"Scud" - irula esibulalayo ithi kunye abanqolobi?

ESoviet izikhali ballistic, adopted inkonzo kwasekuqaleni njengoko ngamahlanu, umyalelo bakhathazekile kwaye inkokheli zopolitiko kumazwe Western namhlanje. sele kudlule amashumi eminyaka, kumaziko yokuqalisa elide ukususela uthabathe indawo kwezinye iinkqubo, mihla ngakumbi, ezintsha kunye namajelo kuqhubeka akhankanye igama elithi "Scud".

Irula R-11 "Elbrus" uqala ngempumelelo ngowe-1953, imikhosi Soviet exhobileyo elufumene ngo-1957. Ngemilinganiselo namhlanje, yinto isixhobo elula kakhulu, inxenye iintloko abazahluli, izixhobo ulawulo ibekwe phakathi oxidizer kunye namafutha kwiitanki. Ukuchaneka contact ompofu, nto leyo inxenye uyahlawulwa neziqhushumbisi intlawulo enamandla kwaye ukuba amafutha emoto isigodo ukwenza isiphumo umxhelo olongezelelweyo.

Kungekudala ezi zixhobo sele ifumene uphawu lwe SS-1, NATO, okanye "Scud". Umjukujelwa sindise kumazwe ukuba Ekuveleni 50 kunye 60s kwakusithiwa nobubele kwaye sethi. Iran, Iraq, iYiputa, North Korea, eSiriya, Libya, ukufumana ezintsha ngexesha izixhobo ziye abanini ukuxambulisana ezinzima iimbambano kunye nabamelwane balo. Zombini Yemen (North and South) wadubula enye Soviet P-17 kunye P-11. Ngaphezu koko, abasebenzi ubunjineli, xa uqeqesho njengoko uninzi kwiiyunivesithi Soviet, ndiqalile kwanokuphucula, ukuphucula zicinge yokulungiselela imveliso iisampuli ezifanayo yakhe.

Yintoni ezimbi obudala yaye abangafezekanga "Scud"? Irula iye uthandwa kangaka kumazwe abangenawo amandla aphezulu lobunzululwazi nobugcisa ngenxa yezizathu ezibini eziphambili.

Eyokuqala kwezi uphawu yonke eSoviet elula izixhobo ukulwa nokuthembeka. Ukuze siqonde izixhobo kwiindibano eziphambili ukuba isizwe North Korea kunye amaKomanisi zinjalo Iranian kunye umYiputa. Kodwa hayi ngenxa yesi sizathu kubaluleke.

Bambalwa kakhulu kwihlabathi ngezikhali mihla eyayiza kuba uzifihle njengoko "Scud". Umjukujelwa okwenzelwa eqongeni, bakufumana kunzima, yaye kunzima ngakumbi ukuba phantsi. Ebudeni "Operation Desert Storm" nangona ukukhonya olungathethekiyo moya US Air Force, abazange bakwazi kutshabalalisa ihlabathi kuyo nayiphi na enye izindululi. Kwi imeko iimbalelwano i bekulungile ngaphezu ekujoliswe eziphaphazelayo, kodwa hayi kakhulu. Izakhiwo "ngokuthanda uhlanga" bekhathazekile zonke enomjukujelwa yesihlanu, abanye baya cordons enomjukujelwa wakwaSirayeli, Saudi Arabia kunye Bahrain. indlela esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kutshatyalaliswe "Scud" alibhekiseli ezikhona.

Ukuze sizuze technology enomjukujelwa zithande kuphela ithi ezikhohlakele ezithi ukhokelo yengingqi, kodwa imibutho kwabanqolobi. Emva kokuba ukurhoxiswa amajoni Soviet ukusuka Afghanistan, imikhosi karhulumente weli lizwe bafumene izakhiwo eziliqela "Elbrus". I Taliban wasebenzisa esi sixhobo. Isiphelo sakhe ayaziwa, kodwa yaziwa gun yaseChekhov kaThixo, R-17 enomjukujelwa unako agxothwe kanye. Kukweliphi ilizwe Kuza kwenzeka ntoni, ngubani oza cinezela iqhosha "ekuqaleni": separatists nokusungula, Al-Qaeda karma okanye mujahideen Afghanistan?

Ukusetyenziswa yomkhosi Russian ngasekhohlo "Scud" kunye sibhubhe ezikhabhathini ngexesha silwa Chechnya wabonisa ukuthembeka olukhulu ubugcisa endala Soviet. Akubangakho ukusilela elinye.