I-ZIL-157: iinkcukacha kunye neefoto

"I-ZIL 157" (ifoto yemoto iboniswe kwiphepha), ilori elinamandla elakhiweyo kwixesha lamaSoviet kwisiqhamo saseKakhachev, ukususela ngo-1958 ukuya ku-1991. Imoto yayineempawu zendlela yokuhamba yonke imoto, kwaye ngoko ke imveliso yecala yayijoliswe ekuboneleleni ngeenqwelo zothutho kwii-Armed Forces zaseSoviet Union. Ngexesha elifanayo, inani elithile le "ZIL 157" lisetyenziselwa uqoqosho lwelizwe.

Phuculo

Ngowe-1961, imodeli yaguqulwa kwaye yafumana i-index yeZIL 157K. Kule nguqulo entsha imoto yaveliswa ngaphambi kowe-1978, ngoko imveliso yayo yahanjiswa kwi-Ural Automobile Plant (UAMZ), kodwa sele iphantsi kwe-brand ZIL 157KD. Umatshini omtsha wahluke kwibhokisi lebhokisi eliphambili elidlulileyo, i-disk clutch ethembekileyo, i-disk clutch, ukulungelelanisa okuhle kunye nokusabalalisa umthwalo, kunye ne-telescopic absorck absorbers. Iimpawu ezihambayo zohlobo olutshintshiwe nazo ziphuculwe, isantya senyuka ukusuka kuma-60 ukuya kuma-kilomitha angama-65 ngeyure. Inguqulo ehlaziyiweyo ayifumanekanga kwithuba elithile, i-ZIL 157, umfanekiso ongeyapapashwa naphi na, yahlulwa njengeyiphi na imishini yempi yelo xesha.

Umzimba wemoto wawuyiqonga elenziwe ngamaplanga, elimbozwe ngeensimbi zensimbi zangexesha elide, ukukhusela ekubanjeni. Iibhodi zahlanganiswa ngamacwecwe eplanga, kunye nobubanzi obungama-20 kunye nobubanzi bama-millimitha angu-80. Ukufumana amandla, isakhiwo eside sagxininiswa ngemivalo yesithintelo kunye neebhanki zetsimbi. Icala langaphambili lizinzile, kwaye kwicala langasemva liye lancincika, ngaloo ndlela livula ngokupheleleyo iqonga lomzimba. Ngaloo ndlela, ukulayishwa kunye nokulayishwa komkhosi kunye nayiphina into eyakhiwayo yenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza.

Ukusuka emkhosini ukuya koqoqosho lwelizwe

Imoto "iZIL 157KD" yaveliswa ngaphambi kowe-1991, ngelixa iimpawu zeemoto azizange zitshintshe, zonke iiparamitha zezobuchwepheshe zizalisekisa ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zokusebenza. Kwaye ukususela ngowe-1966 kwisityalo sase-Likhachev saqala ukuveliswa kwemoto yonke imoto "ZIL 131", ukunikezelwa kwe-ZIL 157KD kwiiMpi zoMkhosi zase-USSR kwaphela. Umatshini wagxininiswa kakhulu kwi-yobunjineli yobunjineli, kwiifama ezihlangeneyo, ifama yelizwe kunye namahlathi. Isithuthi esithembekileyo esingenakuthobeka sibe ngumncedisi oyimfuneko kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo "I-ZIL 157V", itrektare yesikhombisi ngaphandle komzimba, yayikuthutha ngokukhethekileyo ekuthungeni. Izixhobo ezinamandla zokulandelela zavumela ukusetyenziswa komatshini ekuthuthweni kweengodo ezide.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa

Iiparitha zeeyunithi eziphambili kunye neeyunithi "iZIL 157" zidibene neemfuno eziphambili zexesha. Ekubeni umatshini wenziwe i-Soviet Army, izinto zawo azizange zisindiswe. Ngaloo ndlela, "i-ZIL 157", iimpawu ezingayidingi ukuphuculwa, zahlanganiswa kumgca wendibano ngokweklasi yeklasi, iminyaka engashintshi iteknoloji.

Imoto yayixhotywe nge-injini yenjini kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamashishini amahlanu emakhadi, enye edibanisa umthengisi kwibhokisi yebhodi, ezimbini zadlulela ukujikeleza kwiibhanji zangaphambili naphakathi. Umbane wesine kunye wesihlanu udibanisa ibhuloho ephakathi ukuya kwi-axle engemuva, nge-assembly bearing bearing assembly.

Tires

Amavili "I-ZIL 157" yayinomkhuseli okhuselekileyo, ngokukhawuleza ukuphelisa. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala kwimboni yezimoto zasemakhaya, inkqubo yokupompa ifakwe kwiloli elilawula uxinzelelo lwevili. Iimpawu kunye nezimbobo ezincinci kumavili asisathinteli inkqubela yomshini, i-compressor iqhube ngokuzenzekelayo umlinganiselo womoya, ukuhlawulela ukungabikho kwengcinezelo. Ukusuka esihlalweni somqhubi bekukwafuneka ukuba kufake indlela yokutshintsha.

