Russia e yobudlelwane bezizwe, ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho

Russia Contemporary kwinkqubo ngamazwe lijongene nemingeni emininzi. Phantse bonke njengelifa elidlulileyo eSoviet. Iingxaki ezinxulumene onke amacandelo yobudlelwane bezizwe :. The kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, inkcubeko, njl Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuba ukuqonda oko isikhundla Russia kwi indlela yonxulumano mihla ngamazwe. Masiqalise neentsuku yokuqala karhulumente entsha - i-Russian Federation.

IMVELAPHI Ukuwa kweUSSR

Russia kwinkqubo yobudlelwane bezizwe yezopolitiko baqala ukuphuhlisa emva eSoviet Union yahlukana yaba republic ezizimeleyo ezahlukeneyo. Yandile layo lo mcimbi sele ntlekele yokwenene neAfrika kwinkulungwane XX. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iminyaka engama-80-th zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ubuKomanisi uphelelwe ukuba uninzi lwabantu eSoviet isibheno yayo. Kwihlabathi le nto yenzeka kakhulu ngaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, imi--60-70. khulu lokugqibela, iliza iintetho anti-yobukomanisi kwi amazwe Warsaw Pact. Kuyinto yimpazamo ukuphikisana ukuba US iSebe State uye wabandakanyeka kuzo. intelligence eSoviet kunye counterintelligence midlalo ezichongiweyo zonke njengabagunyaziswa West, yaye bakwazi ukukhusela abemi zabo, yaye abemi bamazwe encedisayo eminqubeni yali yempembelelo ebabecinga. Abantu bona baye baphoxeka imfundiso wolawulo eSoviet. Isizathu esiyintloko yaba ukuqhwalela eSoviet Union kwi-West kwiindawo kakhulu revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, nto leyo akunakwenzeka, uzimela. Kwakhona kuphosakele ukuba bathi abemi bethu 'Abathengiswa ijini kunye ukuhlafuna itshungama "capitalism, njengoko athanda ukuyenza namaqhawe ahloniphekileyo, nostalgic kuba elidlulileyo eSoviet. Umgangatho wobomi baseYurophu, eneneni, kwakuba abemi ngcono kakhulu, "wawoyisa Fascism."

"Yeyam Ilibazisekile-isenzo"

ERussia indlela yonxulumano mihla ngamazwe wazuza iwonga somthetho omtsha kaJuni 12, 1990. Ngale mini, Supreme yiSoviet of the RSFSR wavakalisa ulongamo ngokunxulumene USSR.

Intlekele oku kuthi ukuba eneneni thina ngaphandle kweli lizwe, nto leyo ixesha elide kangaka eqokelelwe ookhokho bethu. I-USSR kwasekwa kuphela 20 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Noko ke, oku ngenxa yokuba phantse zonke republic, leyo zaye zabandakanywa eSoviet Union (ngaphandle Poland kunye aseBalti kunye Finland) baba ngaphakathi ilungele lemanyano omtsha ukuba kulondolozwe amaqhina kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho phakathi kwabo emva kokuwa kokumkani elinye. ULenin noTrotsky wenza impazamo enkulu neAfrika; Balahlula ilizwe ecaleni imigca yesizwe, apho ekugqibeleni kuya kukhokelela ubuntshovu kazwelonke separatism kwixesha elizayo. Khumbula ukuba I. V. Stalin nokumbetha obo buhlobo, kwaye uMongameli V. V. Putin wabiza le nkqubo "omele ixesha ukuqhushumba", leyo "wazikrazula" emva ukuwa ideology yali kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini emva kwexesha.

Iwonga entsha yezopolitiko: Russia - ekuziseni USSR

Ngoko ke, ilizwe lethu waqalisa imbali yayo entsha emva 1990. Ukusuka kule ndawo kufuneka ucinge umxholo we "Russia kwinkqubo yobudlelwane bezizwe." Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, esasijongene nazo imfuneko neAfrika self-determination, ethi ichaphazele ua kwisithuba neAfrika, ukhetho kwemihlaba civilizational esiyua nkqubo angaphandle, imodeli uphuhliso loqoqosho kunye nezinye zikarhulumente omtsha -. Russian Federation - unibangile ngokwayo i 'iqabane' yaye 'umhlobo' le-West, lwentando yesininzi ilizwe uya 'intlonipho kunye nokwamkela zonke urhulumente kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo' ehlabathini. Nakuba kunjalo, siye saqhubeka yesiko elidlulileyo Soviet:

