Russian Black Sea Fleet: ngoobani kunye noluhlu iinqanawa

Emva kokuba iziganeko ka-2014 eCrimea kwakhona kwatsala ingqalelo baseRashiya nje kuphela, kodwa, mhlawumbi, ihlabathi. Kwaye akukho kuphela yayisothusa yezopolitiko phakathi kwamazwe amabini - Russia kunye Ukraine. Yaye ukuba lo swiftness ngayo iRashiya iye yabamba operation iCrimea. Kwaye emva kokubuya iCrimea Russian Black Sea Fleet ufumene ubomi yesibini.

Kuyinto ezisitheleyo ngexesha iminyaka ubunikazi Ukraine kunxweme iCrimea zophuhliso iCrimea zithe kakhulu phantsi, kunye nezibonelelo zemali ukusuka lemali likarhulumente ulondolozo losingasiqithi eyabelwe kancinane kakhulu. Oku ochaphazelekayo neziseko aselwandle kwi eCrimea. Eli nqaku zama ukuchaza ukuba amathuba Russia ukuphuhlisa Black Sea Fleet kwi ekusingasiqithi iCrimea.

Balaklava bay. A incinane

Siyazi kwimbali ukuba umyalelo endle njengoko eCrimea weza phantsi ubunini Russia, oko emkhombeni Balaklava Bay eziku Russian Black Sea Fleet zaye. Ukususela ngowe-1776 Balaklava elihamba Greek nomkhosi yayimi kule ndawo. Isiseko sale nomkhosi abafudukela, uvukelo-nxaxheba protivoosmanskogo kwiziqithi kuLwandle iAegean. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi Tsarina uCatherine Omkhulu, kwakubhalwa ubabalo babo amaGrike onesibindi.

Ukususela ngo-1853 ukuya ngo1856, ebudeni bemfazwe iCrimea, Balaklava bay yaye elalithinjwe ngumkhosi British. Aphambukela i Balaklava Bay ziko lomkhosi yaye, enyanisweni, sele yenziwe ukulinyazwa nenkxaso yasemkhosini xa wayethimba Sebastopol.

Xa kwisahlulo kwizithuthi phakathi Ukraine naseRussia njengohlobo ka-Agasti 1994 i-Black Sea Fleet eCrimea waba Brigade iyonke 153rd kwaye 155th loMthetho oyiDivision 14.

Kule Division th 475 waba lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 14 th ezinkulu 9 aphakathi zokudada ngwenya esisiseko.

Kodwa ke mna ndithi ukuba ngwenya "Zaporizhia" (Project 641), ligqithiselwe Ukraine ngexesha kwisahlulo kwizithuthi, i parameters bobugcisa ukuze ledatha waba engafanelekanga.

Kwaye emva kokuba kwisahlulo fleet, yena wathunyelwa kwizibuko zokusilungisa, nto leyo nangoku ezama ukubamba i-Ukrainian Navy.

Emva kokuba ekugqibeleni 1995 Russian Navy washiya amanzi Ukraine, Balaklava isiseko yayekwa. Yaye "abanikazi" lakhe ngqo baba abazingeli zesinyithi ahle kwaye nonferrous, njengoko isisekelo uluhlu enkulu izixhobo kunye noomatshini.

Kwaye emva kokuba xesha lifutshane ixesha xa Russian Black Sea Fleet washiya amanzi ka Ukraine, Balaklava isiseko ibingumbono ntlekele.

Kwakhona into kokuphonononga esi sixeko kunye bay yaba phantsi komhlaba yokubuyiselwa nokulungiswa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo Black Sea Fleet. isiseko Top-ngokufihlakeleyo ithabathe kusetyenziswa yiSoviet Union ngexesha IMfazwe kwaye ivenkile kwezixhobo zenyukliya.

ukusetyenziswa ngcono isiseko ngasese, kodwa ukwenza uhambo zabakhenkethi isisekelo ngwenya wamajoni, abasemagunyeni Ukrainian andiyifumananga.

It wababela Black Sea Fleet

Kwisivumelwano indlela kunye neemeko Russian Black Sea Fleet bahlale amanzi kunye namazibuko Ukraine esayinwe Kiev ngomhla wama-28 Meyi 1997, ngokusekelwe isivumelwano koorhulumente. Kwakhona kucacisiwe iimeko ukungcola iBlack Sea iFleet zokuhlala ezinxulumene kule candelo. La maxwebhu ziye zavunywa kaRhulumente Koti kunye nePalamente Ukrainian ngo-1999,

Isivumelwano wenza kube lula ukwahlula Black Sea Fleet Russian kunye Ukrainian Navy. Isiseko engundoqo kunye ikomkhulu, kwagqitywa ekubeni ushiye Sevastopol. Ingxabano impahla kwafuneka ukuba ithathelwe kwisivumelwano akhawunti ukwahlulwa kwepropati. Ngaloo ndlela Russia Wemka 87,7% kunye Ukraine - 12.3% yazo zonke iimpahla.

