Scientist yiSoviet, omnye wabaseki cosmonautics uYuri Kondratyuk: engobomi, impumelelo kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk - Isazinzulu ye-USSR kunye White Guard wokugqibela. Wazalwa ngo-1897, Juni 9. Ngenkulungwane XX ekuqaleni, ukuba kubalwe le ndlela kangangoko nasenyangeni - ". Kondratyuka lisekhondweni" Kamva, ubalo zakhe esetyenziswa yi NASA kwinkqubo "Apollo". Cinga ngakumbi kunokuba kwakunjalo badume Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk.

Biography ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ukweqa

igama lokwenyani lwe ikamva lo mzobo obalaseleyo zenzululwazi eyahlukileyo. KaYuri Kondratyuk - owayesaziwa Alexander Ignatievitch Shargeya. Kokuba azalelwe Poltava, kusapho Russified amaJamani namaYuda bambambayo ubuKatolika. Ukhokho Anton Andreevich Shlippenbah, inxaxheba emfazweni ka 1812

Alexander wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe endlwini kaninakhulu, yaye owesibini yendoda yakhe. Yena waye umbelekisi, yaye - nogqirha lizwe, kunye nentloko kamva lesebe yesithathu Exchequer. Xa emnyaka mnye, uyise waya eJamani, e Darmstadt, ukuze bafunde tehshkole ephakamileyo. Emva kwexesha elithile, oko waqala ukugula ngengqondo unina, kangangokuba yafakwa esibhedlele phantsi s. Small Budyscha. Apha wachitha bonke ubomi bakhe.

Ngowe-1903 uyise bafudukela unyana wakhe eSt Petersburg. Apha, kusapho lwabo baba Helena Petrovna Giberman. Yena ke intombi ugqirha edumileyo, kwaye iimpapasho zonyango P. I. Lure-Gibermana. Kunyaka olandelayo, ngo-1907, Alexander uya esikolweni kwi-siqithi Vasilveskom. Ngowe-1910 yena wazalwa wakhe isiqingatha-udade UNina. Kulo nyaka uyise wafa ngesiquphe. Alexander wabuyela endlwini umakhulu wakhe.

Ukususela ngowe-1910 ukuya 1916 wafumana isidanga sesibini yeSibini Poltava yokwenza umthambo, yaye wathweswa isidanga imbasa yesilivere. Ekugqityweni uqeqesho, Alexander efika Petrograd Polytechnic Institute, isebe ngoomatshini (ngoku - iYunivesithi St. Petersburg Polytechnic State). Noko ke, ngoNovemba 1916 kwi ubizo yomkhosi watshintshelwa yesigunyaziso esikolweni. Phambi kokuba kwamabutho kwesisipringi ka-1918 bathatha inxaxheba iimfazwe ngaphambili Turkish. Njengoko igosa yomkhosi tsarist, emva kokuba revolution ka-1917 ukuba bazilungiselela ukungenela umkhosi amhlophe, kodwa eyintlango.

Emva kokuba kuthinjwe Kiev Alexander Red Army wazama ukubaleka ngeenyawo aphesheya. Kodwa ke wabanjwa baza babuya. Phantsi intlungu impindezelo ngenxa elidluleyo wakhe encediswa Umama wakhe uHelen Giberman wafumana amaxwebhu amatsha. Ukususela ngoko waba Yuriem Vasilevichem Kondratyukom, owazalwa ngo-1900 kwisithili Lutsk. Ngokwala maxwebhu, yena waphila ixesha eliseleyo.

