, ingozi yokufa ixhomekeke ubudala, uhlobo kwezifo kunye nezakhono omzimba emzimbeni womntu.

diagnosis ekuzakuqalwa

Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko yenza kube lula ukukhawulezisa inkqubo impiliso. Uxilongo ngokukhawuleza Rickettsia - a biopsy of eschar. Kodwa oko kuqinisekiswa kuphela bodwa omzimba ukusuka neempuku zigonywe emva igazi umntu ogulayo.

Enye indlela zokufumanis kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela serological. Kodwa iziphumo kufuneka zitolikwe ngononophelo olukhulu, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi kwenzeka phakathi amagciwane e ezahlukeneyo iintlobo ziibhakteriya cross-reactivity.

Enye zeemvavanyo oluqhelekilyo ekuchongweni Rickettsia - sample mooseri-Neil. Kulo mzekelo, esiswini igazi lwemithambo yesigulana ilawulwa ihagu Guinea kwi kudala febrile. Ukuba isifo kuqinisekisiwe, izilwanyana kuvela iimpawu fever, izihlunu necrosis, yaye iinkunzi iihagu kwisingxobo samatyhalarha fuku. Amaninzi, ukuba uxilongo kuqinisekisiwe, isilwanyana uyafa.

Okukwazi in rikketsiozah

Nakuba ngobukhulu ezincinane ezinjalo olu hlobo micro-eziphilayo uye antigen athile (Ag), uhlobo ubukhulu becala lipopolysaccharide. Ndafumana lwegazi efanayo Rickettsia iintsholongwane Proteus, nto leyo iqhele kude ngokwaneleyo kude etafileni uhlobo eyondeleleneyo Rickettsia. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu wabandezeleka enye izifo ezibangwa naluphi na uhlobo olu hlobo, ezinye njengabagunyaziswa ngohlobo olufanayo, sithwele iantigens efanayo ukuba ayikho eyoyikekayo. Ngapha koko, umnqamlezo-sifo senzeka emzimbeni womntu.

unyango

Kuxhomekeka iindlela anyuliweyo ekunyangeni izifo. izifo abaqeqeshiweyo ezosulelayo kuphela ukwenza uxilongo echanekileyo ukumisela unyango. Xa lemikhuhlane ezahlukeneyo rickettsial eyabelwe esiwusebenzisayo antipyretics, ezifana "aspirin", "prednisolone" okanye ezinye glucocorticosteroids, antibiotics ( "rifampicin" okanye "Levometitsin").

Kwangaxeshanye kuyimfuneko ukwenza detoxification ngu iimela, iintsuku ezi-3 gemodeza, inaliti efakwa iintsuku ezi-3 isisombululo glucose nokusela ulwelo neelitha 2.5 imini oralita isisombululo ngamnye ngexesha iintsuku ezintlanu.

Xa lobushushu scheme kuhlonyelwa ubuyela eqhelekileyo ngosuku 9-11. Malunga neeveki ezimbini kamva iba umzimba kunye iintlungu kususwa izihlunu, yaye kamva iiveki ezintathu wanyamalala irhashalala emzimbeni, nto leyo kwakuthetha recovery phantse ngokupheleleyo.

Kuba unyango yesifo lwethikh-ndiyizalele ecetywayo kwelinye udweliso zonyango:

• Kukwamkela antibiotics tetracycline kunye (okanye) iqela levomitsetinovoy ukugcina - amachiza sentliziyo e iidosi ngomlinganiselo.
• Xa siqala sifo sithanda ukuhlutywa zikarhulumente bazikhohlisa, okanye ezinye iimpawu kakhulu zibonwa, kongezwe glucose butofelwe solution anesihlanu ekhulwini kukunciphisa toxication umzimba.
• Kwiimeko ezinqabe ezilawulwa ngakumbi hormone glycosides inhliziyo.

Kule rejimeni, ukuchacha epheleleyo kwenzeka malunga ngenyanga enye.

Q fever iphathwa nokudla antibiotics, "chloramphenicol" kwaye iqela tetracycline ichiza elinye. Ukuba, zingadlulanga iintsuku ezintathu okanye ezine ayiyi kuba waphawula impucuko, iziyobisi igalelo glucocorticoid olongezelelweyo. Xa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana myocardium, ngakumbi zaziswa iziyobisi ezesifuba vasopressor. arhente detoxifying zilawulwa yegazi (glucose saline). Unyango ithatha malunga nesiqingatha inyanga.

unyango rickettsial kufuneka nakanjani kwenziwa esibhedlele, phantsi kweliso kwezifo ezosulelayo. Nzima kakhulu ukuba ukunyanga isifo eyabangela Rickettsia, chlamydia okhulelwe emabeleni-ibele, njengoko oku didi izigulane abafumana iziyobisi contraindicated iqela tetracycline. Kulo mzekelo, i ngakumbi nokuthantamisa, kodwa ngaphantsi olusebenzayo "Chloramphenicol" (ukuncancisa ngexesha unyango kufuneka ayeke).

Abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka esibhozo kunye rikketsiozah aphathe "Chloramphenicol" kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi, kanye abadala, kwakunye nabantu abadala - iqela doksitsiklinovoy, thatha nje ithamo engaphantsi.

ukuvimbela

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yaye kusetyenziswa amayeza sokugonya atenuirovannaya of ubhubhane yesifo kunye Q fever.

Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu ithuba lokuba agonywe, ukuya eholideyini kwilizwe apho kukho iindima zizifo ngezifo rickettsial. Ngoko ke, enze imithetho ezimbalwa ezilula, uyakwazi uzikhusele wena kunye nosapho lwakho kubo.

1. Ukuba uya epakini, ipaka, ehlathini, zoo okanye nayiphi na enye indawo apho wadibana namakhalane, iintakumba okanye ezinye abathwali, anxibe iingubo enemikhono emide kunye phantsi - umnqwazi obanzi.
2. Qiniseka ukusebenzisa izixhobo, uqhube kude izinambuzane.
3. Qiniseka ukuba lokuhlola bona kunye nabantwana babo ubukho impovane. Nika ingqalelo eyodwa entanyeni, nasemiphakathweni, amakhwapha, kunye nendawo phantsi ngamadolo - othandwayo indawo uphawu ukuluma.
4. Xa undwendwela iisayithi abosulelwe yi na rickettsiosis, qiniseka ukuba ukunxiba impahla buzane dimethyl phthalate.
5. Ndiyakuthanda ukuba alale esigangeni ezintenteni? Balale phezu bhedana, hayi emhlabeni.
6. Kwakukho urhano malunga sisifo umntu rickettsiosis n'wina? Ngoko musa ukuthandabuza ukubhekisela kwizifo ezosulelayo.
7. ucoceko Personal awuthunyelwanga irhoxisiwe.