Ngalo lonke eli xesha yancuma Isimo ngokomthetho i-Black Sea iFleet isiphelo sayo koko, Kakade ke, kakubi izakhono zazo yokulwa. Abaninzi ukususela ngowe-1991 ukuya 1997. sisiganeko lubonwa ukuba kuLwandle Black Fleet Russia ofayo kancinci kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo.

Black Sea Fleet ngokubonwa

Uthelekiso ubume wokwamanani eli thuba azilubambi useko isimo salo abasebenzi.

Ngoko ke, uthelekise amanani.

1. I-Sea Black lwezithuthi 1991:

- Abasebenzi - 100 amawaka abantu ..

- Inani leenqanawa - 835 kuzo zonke izigaba ezikhoyo:

• lweenqanawa ezintywilayo - 28;
• enomjukujelwa Cruiser - 6;
• cruisers anti - 2;
• isikhundla Get II, ababhuqi kunye neenqanawa patrol II kwibakala - 20;
• TFR - iiyunithi 40;
• ezincinane izikhephe enomjukujelwa kunye neenqanawa - 30;
• leenqanawa - 70;
• iinqanawa emanzini - 50;
• Aviation Naval - ngaphezu iiyunithi ezine.

zithuthi Russian 2.Chernomorsky ngo-1997:

• Inani labasebenzi - 25 amawaka abantu .. (Kubandakanywa amawaka-2. Man mu lupwa moya Marine lweSizwe).
• Inani leenqanawa - 33.
• Of moya kwizithuthi - 106 (apho 22 yokulwa).
• izithuthi transport - 132.
• izithuba Command - 16 (wayeneminyaka engama-80).
• izibonelelo Communication - 11 (ukusuka 39).
• ngeenkonzo zamancedo Electronic - 11 (ukuba 40).
• Izinto bakhulise - 9 (50).
• Zamob izibonelelo ukulungisa - 3 (7).

Phantsi kwecandelo 1997 le-Ukrainian lwaphela:

• Iinqanawa - 30.
• Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo - 1.
• Ukulwa ne-moya - 90.
• iinqanawa Special njongo - 6.
• ekuqinisekiseni Court - iiyunithi 28.

Imeko ekhoyo ngoku ye-Black Sea Fleet

Black Sea Military Fleet of Russia ebesoloko kwaye ihlala ngomnye wemiba ephambili uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko imiyalelo kumzantsi ulwandle-okokoko. Black Sea Fleet iinqanawa nje benze konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba le misebenzi eziphezu kwimida noLwandle lweMeditera.

Kodwa fleet Sea Black unako ukwenza imisebenzi ukulwa kunye kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo olwandle.

Russian iinqanawa Black Sea Fleet ukwenza ngempumelelo imisebenzi kuLwandle of Japan, nokubambisana kwiBaltic Fleet. Court weqela inxaxheba imisebenzi zothutho yesondlo fleet ukuthutha izixhobo yemichiza waseSiriya kuLwandle lweMeditera.

Noluqhutywa okoko ukuqinisekisa iinqanawa Black Sea Fleet bahlangabezana ngempumelelo imingeni yokulwa imfihlo.

Ukwandisa izinga yokulwa

ECrimea Ukubuyela isakhiwo of Russia Ngokungathabuzekiyo ukuphucula lupwa ukusebenza kwe-Black Sea Fleet. Russia ngokwesiseko ezicwangcisiweyo baba nethuba lokuphuhlisa kakuhle Navy ekusingasiqithi iCrimea.

Le imikhosi aselwandle ziya kufakwa kwi eCrimea, indlela ehlanganisiweyo inkqubo, ebandakanya kunye neziseko umhlaba. Russian Black Sea Fleet ifumene isiseko esingundoqo yokuhlala leenqanawa - Sevastopol.

imigaqo esisiseko lweenkqubo yokuhlala-based kunye nezibonelelo yomkhosi wamanzi - nokwanela nokusebenza. Kuza kufuneka ukuba kwakhona ukuxhobisa iinqanawa kumphezulu isithuba-based ngwenya, imikhosi yokhuselo lonxweme zonke eziyimfuneko ukubonelela ngenkonzo epheleleyo kunye nobomi.