Umsebenzi Umsebenzi wokuqala

Ukususela ngowe-1921 ukuya 1927 uYuri Kondratyuk wasebenza Kuban, kumazantsi eUkraine, North neAsia. Apha ke greaser, kukho iimoto erhuqwayo, ikheshi mishini. Ngowe-1927 waya eSiberia phantsi bahlaselwa zocindezelo KGB. Kwaba lula ukuba ukuzimela phantsi igama elingelilo. E naseNovosibirsk, i Yuriy Kondratyuk ufumana inkampani "Khleboprodukt". Apha ke kwafuneka ukuba athathe inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kunye nokuphuculwa bekwilift. Kanye ngeli xesha, wakha odumileyo "Mastodon" - .. Granary, eyenzelwe-13 amawaka iitoni kwesakhiwo wadalwa ngaphandle isikhonkwane enye. Kwangaxeshanye, uYuri Kondratyuk weza izihlandlo eziliqela Biisk. Apho ke into emandiyenze phezu oomatshini wenkqubo yokugcina ingqolowa.

trial

Ngelo xesha ulawulo yenkampani "Khleboprodukt" Wababuza ukuthembeka "Mastodon", owadala Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich. Ukubanjwa ngamacala ngabom kwenzeka ngo-1930, ngoJulayi 30. Ulawulo Le nkampani waziswe ukuba umbhali le projekthi, hayi nje akazange asebenzise iinzipho, kodwa nkqu na imizobo. Ngenxa yoko, ngamacala uYuri Kondratyuk wagwetywa iminyaka emithathu enkampini. "Mastodon" bema iminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 yaye sachithwa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-90 phezu komlilo.

izinto ezintsha

Okwa nkampu indawo kumsebenzi kwasekwa naseNovosibirsk Special Bureau № 14 amabanjwa iinjineli. lwaqhutywa khona uphuhliso lweeprojekthi lwamashishini amalahle. Lo msebenzi yabanjwa kaYuri Kondratyuk. ngobomi bakhe lizele ezahlukeneyo iziganeko ezimangalisayo. Ngoko, usebenza ngenani ofisi 14, wakwazi ukufumana amalungelo awodwa omenzi entsimini nezixhobo imigodi kunye nezimbiwa. Ngaphezu koko, uye lapapasha amanqaku ezininzi kwimiba ethile. Phakathi kwabo baye ekuququzeleleni nokukhawulezisa kwii-emigodini porodorubochnyh zoomatshini opalubnoy kunye nomsebenzi eziphathekayo, nogunyaziso umqhubi imfumba eziphathekayo, njalo njalo.

farm umoya iCrimea

Ngexesha ubukho kwiziko ezizodwa yabamba ukhuphiswano nokudalwa imizobo kolu fakelo. Imiqathango zokufunda kunye kaYuri Kondratyuk. Ukuyila WEC wayenza ngentsebenziswano ne Gorchakov. Kamva, umsebenzi ezibandakanyekayo kunye Nikitin - umdali nenqaba kamabonakude Ostankino. Le imizobo zaye zagqitywa ngoNovemba 1932, ababhali emva kwexesha elifutshane ngexesha bavumelekile ukuba baye kwikomkhulu. Kukhuphiswano le projekthi leyo ilungileyo. Ngowe-1933, xa ukunyanzelisa ka Commissariat Kondratyuka release yaBantu yokuqala ukusuka ukugxothwa. Kuba elandelayo 1934 uyilo yefama yomoya sele igqityiwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukwakhiwa isiseko yaqala ngo-1937 kwiNtaba Ai-Petri. Noko ke, kule elandelayo, 1938, umsebenzi yamiswa ngenxa ukwala amaziko amandla omoya enamandla. Kule minyaka mibini izayo Kondratiuk wayila umqhubi encinane WPP.

okunika umdla

Xa usebenza kumzobo yamava amandla omoya, leyo ukuba Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich, engobomi, impumelelo abanomdla S. wakhe P. koroleva. ukubala kwintsebenziswano. Noko ke, Kondratyuk Yuriy Vasilevich le isindululo zingamkelwa. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, wabacacisela lo ukungaphumeleli izibophelelo ezikhoyo ezinxulumene ukusebenza efama yomoya. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, esona sizathu kukuba imisebenzi enxulumene iiprojekthi emkhosini, ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo yi-NKVD. Kwimeko zokuqinisekisa ningavula bakhe elidlulileyo whiteguard kunye nento yokuba ukuguqula kwamaxwebhu. Kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Uthatho-nxaxheba Second World War

Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, uYuri Kondratyuk abhalisela kwi umkhosi wamajoni njengevolontiya. Waye wabhalisa kwi 2nd elihamba webutho yeCandelo we-21 kwisithili eMoscow of Kiev, Elucweyweni unxibelelwano, telephonist. Ngo-Oktobha 1941, iyunithi ngaphandle kokusingqongileyo. Emva koko Kondratiuk bakhonza kwinkampani ezidityanisiweyo we 47th elihamba webutho loMthetho oyiDivision 194th. Emva koko, yena injengele prokomvzvoda kunye ukungcola 1st nomkhosi, inxalenye ukuyilwa 2 yomkhosi 49th Koloni. Ukungqinelana nomgaqo-entry "Book of Memory" uYuri Kondratyuk (Yuriy Kondratyuk) wafa ngowe-1942, ngoFebruwari 25. Yena wangcwatyelwa kummandla Orel, kufuphi elalini. Krivtsovo.

astronautics umsunguli

Yuriy Vasilevich Kondratyuk ngexesha iminyaka umsebenzi wakhe yokusebenza livelise iimpapasho ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, kungakhathaliseki Tsiolkovskii, wakwazi baphethe indlela yokuqala lenxaki esisiseko umjukujelwa. Ngaphezu Kondratjuk wachaza zeesekethe kwinqanaba emine kwaye ngokumisela amafutha oxyhydrogen paraboloidal umlomo egumbini injini yokutsha ngendawo uvalo of nemilomo kunye nezinye nezinye. Zonke ezo watshoyo kwincwadi yakhe "Abo baya kufunda ukwakha 'ngowe-1919

iingcinga ezingundoqo

Xa umsebenzi wakhe Kondratyuk wacebisa:

1. Faka ukumelana nomoya ngexesha elekhtrons ngexabiso ngexesha kuqoqosho amafutha ukwehla.
2. Bonisa inqanawa ngexesha esemoyeni kwezinye iiplanethi ukuya komzila esiluncedo ngumntu. Kuba kwendiza yabantu uze uyibuyisele esikhululweni ukusebenzisa ufakelo elakhiwe encinane. Esi siphakamiso yaphunyezwa kwinkqubo "Apollo".
3. Sebenzisa intsimi omxhuzulane ukusuka zingagilani imizimba yasezulwini ukuba dorazgona okanye elekhtrons xa luphaphazela inkqubo elanga. Esi siphakamiso siye ngokuba "kushenxa asithandeki."

Xa iphepha efanayo Kondratiuk ingqalelo ithuba ukusebenzisa amandla elanga amandla iinkqubo ekwinqwelo kwisiphekepheke ngayo, kwakunye neendawo eliqhubeka kuzo Earth orbit izibuko ezinkulu kukhanyisa kumphezulu womhlaba.

Umsebenzi wesibini

Ngowe-1929, yena wabhala incwadi ekoyiswa indawo omncane. It Kondratiuk ucaciswa ukulandelelana kwisigaba sokuqala ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni, elichazwa umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala. Ngoko ke, incwadi entsha, umbhali ecetywayo ukwenza ubonelelo-Hewana ngaphakathi umhlaba komzila yi enomjukujelwa kunye zokudubula neenkqubo. Namhlanje, le ndlela iya kuphunyezwa ngohlobo kwezithuthi kunye imithwalo iinqanawa ezifana "Inkqubela". Kwakhona kwincwadi Kondratiuk uphando imibuzo malunga nokhuselo wobushushu of iziphekepheke ngexesha ukufuduka yabo emoyeni.

