Imithombo yendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ku Spain

Spain - amahle ngokumangalisayo ezahlukeneyo ilizwe laseYurophu ukuba ithatha unonophelo yeziveliso zayo zendalo. ibekwe phi uRhulumente? Yintoni izimbiwa okune Spain?

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo ze-lizwe zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Oku wavumela Spain ukuphuhlisa kwisakhiwo mboni, ngempumelelo kwakunye ukuthabatha indawo yawo efanelekileyo phakathi kwamazwe ukunika imarike ukhenketho lwehlabathi.

UBukumkani Spain: ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga lizwe

España (igama lizwe Spanish) - geqe ibekwe kwi-Iberia, ezona wesithathu eYurophu. Elulawulweni ilizwe yohlulwe kwiingingqi lokuzimela 17 kwaye iquka amaphondo-50. Ukongeza, Spain subordinated ukuya kwinani ekuthiwa imimandla azimeleyo (iiplaza de soberania). Bona ibekwe eMntla Afrika kunye kuLwandle lweMeditera.

Unyaka yobukumkani iSpanish yesiseko yimizuzu 1515. Namhlanje a yasepalamente (siseko) neNgonyama.

Spain, iimeko zendalo kunye nemithombo leyo ohlukahlukeneyo ngokwaneleyo, iminyaka emininzi zabanjwa amazwe amabini phezulu kwezinga jikelele nokukhula kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini. Ukongeza, eli lizwe eYurophu umlimi inkulu iimveliso zezolimo. Apha Iphuhlisa ngempumelelo kwimveliso yezityalo, izilwanyana, iViticulture, kwakunye okuloba.

iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo Spain (ngokufutshane)

Kwezinye imozulu ohlala abemi beli lizwe? Imithombo yendalo eyahlukileyo ku Spain? Ngokufutshane zama ukuphendula le mibuzo kweli candelo.

Spain - elinye lamazwe amaninzi weentaba eYurophu. Malunga ne-35% ye nommandla wayo lifumaneka kwi ezinobude kwama-1,000 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Noko ke, iincopho eziphakamileyo kakhulu akafunyanwa. Ingongoma eliphezulu nezwekazi Spanish - Mulhacén ntaba (3480 m).

Ngokubanzi, isiqabu karhulumente ingachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yinxalenye engundoqo ephakamileyo kunye ekhenketha phantse engqongwe macala onke ngemixokelelwane entabeni bazahlule kwi elwandle. Emathafeni e Spain abahlala kwiindawo ezincinane. Ngokusisiseko, ndasolula ecaleni kweentili ezinkulu umlambo kunye nonxweme lweMeditera.

kwemithombo zezulu bendalo ezikhethekileyo eSpeyin. Ilizwe nga ozakuthathwa zikhuthazayo kwaye sunniest eYurophu. I-avareji yenani leentsuku sunny apha isusela ukusuka 260-280. Ebusika, iqondo lobushushu kunqabile iwela ngaphantsi zero, kwaye ehlotyeni ithemometha aye ukuya ku-40 degrees Celsius. milambo mikhulu waseSpeyin - i Tagus, Duero, Ebro kunye Guadalquivir.

Spain izibonelelo zendalo (neeminerali ingakumbi) saa kuwo wonke ummandla wayo yokungalingani. Ngesi msebenzi, kuba kakhulu yingxaki nokoyika kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho engalinganiyo kweli lizwe. Ngoko ke, inxalenye esemantla Spain na ndisiba namuhla, nelasezantsi, phezu koko, uthathwa umva. Apha kukho i liphezulu kunokwenzeka ukuba izinga lentswela eli lizwe.

abalinganiswa oluneenkcukacha imithombo yendalo engqonge Spain

imithombo yendalo eSpeyin, kwakunye nawuphi na nemeko umhlaba, kufuneka kuchazwe kwishedyuli ilandelayo:

• ndiphefumle;
• kwemozulu;
• amanzi basekhaya;
• cover umhlaba;
• enezityalo nezilwanyana;
• izimbiwa kunye nokwakheka kwaso;
• iimeko zoqoqosho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo.