Uluhlu iinqanawa Black Sea Fleet

Le ncwadana ibonisa data eneenkcukacha ngazo qikelela ukuba Russian Black Sea Fleet namhlanje.

iinqanawa kumphezulu payroll numbers division:

• Baye nabalindi enomjukujelwa Cruiser "Moskva".
• "Kerch" - ezinkulu antisubmarine nqanawa.
• Njengonogada inqanawa "Hlawulisa Xa uyiZisa".
• Hamba inqanawa "Kulungile".
• Hamba inqanawa "nxanelwe ulwazi".

Ukubunjwa iinqanawa ebikhona Brigade 197th:

imikhumbi emikhulu emanzini:

• "UNikolai Phylchenkov".
• "Orsk".
• "Saratov".
• "Azov".
• "Novocherkassk".
• "UKesare Kunikov".
• "Yamal".

Ukubunjwa we 68 iinqanawa Brigade Guard:

iinqanawa antisubmarine Small:

• "Aleksandrovets".
• "Muromets".
• "Suzdalets".

leenqanawa Sea:

• "Kovrovets".
• "Ivan Holubec."
• "Turbinist".
• "Vice-Admiral zhukov."

ngwenya:

• "Rostov-on-Don" - B237.
• "Novorossiysk" - B261.
• (Ukubonisa "Zaporozhye") - B435.
• "Alrosa" - B871.

izikhephe enomjukujelwa 41 Brigade:

• "Bora".
• "Sandstorm".
• "Yehlisa".
• "Osithabazi".

Ukubunjwa 295-th division Sulina:

amaphenyane imizili:

• "P-60".
• "P-71".
• "P-109".
• "P-239".
• "Ivanovets".

Ukubunjwa 184th Brigade (Novorossiysk)

imikhumbi Antisubmarine:

• "Povorino".
• "Yeisk".
• "Levi".

leenqanawa:

• "Zheleznyakov".
• "Valentin Pikul".
• "Usekela Admiral Zakhar'in".
• "Mineral Water".
• "ULieutenant Ilyin."
• "RT-46".
• "PT-278".
• "D-144".
• "D-199".
• "D-106".

Ayizange ukuba ukukhangela kwisiza apho kwekomkhulu Russian Black Sea Fleet ziza kubekwa. Sevastopol yaba ezifanelekileyo ezininzi kule (kwindawo enye apho, kude kube ngoMatshi 19, 2014 sele ithunyelwe yaye kwekomkhulu Ukrainian Navy).

Namathemba uphuhliso kwizithuthi ngwenya

Emva kokuba iinkundla kwicandelo Sea Black bexhobele kunye inkwili - diesel "Alrosa".

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iRussia inkqubo sokuphelisa umthamo inkwili semkhosini Black Sea Fleet. Ifuthe ukuphunyezwa kwezi nzame, Black Sea Fleet inkwili Russia uza kubona sele ngo-2016.

Ngeli xesha ukugqitywa elindelekileyo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezintandathu ezintsha idizili. Le wemvula le zithuthi inkwili uya ngokupheleleyo ukutshintsha intsalela imikhosi kuLwandle Black.

Ngoku BSF uya kuba nako ukusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezinzulwini zasemanzini uzenzele amaqela ukuphumeza iinjongo yokulwa.

Imihla lweThutyana ngokufaka lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, sele 22 Agasti 2015 e-St Petersburg ndikhuliswa iflegi eSt Andrew ngalo idiesel-electric inkwili "Novorossiysk". Emva kokuba uvavanyo olupheleleyo-iscale uluhlu kolwandle Northern Fleet, uza ngokungathandabuzekiyo mayibhekiswe kwindawo ikhaya ixesha elide.

Ngwenya sesithathu imingcelele iimpahla Black Sea Fleet of the program 636 - "Stary Oskol" - laphehlelelwa ngo-Agasti 28, 2015 Emva kokuba yokusebenza kunye nemeko yolu vavanyo entsonkothileyo "Stary Oskol" eya kuthabatha indawo yayo ibe yinxalenye Black Sea Fleet.

Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ukuqhubeka ukugqitywa igobhogobho ngwenya, "Krasnodar" kwaye yokuqukunjelwa wasungula "Rostov-on-Don".

Baya wabeka lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ezimbini projekthi ukomeleza Black Sea Fleet inkwili - "Kolpino" yaye "The Great Novgorod".