1. Positioning ngokwawo njengelizwe ngeentlanga nakwiinkcubeko. Russia okokuqala kwimbali yayo, ababephuma luhlanga-karhulumente. Ipesenti Russian zikarhulumente elitsha malunga ne-80%, kwaye kwezinye iingingqi ukuya kwi 99% yenani zabemi. Kuyinto kakhulu kunokuba kwakunjalo kwezinye i "ziiriphabliki zesizwe" elalisakuba yiSoviet Union ngexesha ekuweni. nabanye abaninzi isizwe-meko kuqhayisa ipesenti loo uhlanga titular inani zabemi. Noko ke, siyeka ngabom ukuba ubume njenge umnqwazi elidlulileyo yasebukhosini futhi Soviet. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi nguMongameli wokuqala - B. N. Eltsin - yaqala yonke isibheno sakhe ebantwini athi: "baseRashiya endimthandayo" - oku kubonisa inqanaba ngummi, kunokuba isizwe. Hi ndlela leyi, ibinzana elithi 'Russian "awukafikeleli phambili kuluntu lwethu, enika indlela eya" ngummi Russia. "
2. Ukuba ilungu lethutyana leBhunga loKhuselo leZizwe eziManyeneyo. Waya eli lizwe kuba Russia wathi ngokwalo ngumasipala othabatha isikhundla ngokwasemthethweni USSR.

Le meko yokugqibela isinika akumgangatho ebalulekileyo kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Iinkcukacha ezininzi kule eminye.

I-UN Security Council - njengesixhobo negalelo kwezopolitiko ngamazwe

wobulungu kweBhunga loKhuseleko leUN unika izizathu ukuba sithi eRashiya ithatha indawo ephambili kwinkqubo yobudlelwane bezizwe. Ngokufutshane dwelisa inzuzo yalo isimo:

1. ummeli wethu kwi UN inokuwisa "vitho" kwi nasiphi na isigqibo UN. Enyanisweni, ngaphandle kwemvume yethu, nasiphi na isiganeko esiphambili ngamazwe - imfazwe, ukwayo kwamanye amazwe, ukuyilwa ithi ezintsha, njl njl -. Siyakuqwalaselwa mthethweni ukusuka kwindawo ngenxa yomthetho ngamazwe.
2. Russia isekude imiba emininzi kwi-ajenda kweBhunga loKhuseleko leUN kunye nabanye.

Ngelishwa, iinkqubo ezininzi ngamazwe kwenzeka ukuphamba i-UN, nto leyo enika isizathu sokukholelwa ingxaki yombutho kwaye ityala ngenxa yokusilela ukusombulula iingxaki zopolitiko ngamazwe. Russia e wezangaphandle ndiphinde ndidlale indima enye ebalulekileyo edlalwa kanye 'esimanyeneyo namagorha' Union.

Imiba yempembelelo eRashiya imicimbi yehlabathi

wobulungu kweBhunga loKhuseleko leUN - hayi isixhobo kuphela impembelelo. Russia kwinkqubo yobudlelwane bezizwe ithatha omnye izibonelelo ezingundoqo phantsi kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Territory. Ilizwe lethu yeyona inkulu kwingingqi kunye labemi karhulumente wesixhenxe ngobukhulu.
2. Indawo. Russia usesikhundleni entle neAfrika embindini Eurasia. uyakwazi ukwenza iindlela kuFeliks sendleleni kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuziphatha eyiyo nkqubo angaphandle phakathi "izingwe Asian" - China, South Korea ne Japan - kunye World Old.
3. Eluhlaza. Russia banegalelo koovimba ehlabathini: oyile - 10-12%, intsimbi - 25%, ityuwa umanyolo - 31%, igesi - 30-35%, njl ilizwe lethu kunokuchaphazela amaxabiso zehlabathi, imithamo imveliso imithombo yezimbiwa ehlabathini, njalo-njalo ...
4. amandla enyukliya enamandla njengelifa eSoviet Union kunye nabanye.

Yintoni na indawo Russia kwinkqubo ngamazwe? Zonke ezi zinto ukuvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba kwilizwe lethu - an amandla anempembelelo yothutho-zengingqi kunye ukubangisana yenyukliya ehlabathini. izohlwayo Anti-Russian ye-West kunye noxinzelelo yayo ezopolitiko kwilizwe lethu zezexeshana unconstructive. Eli bango ayikho esemthethweni abasemagunyeni Russian kunye neenkokeli amazwe Koloni. Sinethemba lokuba kungekudala le meko iya bunjani. Makhe Zama ukulinganisa elizayo kunokwenzeka, ngokusekelwe geo-kwezopolitiko self-determination of Russia.

