Scott fitzgerald: ibhayografi kunye nobuchule

baphila njani yena wasebenza Frensis Skott Fitsdzherald? Book umbhali zininzi izinto esifana ngazo kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi, ukunyuka brilliant and esibuhlungu ngokwenene yenza kubonakale ngathi iqhawe omnye iinoveli "The Age Jazz".

Esakhula

Frensis Skott Fitsdzherald wazalwa ngo-1896 kwisixeko yaseSt Paul State Minnesota. Abazali bakhe usomashishini aziphumelelanga evela Maryland kunye intombi osisityebi ex-ubhambatha. Kwakukho usapho ngenxa ubukhulu becala mali evela kubazali osisityebi kunina. Umbhali elizayo wafunda kule akhademi isixeko zakowabo, ngoko kwisikolo yamaKatolika yabucala New Jersey kwaye eYunivesithi yasePrinceton.

Impumelelo academic F. Scott fitzgerald wayengenamdla. ingqalelo yale yunivesithi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kwatsala iqela lebhola elungileyo kunye club, "Triangle", apho badibana abafundi amkhanuke yeqonga.

Ngenxa nokuqhuba kakubi, umbhali elizayo bafunda hayi ezintandathu. Wayishiya esikolweni, uthe izigulane, yaye kamva ngokuzithandela umkhosi. Njengoko i umncedisi obhinqileyo ukuya Jikelele George. A. Ryan, uFrancis wenza umsebenzi mkhosi, kodwa esibhedlele ngo-1919.

Impumelelo lokuqala

Olunjani lomntu Scott fitzgerald? Biography of umbhali uba umdla ingakumbi xa lidibana umfazi wakhe elizayo Zelda Sayre. Waya evela intsapho anempembelelo kwaye esisityebi yaye yaba nomtshakazi umona. Noko ke, abazali bayo babethe nxamnye umtshato kunye nentombi umkhosi yangaphambili. Beze emsithweni kwenzeka, lo mfana kwafuneka ukuba ngeenyawo lwabo kwaye kufuneka babe eqondile yengeniso.

Emva ekubhobhozeni kwakhe emkhosini, Scott fitzgerald waya eNew York waza waqalisa ukusebenza i-arhente zeentengiso. Yena angazishiyi iphupha ukwenza ukubhala ophilayo ngenkuthalo ithumela wesandla abavakalisi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa saliwe yi. Ngokunzulu series ezingancumisiyo yeentsilelo, umbhali ubuyela kwindlu yabazali bakhe azifihle ukutshintshwa inoveli, eyabhalwa naxa emkhosini.

Le inoveli, "Romantic Egoist", kokulahlwa umvakalisi ukuba ukusilela ngokupheleleyo, kodwa isicelo ukwenza utshintsho. Ngowe-1920 wapapasha incwadi yokuqala fitzgerald ebizwa "Lo ezibucala ze eParadesi", nto leyo luhlaziyiweyo "egoist yothando". Roman ufumana ithandwa kakhulu kwaye phambi umbhali ivula iingcango bonke abashicileli. impumelelo Financial kwenza kube lula ukuba atshate UZelda.

Le bemilingo wozuko

Scott fitzgerald angena lemfundo ngathi inkanyamba. "Beautiful and bagwetywe", inoveli yakhe yesibini, ngowe-1922, wadala yezigcawu waza waba ethengwa. Ingqokelela amabali amafutshane, "The Libertines kunye Philosophy" (1920) kunye 'ezimnandi zika Iminyaka of Jazz "(1922) banceda ukuba bahlale ngaphezulu. Wazakhela amanqaku umbhali amaphephancwadi fashion kunye namaphephandaba yaye omnye wababhali ahlawulwe eliphezulu ixesha.

Francis UZelda

"Age of Jazz" - oko kukuthi igama elinikiweyo ukuya kumashumi amabini ngesandla ukukhanya zombhali. Ke Francis ne UZelda waba ngukumkani kunye ukumkanikazi eli xesha. Imali kunye nodumo nje Wawela ngaxesha lithile, namadodana namadoda ngokukhawuleza yaba oonobumba rhoqo ukuhleba.

Esi sibini njalo wothuswa uluntu ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe ome. Xa ngobomi babo ngokwaneleyo izenzo ukuba elide akazange kuhla ukusuka kumaphepha-ndaba kunye kuxoxwe ngamandla. Kanye le venkile UZelda zipeyintwe peonies kwi ngendlela engalawulwayo kunye benza imizobo abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Lo mcimbi sele isihloko incoko zentlalo ixesha elide. Kodwa kukho izizathu kunye kakhulu ngakumbi. Umzekelo, isibini itshayelwe nge EManhattan phezu kophahla iteksi.