Zonke lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 6 inkqubo "636 diesel" - yombane de 2016 baya kutshintshelwa Russian Black Sea Fleet. Amaqela ezi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo ibunjiwe uqeqesho kumaziko oqeqesho of the Navy.

moya sinendawo-based

Kakade ke, lo izithuthi Sea Black inyanzelekile ukuba babe moya sinendawo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku kunokwenzeka ukwandisa izinga zokuhlaziywa zezithuthi Aviation yomkhosi. Kucetywa ukuba ukutshintsha moya Su-24 e ezintsha MS Su-30.

Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba ukulibala ukuba eCrimea yiseti eyodwa zezingxoxo. Iminyaka emininzi, lenqwelo-moya othwala-based phaya kuMntla Fleet kwi eCrimea aye aziwa izakhono zabo ngeli isakhiwo ikhethekileyo.

Kwakhona ukunyusa izinga zokulungisa izithuthi ezikhoyo Black Sea Fleet. Konke oku kuya kuvumela ukufikelela kwinqanaba kwangaphambili nokubonelela moya Russian Black Sea Fleet. Ukubunjwa ukulungele ukwenza yokulwa kwimisebenzi lo moya ukuba ube phakathi-80% yesixa efunekayo.

iinkqubo ezisekelwe udala

It bekumele ukuba ufake kwi iCrimea Peninsula, inkqubo ikhaya ukuba uya kudibana nazo zonke iimfuneko intsebenzo yokulwa iihambo kule ngingqi.

isiseko Ekhaya limile Sevastopol, ezifakwe kwi Izinto okufanayo ukutyalwa laBamnyama Sea Fleet iza.

Imfuneko ephambili neenkqubo ezisekelwe ukubekwa bazimele kwabo ngokupheleleyo ngokusekelwe ukusebenza kunye nokwanela. Izibuko, apho Russian Black Sea Fleet iza kubekwa, ukwakhiwa iinqanawa, bobabini umphezulu yaye kwamanzi, uya kunikwa into akusafuneki ukuba bawuthwale inkonzo epheleleyo kunye nobomi.

Ngoko ke izityalo eCrimea kweli xesha lifutshane aya kumisa webhsayithi weqonga owawuza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zale mihla kwakunye technologies. Ukuze bakhonze iinqanawa entsha, leyo zifika kwi fleet Sea Black Russian, iqala indawo ngokwezigaba isixhobo umatshini omtsha.

Ngoku, lo lweshishini unitary federal e Sevastopol ngokoqobo kuza ebomini. Kokuba uye walungiswa iinqanawa ezimbini ezinkulu anti-inkwili phaya kuMntla Fleet (ukuba yinxalenye amandla umsebenzi Navy kuLwandle lweMeditera).

Kwakhona kwi isityalo sisebenzela ukuba ukulungisa inkwili diesel "Alrosa". Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imivuzo zabasebenzi iye yaziswa kwinqanaba bonke-Russian.

Ngoku Russian Fleet Sea abamnyama Sevastopol bafumane isiseko yokulungisa mihla.

Lo msebenzi wenziwe Novorossiysk kwi inkqubo ekujoliswe federal eya kuhlala de 2020. Ngaphantsi program, inikeza ekwakhiweni Novorossiysk iindawo nokusasazwa yomkhosi Black Sea Fleet. Ngendlela efanayo, kwakunye Sevastopol, ichweba ekubiyeni pier yayo ezinqabileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba omnye deployment site idabi iinqanawa Russian ngwenya.

ekuxhobiseni iinqanawa ngokuba Black Sea Fleet

Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko yeNavigeyishini kuyo yoLwandle Black, i-Black Sea Fleet uya hydrographers uluhlu oluninzi lwemisebenzi. Kuza kuba yimfuneko ukuqhuba izifundo ezibanzi amanzi onxweme, nto leyo eya kukhokelela nokunciphisa iimephu navigation. iinqanawa survey lokuhlola amanzi BSF khangela ukusebenza kweenkqubo navigation radio, kulandele nokulungiswa kunye maxesha.

Le complex yonke imisebenzi iya kuchaphazela ngokubonakalayo ukhuseleko yeNavigeyishini kule ngingqi nto, nto, uya kukhusela fleet Sea Black eRashiya, eyenziwe iinqanawa esoloko ihlaziywa.

Ngoko ke, ukuze kukuxhobisa lweenqanawa ezintywilayo kwamanzi entsonkothileyo kuze kuthunyelwe kumphezulu Black Sea Fleet ziya kuxhaswa neempahla amathandathu, nto leyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuba nempembelelo entle capability zokhuselo kwaye kuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi hayi kuphela kwindawo yoxanduva, elivumela Black Sea Fleet, kodwa phesheya.