Iinketho kuphuhliso lwexesha elizayo Russia

nemizekelo emibini ezizezinye ukuba nasekuphuhlisweni kwelizwe lethu;

1. Iya kuba yindlela ezintsha zophuhliso, kuya a endla ntirho maxesha ebanzi, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekubeni yamkelwe kubekho ulawulo lwentando yesininzi.
2. Russia iya kuba ngumba destabilization le meko kwindawo ezinkulu Eurasia, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekubeni yamkelwe wolawulo yileyo.

akunakuba lwalo lesithathu. Thina nokuba azivelele uze ube lizwe phambili kwezoqoqosho, okanye Ozahlulayo ngokupheleleyo kwakutshabalala ihlabathi. Le ukhetho yesibini siphinda bayahlelwa USSR. Ngelishwa, abezoqoqosho abaninzi ezizimeleyo abahlalutyi bezopolitiko bathi ukuba uza indlela yesibini kwaye yiyo njani "entsimini isiphithiphithi kunye Isiphithiphithi sinabele kwimimandla angabamelwane." I zemveli "eSoviet" iingxaki backwardness zeteknoloji wongezelela entsha, ngaphambili ezingabonwayo: ukubekwa wamasiko, efak 'kunye nobuzwe kumphakamo karhulumente, nto leyo ebonakalisa ngokwakha le ebizwa ngokuba "ihlabathi Russian".

Russia kwinkqubo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho ngamazwe

Siqhubela kude kwinkalo yezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho ukuhlaziya. ERussia indlela yonxulumano zemali bamazwe ukuba emva kokuba eye wangena imarike stock ngamazwe. Esi siganeko, Kakade ke, yaba kuphuhliso urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa kuthi, phezu koko, iye yaba nefuthe elibi. Isizathu kukuba abakakulungeli ukuba inguqu elibukhali kwi nqanaba "capitalism zasendle" emva "socialism nge ubuso babantu." Gorbachev kaThixo "perestroika", nangona iziqalo abanazo yokuqala kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho, kodwa ke ubuninzi yabantu labe lidubadubekile kwiimeko ezintsha. Sibe sibi kunye "therapy Njengokungeniswa" kurhulumente wethu wedemokhrasi, leyo ngokubetha ezipokothweni abemi abaqhelekileyo. Indlala nobuhlwempu - iisimboli ze lama yenguqu. Oku ke de ngoJulayi-Agasti nengxaki zezimali 1998. Ukuvakalisa default, sibe eneneni wonakele abatyali ezininzi enkulu kwamanye amazwe. Noko ke, emva kwezi ziganeko, ilizwe lethu waqalisa ukuphuhlisa ngomoya kwamandla longxowankulu.

Iingxaki jikelele lwezoqoqosho iRussia

Ukudalwa inkululeko yezoqoqosho ingqukuva ngokudibene bodwa kwezopolitiko kwilizwe lethu eqongeni ngamazwe kukhokelela ingxaki enkulu kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho ngurhulumente: ". Flight eyinkunzi" kukho Ngamanye amazwi, oosomashishini amaninzi awunamdla kuphuhliso lwexesha elide Russia. Injongo yabo - ngokukhawuleza ukwenza imali eninzi, uze wazise bonke kweengeniso kwiibhanki amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, yayikukuphuphuma eyinkunzi ngo-2008 $ 133,9 billion, ngo-2009 - .. US $ 56,9 billion, ngo-2010 -. Ukuze $ 33,6 billion, njalo kwi anti-Russian ukwayo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi "aluka .. amandongomane "kwaqiniswa kuphela ezi nkqubo.

Isiphelo ingaba ukungazi: inguqu kuqoqosho kwimarike eRashiya yajika engeluncedo lwanto ngokupheleleyo. Kuphela amaxabiso aphezulu hydrocarbon ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi waza wadala wento engekhoyo wempumelelo. yonke yaphelela xa amaxabiso zabo kwakhona wawa kumanqanaba elidlulileyo. Osoqoqosho bathi ngakumbi kwezi iilifti angafanele elinde ngokunxulumene nophuhliso eminye imithombo yamandla.

Kamva kweli nqaku sikhumbula imbali encinane kunye khangela kwezi nkqubo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo zembali.