memory

Ndibeke kakhulu umgudu ukubuyisela igama ezilungileyo uYuri Kondratyuk ugxa wakhe nomzalwana-uze uyile kukucwangcisa-ofisi zabo. Lavochkin BI Romanenko. Emva umhlala wazinikela ngokupheleleyo ukuba "omncane" lobuntatheli. In memory of impumelelo ezibalaseleyo Kondratyuka wadalwa zesikhumbuzo ezininzi, izitalato ngamagama, kukhutshwa imali yokukhumbula. Ngoko ke, ezikhumbuzo ezifakwe kwi Poltava, e Komsomolsk (kwikholeji). Kwisithili Krylovskaya of the Krasnodar Territory in Art. October, museum sisikhumbuzo Kondratyuk. Ukususela ngo-1992, njengokubizwe emva naseNovosibirsk Aerospace Lyceum. In naseNovosibirsk naseKiev babe Kondratyuk isitalato. Kule yokugqibela, omnye kumakhaya yafakwa a ilitye lesikhumbuzo. E Ukraine, ngexesha kwakhona yasekwa wasebusika. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. Ngowe-1997, igama bakhe banikwa Poltava tehuniversitetu. Okwangoku, oko Technical Institute National. Yu. V. Kondratyuka. Ngowe-1970, igama lakhe yenye yimingxuma kwicala elingemva iNyanga igama. Xa ikomkhulu Russia - Moscow - langoku str. Kondratyuk, eyinxenye ye ezintsonkothileyo lwangaphakathi-sites abekelwe ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. De 1965, eli isitrato ngokuba lane 2 Novoostankinsky. Ngowe-1997, kwi Ukraine isampuli coin wentlokoma yakhutshwa, kwaye ngo-2007 - izitampu ezimbini yeposi kunye negama Kondratyuk. Street, lunikezelwa inani kwimemori, nayo Rubtsovsk. Nantsi yenye iinkampani lidala processing kunye nokugcinwa kweemveliso okuziinkozo. Kameň-na-Obi - isixeko yakhiwa edume "Mastodon", - kukho street Kondratyuk. On the chibi wazakhela isikhumbuzo wokuwonga elaa umyili. Ngo-2012, June 21, i-injini yokukhangela "Google" logo kuyixhoma imbeko of Kondratyuk. Ngowe-2014, ngo-Oktobha 18, inani zenzululwazi obalaseleyo ingcibi ekwavunyelwana Alamogordo kwi igalari udumo ngamazwe. E Orel, kwiSithili Bolhovskom, kuloo mmandla yesikhumbuzo kufuphi elalini wamisa uphawu sisikhumbuzo Krivtsovo Kondratyuk, okuthiwa wafa apha ngexesha wegazi amadabi iMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

isiphelo

Phezu kwayo ngaphambili ngokwanelisayo anti-eSoviet, uYuri Kondratyuk wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso cosmonautics Russian, ubunjineli, ukwakhiwa kunye namanye amacandelo achaphazelekayo lizwe. iincwadi zakhe ziye izicelo ngokubanzi esebenzayo kungekuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya. Ngelishwa, kwakungekho mathuba enjalo ekufezekisweni amandla enobuchule nakwisayensi kule minyaka pre-imfazwe. Kodwa Kondratyuk wakwazi ukwakha ezininzi iiprojekthi ukuba wenza ifuthe kwimbali lizwe. Oku azakubalulwa ingqondo eliphilileyo, unamandla amakhulu, isimo sengqondo esinzulu yonk 'into ayenzayo. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa ekubuyiselweni ukukhunjulwa yaba umsebenzi Romanenko. Kakhulu ngenxa yakhe yaziwe izibakala ezininzi buqu Kondratyuk. Romanenko wapapasha incwadi elungiselelwe ubomi kunye nomsebenzi asebenza lakhe elizukileyo kunye nomntakwabo-mkhosi. Ukuba akunjalo lokufa kwakhe kweli dabi kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, kungenzeka ihlabathi ukufunda ngezinto ezintsha neempumelelo Yuriya Vasilevicha Kondratyuka. Uninzi lokuyiphuhlisa kunye lusetyenziswa ngalo mzuzu.