Topography landscape iyantlukwano

Spain udla ngokubizwa ngokuba ilizwe kakhulu weentaba eYurophu. Malunga ne-90% yommandla layo ligutyungelwe ziintaba umhlaba. Phantse isiqingatha komhlaba Spain kaThixo - a Meseta ihewu (inkulu eYurophu). elungelelaniswe yayo isabelo Mpuma kunye ugqunywe ibhola angqingqwa kumatye awenziwa ludaka. Kodwa inxalenye yasentshona Meseta dissected ngamandla iimpazamo neentlambo komlambo.

Xa emantla Meseta ulinganiselwe ezintabeni Cantabria, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, i ukuqhubekeka zasePyrenees. Le nkqubo intaba enamandla ibandakanya nasentshonalanga eziliqela engumzekelo ubude kweekhilomitha ukuya ku-450. ZasePyrenees boyisa kunzima kakhulu: bonke abagqithela zibekwe kwi ezinobude kwama 1,500 kweemitha. Kungenxa yoko le nto zonke bakwaloliwe adibanayo Spain namanye amazwe Western Yurophu, ngokudlulisela le nkqubo ntaba ukusuka empuma okanye entshona. Kwimimandla engundoqo ye zasePyrenees uyakwazi ukufumana iindlela isiqabu imvelaphi glacial: iimoto, zonwabise kunye emikhombeni.

Ukususela umphetho kumntla Meseta Sistema Ibérico. Oku apha yasingatha imilambo emininzi emikhulu of Spain. Lo ngomnye weyona mimandla ubuncinane ezinabantu lizwe.

Osemazantsi eSpeyin, kunxweme lweMeditera, yade iintaba Andalusian. Phakathi kwezi, kukho uluhlu lwe Sierra Nevada ukusuka kwindawo liphezulu kweli lizwe - kwincopho Mulhacén. Ukuphakama Sierra Nevada kuphela Alps nga bakhuphisane eYurophu.

Plain Plain kunye nokuhlala% 10 kuphela indawo lilonke Spain. Bonke bephela iqanjwa izinto nezikhukhula, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umhlaba wawo - beba kakhulu. Namathafa inkulu ise kumzantsi-ntshona yelizwe (Andalusian).

Uncedo kudla inceda ukukhusela ubutyebi bendalo Spain kunye nobutyebi yayo. iintaba enamandla le Iberia idla wadlala indima yemida ethembekileyo obelukade luliqilima, ukukhusela ilizwe ukusuka abahlaseli ezinobutshaba.

features zezulu

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu e Spain ukusuka emntla ukuya mpuma. Umlinganiselo amaqondo apha ziyahluka ngaphakathi kwemida ububanzi ukusuka degrees 14 ukuya 20. Ngenani leentsuku sunny ngonyaka, Spain ayixoxe nabafundi kwindawo yokuqala eYurophu kunye eGrisi.

Imozulu ngundoqo lizwe uphawuleka ngokubonisana yezwekazi. Ihlobo kuba shushu ngakumbi yaye ebusika - kubanda. "Kwiinyanga ezintathu ukubanda iinyanga ezilithoba esihogweni" - yenye amazwi athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabemi lehewu Meseta.

Ukusasazwa imvula nazo ukuchasana ezibalulekileyo. izazinzulu Imozulu ngokuqhelekileyo wahlula eSpeyin kwi "owomileyo" kunye "namanzi." Umda phakathi kwezi ngingqi zimbini uhamba ezintabeni Cantabria. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi "ezimanzi" Spain, equka i-Basque Country, Compostela, Asturias kunye inxalenye zasePyrenees, imvula yonyaka avareji malunga 900-1000 mm yemvula. Ezinye eli lizwe ( "koma" Spain) ayikho ngaphezu kwe-500 mm zemvula nyaka ngamnye.

