Ukuqhekeka feudal - leyo kugqiba isigaba sokuqala kophuhliso lwaseYurophu

ukuqhekeka feudal - buthathaka kwamandla karhulumente engundoqo kunye ekomelezeni ngaxeshanye kwimimandla peripheral kweli lizwe. Lo gama sisebenza kuphela eYurophu aphakathi kwezoqoqosho, eyokutya nokulala kunye nenkqubo yobudlelwane buzimeleyo. Wobukhosi ukuqhekeka Yenziwe kukwanda amalungu amakhosi yobukumkani, ngexesha elifanayo zamabango kwetrone. Kunye nale into, imposiso isalamane yomkhosi wookumkani aphakathi phambi kokuba imikhosi emanyeneyo akhonze zabo kwakhokelela ekubeni phambi kokuba urhulumente omkhulu waqala Wowuqhekeza ube izilawuli ezininzi, i-Duchy kunye nezinye ilifa self-geqe. Uqhekeko ke, Kakade ke, into eyenziwe ngendaleko kwinjongo kuphuhliso loqoqosho nentlalo Europe, Noko ke, umzuzu yoxhomekeko ekuqaleni feudal ukuqhekeka ebizwa 843 ngonyaka xa nabazukulwana abathathu Karla Velikogo lityikitye iSivumelwano laseVerdun KuloMgabuli lizwe ube zahlulo zithathu. It is la imvuthuluka zombuso uCharlemagne kaThixo azalwe kamva, eFransi naseJamani. Isiphelo sale xesha kwimbali yaseYurophu kuba kwinkulungwane XVI, ixesha lokomeleza amandla yasebukhosini - absolutism. Nangona amazwe efanayo waseJamani wakwazi limanyane karhulumente omnye kuphela ngo-1871. Kwaye ngoko, ngaphandle kuhlale German Liechtenstein, Austria kunye neSwitzerland.

ukuqhekeka wobukhosi ku Rus

utyekelo European X-XVI iinkulungwane, akukho wasinda kunye ulawulo zasekhaya. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ukuqhekezwa feudal karhulumente aphakathi Russian waba eziliqela izinto ezohlula kwi uhlobo uhlobo yasentshona. Intsimbi ngengqibelelo sokonakalisa karhulumente lokuqala sele ukufa Prince Svyatoslav ngo-972, emva koko oonyana bakhe baqalisa zembujiswano imfazwe ngenxa etroneni Kiev. Umlawuli yokugqibela united Kievan Rus ithathwa ukuba abe ngunyana Vladimira Monomaha, Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, eyafa ngo 1132. Emva kokufa kwakhe urhulumente ekugqibeleni yahlulwe fiefdoms ziindlalifa yaye andizange bamphikisa kwifom yabo yokuqala.

Kakade ke, oko Bekuya kuba yinto ephosakeleyo ukuthetha-inqanaba libe linye ukubola Kiev anazo. ukuqhekeka feudal eRashiya, njengoko eYurophu, waye ngenxa yeenkqubo Injongo yokomeleza izinduna komhlaba engingqi. amandla awoneleyo kwaye yonaniso olubanzi izinduna inzuzo ngakumbi ukugcina yinganga yabo, sithembele kwaye iqwalasele iimfuno zabo, kunokuba ahlale enyanisekile eKiev. Le nto ivumele abantwana abancinane, bazalwana, abatshana kunye nezinye izalamane benganga yokuphikisa yinye.

Njengoko kuba iimpawu ekungafuneki yesizwe, oko ubuxoki ngokuyintloko kwinkqubo lestvicheskoy ebizwa ngokuba yi abacandayo ukufa umlawuli kwetrone kumzalwana wakhe, kungekhona unyana omdala, njengokuba kwakunjalo Western eYurophu (umthetho Salic). Oku, nangona kunjalo, yaba unobangela ungquzulwano zembujiswano ezininzi phakathi koonyana kunye nabatshana ubukhosi Russian XIII-XVI eminyaka. umhlaba Russian kwixesha feudal baqalisa ukuba inani elikhulu izilawuli ezizimeleyo. Rise yendawo iintsapho amanene kunye neenkundla njengenkosana wanika Russia ukuvela kwi Novgorod Republic, ukuphuma Compostela-Volyn kunye Vladimir-Suzdal ulawulo, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuvela eMoscow. Yaba abathetheli eMoscow nokupheliswa feudal ukuqhekeka wadala ubukumkani Russian.