Russian umyili A. D. Zaharov: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, iminyaka yobomi bakhe ukuyilwa yomfanekiso St. Petersburg, yaziwa ehlabathini lonke njengoko umbhali kwesakhiwo Admiralty. ukubaluleka kwayo nakubugcisa Russian ayikwazi nembeko, yena ziyichaze njani indlela yophuhliso nakubugcisa yesizwe ixesha elide.

ebuntwaneni

AD Zakharov, ngokomakhi, wazalwa August 8, 1761 eSt Petersburg usapho amagosa Admiralty, igosa eliyintloko. Uyise - nguDmitry Ivanovich Zakharov -Ukuze afumane umvuzo ezindilisekileyo kakhulu, kodwa unako ukuvusa oonyana ababini, abo babenza ikratshi iLizwe loobawo. Unyana omdala - Yakov Dmitrievich Zaharov - yaba academician, unjingalwazi neyezinto ubucukubhede. Junior - Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov - yaba lokwakha obalaseleyo. Ukususela kwiminyaka ekuqaleni ubawo wakhulela oonyana yenkathalo ukwazi. Wayibona ngenyameko ukukwazi zabantwana yaye wakwazi ukubona esingakwaziyo okanye iitalente zabo. Andreyan Kudala-6 ubudala koko wathunyelwa kwisikolo kwi-Academy of Arts Fine. Eklasini, kungekudala uba omnye wabafundi kakhulu. Le nkwenkwe ifumana ibhaso yakhe yokuqala impumelelo ezifundweni kwiminyaka emibini - le ncwadi.

Ukufumana vocations

Emva kokuba egqibe ekholejini, A. D. Zaharov ongena iklasi yokwakha of the Academy of Arts. ubuchule mfana ukumnceda ukuba ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza inkqubela zokufundiswa, ootitshala waphawula umbono wakhe lomhlaba. Wafundiswa iinkosi ezinkulu: AF Kokorinov, YM Felten, IE Starova. Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov ifumana iziphumo ezigqwesileyo yobugcisa bokwakha kwaye ngo-1782 yakhiwe izidanga kwi-Academy. imveliso yalo "14 amagcisa ngezigaba" kwaye zanikwa neembasa.

Umfundi brilliant

Ebudeni iminyaka yokufunda Andreyan Zakharov waqokelela isethi epheleleyo iimbasa of the Academy. Enye imisebenzi bt umakhi elizayo - iprojekthi "House" - lifumana encinane imbasa yesilivere of the Academy. Le mbasa iphezulu kubafundi zidanga. Ngowe-1780, oko kukhutshwa sele imbasa yesilivere enkulu, yaye ekupheleni yoqeqesho - imbasa yegolide iprojekthi "Fokzala" ( "ukuzonwabisa ikhaya") kunye uhambo oluya Paris ". Yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ngempumelelo ngakumbi kule bokwakha" Ngeli xesha, A. D. Zaharov ubhidwe iingcinga classicism, sifuna ukuthatha siseko omtsha mbandela.

Ngowe-1782 Andreyan kunye abafundi abathathu weza Paris. Apha baqala ukuya kwiiklasi ngokupheleleyo-scale umzobo. Zakharov nifunde ehamba lokwakha French uJ Chalgrin, kwaye zaphenjelelwa K. LeDoux umyili kakhulu okuqhubekayo Paris, efanelekileyo omkhulu nonamandla kumaphulo elula owuthanda umfundi ovela eRashiya. Chalgrin, umbhali edume Arc de Triomphe e Paris, waye ummeli aqaqambe of classicism French, ngcungela kunye ngokomakhi ilungileyo, iingcamango zakhe ngokulungelelanisiweyo kwakheka kwi kumhlaba uzilungiselele kwi Academy of iimboniselo A. Zakharov. Ngelo xesha, ukuba abunjwe ingqiqo kubuhle bakhe ekhulisa indlela yombhali, leyo luseza siziguqulela izityalo.