Russia ngenkulungwane XVII

Russia kwinkqubo ngamazwe kwenkulungwane ye-17 ndiziphethe nkqubo esebenzayo amazwe. Its injongo - to "icholwa" kumazwe yamandulo Russian ukuba ligqithiselwe ePoland. Ngowe-1569, i-Union of Lublin watyikitywa, njengoko apho Poland kunye Duchy of Lithuania amanyene urhulumente omtsha - Rzeczpospolita. labantu Orthodox Ukrainian kwaye Belarusian kule meko intsha phantsi ukuba ingcinezelo ezintathu: kuzwelonke, ezenkolo wobukhosi. Ngenxa yoko, batyhileka ibe enkulu ibe imvukelo Cossack kunye nabalimi. Emva kokuba inkulu kubo - phantsi kobunkokheli melly Khmelnitsky - Russia engena imfazwe Poland.

KaJanuwari 8, 1654 kwisixeko Pereyaslavl yabamba Council (iPalamente), apho isigqibo malunga begazi yeUkraine naseRashiya. Emva koko, onke ngenkulungwane XVII, ilizwe lethu wasivuna ilungelo kwezi ndawo ngexesha iimfazwe rhoqo kunye ePoland, eCrimea, uBukhosi Ottoman kwaye Sweden. Kuphela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII, la mazwe baye bayiphawula ibhanki yonke lasekhohlo Kiev kunye Ukraine e ngabemi eRashiya, ngokusayina izivumelwano uxolo eziliqela.

Russia e amazwe: 18 leminyaka

Ngenkulungwane XVIII, iRashiya iye yaba urhulumente enamandla yaseYurophu. Okuhlanganiswe amagama "umlawuli enkulu": Peter I Omkhulu, uElizabeth I Enkulu Catherine II Omkhulu. Russia ngenkulungwane XVIII, iphumelele iziphumo zilandelayo:

1. Bamsondeza kwi-Black kunye eBaltic Seas. Ukulungiselela le njongo babebaninzi ungquzulwano zomkhosi kunye Sweden ne Turkey.
2. isantya Accelerated baqala ukuphuhlisa ishishini yayo, kwakukho ukwala intsingiselo zemathiriyeli ekrwada, nempahla eninzi mveliso kunye nezixhobo.
3. Russia waba elithumela mbilu.
4. Ilizwe lethu ekugqibeleni zathathwa lonke ilizwe Rus. Oku kwenzeka emva kokuba hlulo (kwakukho ezininzi) of the Commonwealth.

iinjongo kungaqatshelwanga kumgaqo angaphandle kwinkulungwane XVIII

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izicwangciso abalawuli zethu kwinkulungwane XVIII baba wamazwi:

1. Ukudala eyodwa karhulumente Orthodox yaseYurophu eyayiza kuquka zonke izizwe Orthodox of Europe.
2. Ukufikelela kuLwandle lweMeditera. Ukulungiselela le njongo ke kuyimfuneko ukuba zifake okubandezeleka ezimbini Turkish - i Bosporus kunye iDardanelles.
3. Russia waba iziko lwehlabathi yenkcubeko, ngokunjalo kwiziko phambili lobuzwilakhe lwehlabathi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ilizwe lethu liye labamba bonke "abantu basebukhosini 'waseFransi emva kokuba ukubhukuqwa ngexesha French Revolution waza wabeka" duty lokohlwaya-Upstart "- uNapoleon Bonaparte.

Russia ngenkulungwane XIX

Russia kwinkqubo ngamazwe kwenkulungwane ye-19 iye inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ngokunxulumanisa mveliso jikelele. De-kwinkulungwane ye, kusekho igcinwe conservatism. Sambulala, uNapoleon, njenge "i gendarme of Europe" kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ehlabathini. Nangona kunjalo, le amazwe aseYurophu sele phambili kwindlela mveliso nkulu. Russia libe lisalele ngasemva kubo baba ngakumbi obonakalayo kunyaka ngamnye. Okokugqibela, kwacaca emva iCrimea kweMfazwe ka-1853-1856. In apho amajoni ethu akutshabalalise ukusuka umgama ziphangwe nemipu aseYurophu, imipu ehlala ihleli, nolwandle, ezintsha ngomkhombe fleet yethu latshabalala umphunga.

Emva kwezi ziganeko, eRashiya uyala nkqubo esebenzayo angaphandle kwaye ivula iingcango zayo kwikomkhulu kwamanye amazwe.