Iinqwelo "ZIL 157", phakathi kwezinye izinto, zenzelwe ukushayela kwihlabathi elincinci elincinci okanye emanzini. Ukwenza oku, kwakudingeka ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-atmospheres engu-0.7. Amasondo aguqulwa, ubuso bawo buba bubanzi. Emva kokudlula kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi, amathaya aphinde ahlonywe kwi-atmospheric 2.8.

Inkqubo yokupholisa

Ibloko leesilinda "iZil 157" kunye ne "jacket" yohlobo oluvaliweyo. I-cooling isasazwa ngesekethe. I-radiator yayisakhiwo se-tubular, esine-jalousie. I-cast-blade fan blade inikeza ukupholisa okunye.

Kuyilo lokungalungi kwinkqubo yokupholisa imoto "i-ZIL 157" inokuthi ithathwa ngokuba yintlupheko yenjini kwiqondo eliphantsi. Ngaphantsi kwee-degrees ezili-10, kwafuneka sisebenzise i-casings ekhethiweyo yokukhusela i-injini, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokupholisa ayizange igcine iqondo lokushisa elifunayo. Emva koko, i-thermostat yagqitywa, kodwa iindawo zokufudumala ezisebushushu zazifakwe kwizinto zokusebenza zomatshini.

Injini "ZIL 157"

• Umthamo osebenzayo weesilinda ngowesi-5 559 cm / 3;
• Uhlobo - uphethiloli, i-carburetor;
• Amandla amakhulu angama-109 hp;
• Inani leesilinda - 6;
• Ububanzi bomlindi ngu-101.6 mm;
• Inkqubo yoxinzelelo - 6,2;
• Ukupholisa - i-antifreeze;
• Isakhiwo - ibloko le-cylinder, insimbi yentsimbi, i-aluminium yentloko ye-cylinder;
• Imodi yokusebenza - isine-stroke;
• Umyalelo weesilinda 1-5-3-6-2-4;
• I-Fuel A-66, A-72.

Ukuthunyelwa

Ibhokisi lebhobho yencwadi, isivini ezintlanu:

• Umzekelo 151;
• Lever shift.

Iirejista zeGear:

• Isisindo sesihlanu (ngqo) - 0.81;
• Igesi lesine ngu-1.00;
• Intsimbi yesithathu - 1.89;
• Intsimbi yesibini - 3.32;
• Ukudluliselwa kokuqala - 6.24;
• Ukuguqula iimpahla - 6.70.

Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa, ibini lesibini:

Iirejista zeGear:

• Ukutshintshwa kokuqala - 2.44;
• Intsimbi yesibini - 1,24;
• Ukugqithiswa okuphambili kwezibhanti ezikhokelayo zingatshatanga, 6.67.

Impawu ezipheleleyo kunye nezisisindo

• Isisindo esipheleleyo 10,190 kg;
• Ubude 6 684 mm;
• Ukuphakama: epheleleyo, nge-enwning 2,915 mm, ngaphandle kwe-2 360 mm;
• Ububanzi 2 315 mm;
• Umzila wokuqala 1 755 mm;
• Umzila olandelayo emva kwe-1 750 mm;
• Isondo lesiseko 3 665 + 1 120 mm;
• Ukususwa komhlaba (imvume) - 310 mm.

Ulungiso

Ngexesha lokuveliswa kwe-ZIL 157, ukulungiswa okuyisishumi kunye nanye kwadalwa, okuzalisekisa imisebenzi ethile. Ukongezelela, kwakukho iinjongo ezizodwa:

• Iloli yomlilo ene-tan amanzi yamanzi ayi-4.5, i-ladder ekhangekayo kunye nekhabini eliphindwe kabini kubasebenzi;
• Imoto ene-generator engxamisekileyo isetyenziselwe ukubonelela ngombane kwizinto ezixhaswe ngexesha elithile.
• Iimodyuli nge-bumper front eqinisiweyo ukunyanzelisa ngokusunduza;
• Iimoto ezixhotywe nge-winch, zenzelwe ukukhupha ivili elinyanisiweyo kunye neenqwelo zokuhamba;
• Umzekelo oyisiseko "iZIL 157", umxholo we-1958;
• Itrektara yeloliwe "157V";
• I-Base model ukususela ngo-1961, "157K";
• Ithrektara yeloli ukususela ngo-1961, "157KV";
• I-Base model ukusuka ngo-1978, "157KD";
• I-tractor itekisi ukususela ngo-1978, "i-157KDV";
• Ingqungquthela yeTropical eneenkqubo ezipholileyo zokupholisa kunye ne-radiator volumetric, "157Yu";
• Imodeli yokuthumela ngaphandle "157E";
• Umzekelo ngezixhobo ezikhuselekile, ukhuselwe - "157G";
• Umzekelo okhuselekileyo, ukhuseleko lwezixhobo ukususela ngo-1961 - "157KG";
• Iimodeli ezikhethekileyo ezineetanki zombini zamanzi, umthamo weeitha ezingama-300 - "ZIL 157E".