Amanyathelo okuqala kumsebenzi

Ngowe-1786 A. D. Zaharov ubuyela eRashiya, ezele izicwangciso kwaye linethemba ngekamva. Bonisa ikhono wakho kule projekthi inikele Academy of Arts ukwakha kokugqiba kwebala, kuyimfuneko iminyaka eliqela ukulawula ukulungisa, ukutshintshwa kunye nokuzaliswa sakhiwo, lo msebenzi uncreative kwaye ezixandayo na lokwakha olwasishiya. Kuphela ngo-1790 wakwazi ukubhekisela amatyala ukuphucula Academy of omnye umakhi. Zakharov enze imiyalelo ezincinane, ezifana school project kwilali Lyubuchi. Umsebenzi wokuqala abadumileyo ngamagama wezakhiwo ibonakala Ngo1791, le isihombiso ezukileyo kumsitho nowokupheliswa uxolo Turkey. Kule projekthi, Zakharov wazingqina kungekuphela nje ingcali eliphezulu-eklasini, kodwa ngokuthanda uhlanga. Kwincwadi yakhe eziqulethwe ingcamango yokuba ubukhulu Russia kunye nekratshi babo feat ka Suvorov kwi lokufakwa kaIshmayeli.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, ogama engobomi elidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo ne St. Petersburg, ngoko nangoko ekubuyeni kwakhe kwilizwe lakhe efika ekhaya Academy kufuna umsebenzi. Ngowe-1787, Wacela yendawo unjingalwazi, ngo-1792 wayezithethelela le projekthi yaye waba uprofesa e Academy. umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa Zakharov zange ashiye de isiphelo sobomi. Waye ngumfundisi abanetalente, kule minyaka, waba nako ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo, ndimkhulule oluninzi abafundi abafanelekayo. Ngokukodwa, phantsi umyalelo wakhe wasebenza AN Voronikhin, umfundi wakhe waye obalaseleyo Russian wezakhiwo A. Melnikov.

umakhi Gatchina

Ngowe-1799 Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, isebenza kunye neeprojekthi leyo uyibonile zolawulo eziphezulu zeli lizwe. yena uPawulos I ndamiselwa umyili oyintloko Gatchina, nokugcina ngentsika uprofesa e Academy. Apha udala iiprojekthi eziliqela izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Waqala kuqala ukusebenza ngomhla projekthi ye woonongendi, kodwa akavumelekanga ukuba senze le projekthi ekufeni kaPawulos. Bafuna ukuzisa Zakharov Novgorod kunye Pskov isithethe izakhiwo zetempile. Phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, eyakhiwa Gatchina yamaLuthere Church, unanamhla iye yagcinwa. Kwakhona ayile kwo ezimbini: Lomnenga Lion, unako ukugqiba bayiminquba ezimbini: ". Farm" "Birdman" yaye yakhiwa Eyokuqala, kunye nokwakhiwa ukufa kwesibini uPawulos wema.

Ngelo xesha Zakharov ithatha inxaxheba ekudaleni imisebenzi yesayensi "Le nakubugcisa Russian" esimnika ithuba ukuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu izithethe zesizwe ukuba ukujikeleza lizwe. Ngeli xesha ke singene nzulu iziseko izakhiwo Russian, waqonda ingakumbi kunye ngamandla yomhlaba Russian, yaye ukulungele ukuba indalo iiprojekthi ezinkulu-scale.

Sebenza kwi inkangeleko Vasilyevsky Island

A. D. Zaharov iphuhlise izakhono zakhe, yena sidibanisa wezakhiwo zinetalente yamnandi yokusebenza-nomakhi. Wamenywa ukuba yincutshe kuzo zonke iiprojekthi ezinkulu wenziwe eSt Petersburg. Ngoko yenza igalelo elibonakalayo indalo le projekthi ye-Exchange. Ngowe-1804, i-wezakhiwo kudala iprojekthi yokwakha eweni Vasilevsky Island kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa Academy of Arts. Bafuna umakhi ukuthatha izithethe best izakhiwo French kunye nakwiingqameko kunye neeveranda. Lo msebenzi kakhulu ziingcali kunye noogxa, kodwa akukwazekanga ukwenza isicwangciso, amaxwebhu, neziphaluka azikhange zigcinwe. Ngelo xesha D. Andreyan usebenza isicwangciso nokwakhiwa Nizhny Novgorod Fair, idala Foundry yiprojekthi yokuBonelela Academy of Arts.

