Namhlanje thina ndikubalisele ngubani Robert Ludlum. Iincwadi lo mbhali yaseMelika, yaye ngobomi bakhe eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Nguye ke umbhali athengisa ezininzi, umlimi kunye weqonga. imisebenzi Umbhali baye epapashwe ngeelwimi 32 babethengisa elingaphaya iikopi million 210.
biography
Robert Ludlum wazalwa eNew York, xa kwafika ngoMeyi 1927. Uyise, George, wafa xa inkwenkwe wayeneminyaka 7 kuphela ubudala. Ngoko ke, umbhali elizayo wachitha ixesha elininzi New Jersey. Apho ke wayehlala nezalamane. Inkwenkwe waqalisa ukufunda kwi Rectory School. Emva koko wangena Wesleyan University, apho ifumaneka e Middletown, ngkhlknga. Apho waba lilungu zomanyano umfundi engekho sikweni ekuthiwa Alpha Delta Phi.
Ngasekhaya, uRobert waqalisa ukucinga malunga ukhetho kumsebenzi elizayo. Wayefuna ukuba omdlali, ijoni, umbhali kunye player. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-16 ubudala, wacelwa ukuba adlale kumdlalo weqonga ekuthiwa Junior Miss. Ita itshintshe ubomi umntu oselula. Ngowe-1945 aye emkhosini, wakhonza kwi Marine Corps kummandla we-Pacific Ocean. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwiinyanga zokuqala ezimbalwa ukuba ndayichitha ezintlwini, waba amakhulu amaphepha yokuvela. Kuyo wachaza inkonzo kwi Navy. Emva kokubuyela kwakhe Middletown umbhali elizayo izidanga kwi-University. Ngowe-1951 wafumana iziqu sokuQala kubugcisa. Ngelo xesha watshata. Choice umfazi, uMariya, ngazo baye bezisa abantwana abathathu.
umsebenzi
Kule amahlanu, uRobert Ludlum wabonakala qho kuthotho kamabonakude kunye zikamabonwakude. Ngowe-1954, wayedlala uSpartacus kwi film "Gladiator". iminyaka emibini phambi kokuba wayesele wakwazi ukuba ibe indima Ijoni kwi film "Strong yedwa," mazijoliswe yi Fritz Hoshuolder. Robert Ludlum waba umvelisi e North Jersey Playhouse. kweminyaka 2 kamva wadala yeqonga ebizwa ngokuba Playhouse-on-i-Mall e New Jersey, Paramus idolophu. De 1971 Ludlum wabhala edlala kuphela theatre yakhe. Abaninzi kubo yaphela phezulu ku ebanzi.
Ngowe-1971, incwadi yokuqala umbhali "Heritage Scarlatti" yapapashwa, ebalisa ibali sosha American ngexesha Second World War. Ngokutsho umbhali, umsebenzi wakwazi ukupapasha iinzame ezili-10 kuphela. Abavakalisi besabela bayahlelwa ncwadi, nangona kunjalo, esi inoveli waba ethengwa ngoko nangoko. Imveliso elandelayo umbhali umsebenzi "I Osterman Weekend", eyapapashwa ngo-1973. Le film lithathelwe eponymous lwamabali yabonakala ngo 1983. Umlawuli we ifilimu uSam Peckinpah. URobert nentsapho yakhe ngo-1970 bafudukela eNew York. Ukongezelela, waba indlu, eFlorida. Ngelo xesha, Ludlum elininzi zohambo, ukuqokelela izinto amabali elizayo. Ngokutsho kombhali, isixeko ayithandayo ngawo onke amaxesha ibe Paris.
I Bourne Identity
Wapapasha incwadi, "The Bourne yesazisi" ngo-1980. Wamsa nodumo ehlabathini lonke waza waba sisiqalo lothotho imisebenzi. Apha ebalini, Bourne - umlinganiswa ophambili - eyafunyanwa elwandle ngaphandle kwinkumbulo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, loo nto arhente CIA. Kuyo yonke le ngxelo uTshawe uzama ukukhumbula ungubani oyinyaniso. "I Bourne yesazisi" kuqala ezifotwe 1988 okwesihlandlo sesibini - embindini ka-2002. Kweli bali, uTshawe kuya kunceda Marie St. Jacques. Aphazamisa, yena, uya kubasebenzi CIA kunye Carlos i Dyakalashe - lutshaba efungelweyo. Phakathi kwezinye abalinganiswa kufuneka kuqatshelwe Jack Manning - enye amagosa aphezulu i-Central Intelligence Agency. wemveliso yesinyithi Ukuqhubeka Saga "uKongama Bourne" yaye "Ultimatum" nto leyo eza ngokulandelelana ngo-1986 no-1990 ngonyaka.
Le yeqhinga Prometheus
Eminye imisebenzi umbhali epapashwe phantsi awethu Dzhonatan Rayder kunye Maykl Sheperd. Incwadi Uluhlu Roberta Ladlema iphela with "Le yeqhinga Prometheus", eyapapashwa ngo-2000. Umbhali wafa ngoMatshi 12, 2001. Wayeneminyaka eli-73 ubudala. Esi siphendu ndamelwa yintliziyo. Ungumbhali weencwadi ezingaphezu kwe-mabini. ngqangi Kubala yababhali zifunyenwe. Omnye wabo - "Isilumkiso Ambler" - yapapashwa print ngo-2005 kule yokuqala. Ngowe-2006 yaguqulelwa Russian, kwaye eRashiya umsebenzi waba ethengwa.
ezincwadi
Ngowe-1971, umbhali wabhala incwadi ethi "uMzila Scarlatti." Ngowe-1972 kwafika umsebenzi "Osterman Weekend." Incwadi ethi "The Paper Matlock" ivela ngo-1973. Kwakhona kwakukho ethi "Exchange Raynemanna" ngo-1974 phantsi kwegama Jonathan Ryder weza Trevayne isebenza 1973 "Ubizo Halidon" ngo-1974. Ngowe-1975, phantsi igama Michael Shephard epapashwe umsebenzi "I-Road to Gandolfo." ethi "Twins imbangi" yapapashwa ngo-1976. "Yesandla Chenselora" wabonakala kule 1977 kwincwadi ethi "The Will Holcroft" yapapashwa ngo-1978. Sebenza "Matarese Circle" wabonakala ngowe-1979, "The Bourne yesazisi" yayibhalwe 1980. umbhali udale umsebenzi "Parsifal kaMoses" ngo-1982. Ngowe-1984 wapapasha incwadi "Liyelenqe ka Aquitaine." Ngowe-1986 wapapasha "I Bourne Ubukhulu." Book I Icarus ajenda ubonakala 1988. "I Bourne Ultimatum" ipapashwe ngowe-1990 Ngowe-1992, umbhali uyila umsebenzi "I-Road to Omaha." Ngowe-1993 wapapasha incwadi ethi 'The wenkohliso yoonomadudwane. " Ngowe-1995, kukho umsebenzi Apocalypse Watch. Ngowe-1997, ethi The Matarese Countdown. Ngowe-2000, uRobert Ludlum uphela ethi "The yeqhinga Prometheus." Ngo-2005, umbhali epapashwe ngqangi "Ambler Isilumkiso".