Ewonke, imoto ye-797,934 yazo zonke iinguqulelo "kwendlela yokuphuma kwendlela" yaveliswa, njengoko abantu babibizwa ngokuthi "iZIL 157".

Injini entsha

Umzekelo wesiseko we-1978 "157KD" wawuxhotyiswe ngesithuthi, simanyene nenjini ye "ZIL 130". Umlinganiselo wokunyanzeliswa wanda ukusuka ku-6.2 ukuya ku-6.5. Iqela le-Piston - i-cylinder liners, i-pistons, isethi yeengqungquthela zoxinzelelo, iminwe yokudibanisa imboleko ehlawulwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-injini "130". Inkqubo yokucoca i-lubrification ishintshwe ngokugqithiseleyo, ioli sele ihlanjululwe kwisihlunu se-centrifugal.

Amandla ompompo wamanzi ayekwanda kakhulu, enye i-alternator entsha, i-unit compact, esebenza kakuhle. Inkwenkwezi yexesha eliqhelekileyo yatshintshwa nge-speed-speed, amandla amakhulu. Umqhubi wendwendwe oqhelekileyo wanikezela kwinkqubo yokutshitshiswa komnxeba. Injini ehlaziyiweyo ifakwe kwi "ZIL 157KD" kwisebe lase-Ural le-ZIL.

"ZIL 157", injini injini

Ngethuba lokuveliswa kwezithuthi zomhlaba wonke, izityalo ze-dizeli eziza kuveliswa kumgangatho woshishino, akukho. Ngoko ke, e-USSR, zonke iilori zaxhotyiswa ngeenjini zepetroli kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-ZIL 157, ngokusemgangathweni, unokufaka injini ye-diesel ye-brand D245-12S, akudingeki ukuba utshintshise nantoni na, zonke izinto zokufakelwa kwebhokisi kunye neebhokisi zeetrakta zilungiswa ngokulula. Kufuneka kuphela ukuba unqunywe izixhobo zangasemva kwaye udibanise amabakethi ukusuka kwi "ZIL 130" okanye "ZIL 131". Nangona kunjalo, xa ufaka idizili, kufuneka ulungele ukukhwabanisa kweemoto yonke, oku kukuphela kwendlela ekhoyo kulo nyaka.

Bridges

Imoto "i-ZIL 157", kungakhathaliseki ukuguqulwa, ixhotywe ngeeyunithi ezintathu ezifanayo. Lawa maphuloji eeplanethi, e-semi-axle, ahlukeneyo. Izilinganiso zee Gear zifana nazo zonke iintambo ezintathu. Amakhonkco aphakamileyo ayenzelwe imithombo ye-elliptic, nangona ukumiswa kunokuba yinto entwasahlobo ye-pendulum kunye nemithombo kunye ne-hydraulic shock absorbers.

Izimo zokusebenza eziyimfuneko zeZIL 157, ezithatha amabhanji awona mthwalo oyintloko, abaqeshwe ngokunyanzeliswa ukuba bafune izisombululo eziye zandisa ukunyaniseka kwemoto. Isicwangciso saqulunqwa, esilula kwaye sinokwethenjelwa, esinikezela ukufakela ukuxakeka kwamanzi.

Zonke ii-axle ezihamba ngeemoto zidibene neengcongolo zetsimbi, eziyingxenye yesistim se-brake esebenza ngokufanelekileyo "157". Imiqulu yendalo yonke "Feredo" isebenze ngokungenasiphelo. Imoto yayingasishiyi impawu zomkhuseli endleleni, i-stop yayisisigxina kwaye ingenaye i-jerks, edla ngokuhamba ne-braking yezithuthi ezinzima.

Ukulungisa imoto

Naphezu kokulula kokuyila kunye nemithombo ephezulu, "u-king-off-road" ngamanye amaxesha uyaphula. Nangona kunjalo, abanikazi bamanje beemoto zonke zeendawo akufanele babe nexhala, izixhobo ezizikhuselayo "ZIL 157" zithengiswa ngokwaneleyo. Kwixesha lamaSoviet, ngokufanayo nemveliso yeemoto, ngakumbi iilori, izityalo zokuvelisa iikiti zokulungisa. Kwaye, njengomthetho, izalathisi ziye zaveliswa ngobuninzi bezona zinto, zigqithise kakhulu iimfuno. Ezi ziindleko zoqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo, kodwa kubonga kubo namhlanje ukuba unokuthenga yonke into oyifunayo ukulungisa imoto.