A esibandakanya ubomi - Admiralty

A. D. Zaharov, ngokomakhi Russian, ngubani wehla embalini njengoko umdali enye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo Saint Petersburg - Admiralty. Ngowe-1805 wamiselwa umyili oyintloko Admiralty yesebe, ngelo xesha kakhulu kwaye kwakufuneka eninzi kwezakhiwo. Zakharov udale iiprojekthi ezininzi, asingabo bonke bephela sele ziphunyezwe, ezinye izakhiwo azifikelelwanga zigcinwe, kodwa ububanzi bomsebenzi yayintle. Enza ukuba izixeko ezininzi eRashiya: Kronshtadt, Saint-Petersburg, Kherson, Revel, Arkhangelsk, kuya kusebenza kakhulu. Zakharov unobubele kakhulu iprojekthi nganye kwaye washiywa ngaphandle naluphi uguqulelo kancinane, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu kunene, hayi enye isakhiwo, ukusuka kwizakhiwo ofisi oluncinane kwesakhiwo i-Admiralty e Arkhangelsk kunye Astrakhan. Ezi projekthi eetalente kumhleli Zakharov-sixeko, yena lichazwa umfanekiso manzi ezixeko ezininzi Russian. Iiprojekthi ezininzi ephawulekayo izakhiwo Hospital Black Sea e Kherson, Nikolaev yeCadet lweSizwe, iprojekthi cable mveliso in Arkhangelsk.

Sekunjalo, ishishini ibalulekileyo ebomini Zakharov yaba projekthi kwesakhiwo ephambili St. Petersburg Admiralty. Wadala emangalisayo, ukwakhiwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, ubude ngathi kweemitha 400. Isingqisho kunye wolingano kwe olungaphambili ehonjiswe kunye eqingqiweyo kwaye ibonakala imikhosi grand. Inqaba kunye spire negolide inqanawa kucwangcisa i nkqo, nto leyo eye yaba phawu lubalaseleyo landscape ezidolophini. Masakhane eluchochoyini ubuchule Zakharova, xa kusakhiwa yonke iphelele; amangalisayo ingcamango-out usebenziso ukuya kunye nenkangeleko entle.

umsebenzi wezakhiwo

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, iifoto nezakhiwo azihombise zonke iincwadi zezifundo lweeplani Russian, wadala ezininzi iiprojekthi zabo bonke ubukhulu kwizixeko ezininzi zeli lizwe. Imisebenzi kakhulu langutana zezi:

• Andreya Pervozvannogo kaThixo Cathedral Kronstadt;
• Isicwangciso sophuhliso "Ukubonelelwa siqithi" kwi Admiralty St. Petersburg;
• Cathedral of St. Catherine e Ekaterinoslav;
• Hospital Marine kwisithili Vyborg of St. Petersburg;
• Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral Izhevsk;
• ngokutsha kwe kummango engundoqo kwizibuko St Petersburg.

izakhiwo ezininzi Zakharova kwasinda, kodwa ilifa lakhe baziswa kubazukulwana.

wabucala

Lomhleli Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov wazahlulela umsebenzi ayithandayo. Uye wasifundisa, babesebenza projekthi, kunye injabulo asikhange ixesha amalungiselelo. ixesha Leisure wayitshabalalisa ekufundweni iincwadi ukukhanda, ubugcisa, ubugcisa, umdla nokuchwela. Zakharov isifo sentliziyo, kodwa akazange ufake naliphi na nkoka kule. Ngehlobo lowe-1811 waye wagula kakhulu waza wasweleka ngomhla we-8 Septemba. Academy of Arts uthe wavakalisa obukhulu phezu kwakhe ngesiquphe. Ngelishwa, umakhi enkulu yaye akukho xesha ukubona ukugqitywa naziphi na iiprojekthi zalo ezinkulu, abaninzi imisebenzi yakhe ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye ayikhange ilandelwe.