Iimpawu of Natural Resources of Spain (ikakhulu zemozulu) ukudala ubunzima obukhulu uphuhliso lezolimo kwakunye namanzi zokuhlala ezininzi kulo lonke elo lizwe. Malunga ne-60% ye amazwe izazinzulu karhulumente baqikelela nje ngokoma.

amanzi emhlabeni ugqibele lomhlaba

Eli lizwe uthungelwano umlambo ngokwanelisayo olubanzi. Noko ke, uninzi River Spanish amanzi ezahlukeneyo eliphantsi ulawulo ezingazinzanga zolwelo. Uninzi lwazo nzulu ehlotyeni okanye koma ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle Spain oovimba bamanzi yendalo edyokhweni kakhulu asasazwa ilizwe, nto leyo ekhokelela igqwethwe okanye kakhulu konikezelo lwamanzi of neziphaluka zayo ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke.

Uqweqwe womhlaba Spain nayo zahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngenxa yoncedo inzima, isakhiwo zinaso zejoloji kunye ukuchasana zezulu ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko, kwi ngasentla esilawulwa podzolic amadobo burozomy kunye umgquba entshona - imihlaba emuncu ngohlobo iMeditera, yaye empuma kwi kwiiBalearic Islands - uhlobo ngokoma lomhlaba (burozomy kunye sierozems). Imihlaba ndawo zichume bebekelwa emathafeni kunye ezintlanjeni imilambo emikhulu. Kuyinto kwezi nkalo okhulayo kakhulu ngokukhawuleza izityalo lizwe.

Biota

Kuba enezityalo nezilwanyana yombuso luphawulwa ukutyeba kwezityalo. In floristically Spain obu ingqalelo eli lizwe bazizinhanha eYurophu. amahlathi ezinkulu ngu-30% ye nommandla wayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha elidluleyo ubumkhulu kakhulu.

Ukubiya oki amahlathi kukhula kwimimandla kumntla-ntshona weli lizwe. Enkangala zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo oki ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo beech, uthuthu, nezompleyini kunye ezinde. Phakathi Amathafa engaphakathi Spain walondoloza amaphecana zamahlathi, ndimkhathalela owomileyo kunye amatyholo. ubume semi-intlango ingafunyanwa kwi naseAragon yasethafeni, eNew Castile.

Izilwanyana Spain zibonwa ngokucacileyo ikhethe zombini zasendle yaseYurophu Afrika. Apha ibhere brown njengesiqhelo, ingcuka, impungutye, cat zasendle, ixhama kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, okufana engundoqo nasentshona Yurophu. In Spain ungenza Unokufumana ukhozi komlawuli, genet kunye Amaqaqa yaseYiputa. Zonke ezi ntlobo zifumaneka kwelinye icala Strait of Gibraltar.

ingqalelo eyodwa inikwa Spanish (okanye yasePyrenean) Lynx - enye ezanyisayo zazenziwe emhlabeni. Ukuba akukho ngaphezu kwekhulu abantu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ihlangabezana le silwanyana kuphela kwiindawo weentaba kunye ezisemaphandleni yeSpain. Ukusuka lynx eziqhelekileyo Iberia ngokwebala ezincinane kunye luphuhle.

imithombo yezimbiwa ku Spain: zokuhlola jikelele

Ilizwe ayikho phakathi iinkokeli zehlabathi kulungiselelo izimbiwa. izimbiwa abaninzi Spain kufuneka ungenise (kuquka amandla). Noko ke, ushishino lwezimbiwa apha yenziwe kakuhle, ingakumbi empuma kumzantsi-ntshona weli lizwe.

Ezintlanu minerals ibalulekileyo Spain kaThixo ikhe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Iron ore.
• Coal.
• Ubhedu.
• Lead.
• Mercury.

Noko ke, inkoliso oovimba endle kaThixo abathozamileyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, jikelele, Spain ingabizwa ixhomekeke zorhwebo kwezibonelelo izimbiwa kweli lizwe.

minerals ore

Le urhulumente, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, esisityebi kwizimbiwa zalo. Ngokomzekelo, eSpeyin wafumanisa iidipozithi osisityebi zinc, ilothe, imetyhuri, manganese, kunye pyrites zobhedu. Itotali oovimba ekrwada intsimbi Spain - malunga 2.5 billion neetoni. Kule ngasentla, kukho iidipozithi ebalulekileyo itoti kunye Tungsten.

Xa oovimba engqiniweyo ores uranium Spain ukho kwindawo yesibini eYurophu Mercury inventri - indawo yokuqala ehlabathini. iidipozithi Rich of cinnabar ibekwe kwiphondo Ciudad Real kunye kweenxweme Baldeasage lomlambo.