Luphawu kuxoxwe kwaye zanyamalala obufihlakeleyo sibini iintsuku-4. Kwafumaniseka enxila a motel cheap, yaye akukho namnye unako ukukhumbula ukuba yindlela apho. Xa iphambili "enyundululu" Francis Ububahluba abaze. UZelda esidlangalaleni sasihlambela emthonjeni.

Abanxilileyo Scott fitzgerald kufuna ukuba siphume window njengoko incwadi enkulu sele kwathiwa - "Ulysses" uJames Joyce. UZelda indulumbane esidlangalaleni waya stairwell kwindawo yokutyela, iqabane nobukhwele ukuya Isadora Duncan. Ngenxa lamaqhinga efanayo intsapho waba ngundaba-mlonyeni, ukuba kuthiwa, bathi banconywe.

Europe

Ekubeni yokuphila enjalo fitzgerald ayikwazanga ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Couple bathengisa indlu yabo ngo-1924 bafudukela France uya kuhlala apho de 1930. I Riviera ngo-1925 Francis akugqiba inoveli yakhe egqibeleleyo "The Great Gatsby", nto leyo namhlanje ingqalelo enye yobuciko ezakudala yaseMelika. Ngo-1926 kuza yingqokelela yamabali kunye "Onke amadoda abaselula ezibuhlungu."

Ukususela ngowe-1925 eqalisa ukuyisonga yobomi zombhali. Yena uya kakubi enyundululu utywala kwaye ndixinezelekile. ukuziphatha UZelda kaThixo kuba ngokuya engaqhelekanga, yenzeka clouding ingqondo yakhe. Ukususela ngowe-1930 yena uphathwa ukuba sengqondo kwiiklinikhi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa umphumo uba cha.

Hollywood

Ngowe-1934 Scott fitzgerald ipapasha inoveli "yeThenda Ngaba Night," kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba impumelelo. Emva koko ke umbhali aye Hollywood. Yena edidekile yaye ndinganelisekanga kunye naye, ukuze apho wayichitha kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, kwetalente. Umbhali usebenza ngumbhali labucala kwaye izama ukufumana imali eyaneleyo ukuze nentombi yakhe kunye nokugcinwa ukunyanga umfazi wakhe. Ngo-1939 waqalisa ukubhala inoveli yakhe yakutshanje ngobomi Hollywood, ukuba akayi kuba nako ukugqiba.

Ngowe-1940, kwiminyaka 44 oneminyaka, uFrancis uyafa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. imali yakhe kulingana ngokwaneleyo Ukugrunjwa omngcwabo. UZelda uyafa kwisibhedlele ngengqondo iminyaka elithoba kamva ngenxa yomlilo.

Emva kokufa kwakhe inoveli yakhe yokugqibela engagqitywanga yapapashwa, kunye nomsebenzi ngaphambili mbalwa. Fitzgerald ibonwa Classic iincwadi, leyo ochazwe ngokugqibeleleyo ixesha lakhe, "Age of Jazz".

iinoveli

"Lo Macala eParadesi" - incwadi malunga ekufumaneni ngokwakho. Ophambili uhamba indlela, ukuphindaphinda ebomini fitzgerald, uqeqesho olufutshane Princeton, bakhonza emkhosini, yokuhlangana intombazana, lowo wayengakwazi angatshati ngenxa yobuhlwempu.

Le ncwadi "Beautiful and bagwetywe" isixelela nto kobomi ezitshatileyo, kwaye kwakhona umbhali ibhekisela kumava obomi bakhe. "Sisisizukulwana esilahlekileyo" - abantwana neentsapho esisityebi abangenako abazifumana kunye nenjongo kwaye baphile ubomi bengasebenzi.

"I Enkulu Gatsby" akukho zaye zasasazeka ngexesha ebomini zombhali, le inoveli noku kuphela ngamahlanu. Le ncwadi ibalisa ukuba unyana ka umlimi ihlwempu uthandana nentombi amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu. Ukuze azuze intliziyo ezintle, Gatsby wamkela imali eninzi kwaye uhlala ebumelwaneni intanda yakhe kunye nomyeni wakhe, yaye ukungena isangqa zabo, acwangcise amaqela ebizayo. Le ncwadi ichaza ubomi yesityebi ngokweenkcukacha kwi "kwalahlwa" kwaye ukuwa yokuziphatha. It is kuluntu enjalo kwake Frensis Skott Fitsdzherald. Abahlalutyi wabeka incwadi phezu kwindawo yesibini phakathi iinoveli best IsiNgesi-ngolwimi zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Njengezinye amabali, "yeThenda Ngaba Night", nangona oko akuthethi phinda, kodwa zininzi izinto esifana ngazo ebomini zombhali. Ophambili, lwengqondo, ukutshata nomonde yakhe kwintsapho esisityebi. Bahlala kwi emdeni lolwandle, apho umntu kufuneka ukudibanisa indima indoda kunye nendima gqirha.

"Le Tycoon Last" imalunga ihlabathi cinema yaseMelika. Le ncwadi ayikagqitywa.