Ukongeza, ndineemfesane Spain utyebile kakhulu pyrite. Ingakumbi, nanzo geni kumathambeka akumazantsi Sierra Uyakwazi. Kwakhona eSpeyin, kukho izabelo isilivere, negolide, molybdenum kunye titanium.

Amafutha kunye namandla izimbiwa kunye nezinye izinto

kwemithombo energy kwintsimi iSpanish, yeha, engenabutyebi kangaka. iidipozithi Minor amalahle ziyaphuhliswa kumantla elo lizwe (kwiphondo Oviedo kunye Leon), kwi-Basque Country ne Asturias. amalahle Spanish, umgangatho ngokuqhelekileyo low.

Oil ngezixa ezincinane kakhulu kwaye evela nase- Burgos, igesi yendalo - in naseAragon kunye Cádiz. oovimba iphicothwe serhasi Spain azikho neemitha ngaphezu kwezigidi ezibini cubic.

Kukho oovimba mikhulu ka iityuwa potassium, udongwe elinjubaqa, kaolin kunye fluorspar. Xa ezininzi amaphondo Spain (Compostela, Asturias, Valencia, Guadalajara kunye nabanye) uvelisa ngononophelo izinto kushishino lokwakha. Le dolomite, lekalika, ezimbejembeje itshokhwe kwizinga eliphezulu.

imithombo yendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo ku Spain

Basebenzise ngenkuthalo imithombo yendalo ngendlela engazange mveliso kwaqala eSpeyin kwisiqingatha sesibini kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ngaphambi koko, eli lizwe wahlala urhulumente ngokwaneleyo kwezolimo. eyiyo kunye novavanyo ezaneleyo iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo Spain wavumela ukuba ibe lizwe mveliso-kwezolimo, nto leyo ngokwemigaqo yophuhliso mboni ayikho ngaphantsi kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu.

Namhlanje, Spain kakuhle imigodi eziphuhlileyo, elukiweyo, iimveliso zokutya, imikhumbi, kwakunye yamandla. Kwezolimo, izityalo ezibalaseleyo eli lizwe. Apha, ingqolowa, irayisi, umbona, irhasi, iminquma, imihla, Imirharnate kunye nezinye izityalo. Ezindaweni yomile ngokwaso ngempumelelo iigusha neebhokhwe, yaye emntla - iinkomo. ukuloba senzeka kwimimandla yonxweme. Spain phakathi kwamazwe top ezilishumi ekubambiseni nokuhoywa intlanzi.

Spain kunye nokhenketho

Spain yeyona ziko likhulu kokhenketho ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwesigidi abantu kweli lizwe aqeshwe kweli candelo loqoqosho lwesizwe. Spain utyelela minyaka abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe ubuncinane 50 million.

Eyona ndawo idumile Irizothi e Spain: Costa Brava, Costa Blanca kunye elikwiiCanary Islands. Amaziko abakhenkethi iphambili yeli lizwe - Barcelona, Madrid, Bilbao kunye Valencia. isixeko lokugqibela yaba ngokugqithisileyo ngazo kubakhenkethi kunye nabahambi. Oku lula ezinika zayo ezininzi, ezikhumbuzo zembali kunye zokwakha, amaziko olondolozo kunye nezibonelelo zolonwabo zendalo Valencia.

Spain lelona ziko enkulu lomthendeleko yaseYurophu. Odumileyo Seville Fair, ezimibalabala Carnival e Cádiz kunye La Tomatina e Buñol ngokuzithandela abakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke.

isiphelo

Ummandla ubukumkani Spain utyebile kakhulu kwemithombo yendalo: izimbiwa, amafutha, imozulu kunye begazi. Eli lizwe wobulali, imozulu efudumeleyo kwaye kwivenkile ebanzi ukuya elwandle.

Uvavanyo zoqoqosho iimeko zendalo kunye nezibonelelo Spain kakhulu eliphezulu. Ngokusekelwe kuwo, ekuphuhliseni ngempumelelo kwemigodi, umbane, ezolimo kunye namashishini zabakhenkethi.