Sea Commercial Port of Mariupol: inkcazelo, iimpawu kunye nohlolo

Ukufikelela kwi elwandle kubalulekile ukuba naliphi na ilizwe, kuba umzila - umsebenzi omkhulu, ezoqoqosho kunye namathuba ezopolitiko. Mariupol trading ulwandle kwizibuko Mariupol yinto kwiziko loluntu ebalulekileyo Ukraine. imbali yayo kunye nophuhliso umdla zoluntu. Siza kuthetha malunga nokudala indlela izibuko yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo namhlanje.

indawo okuyo

Esi sixeko kunye izibuko Mariupol eziphezu kunxweme loLwandle Azov, emantla-ntshona inxalenye kwiNyoba saseTaganrog. Izibuko ibekwe 14 km ukusuka emnyango ukuya bay, oko elawulwayo kokwabo kummandla IDonetsk of Ukraine kwaye yenye kumazibuko ezine ezinkulu karhulumente. Mariupol kunxweme liphuma ku-68 eemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, isiqabu kwaloo mmandla ikakhulu tyaba. indawo iyonke Esi sixeko - 166 square metres. km kwaye 0,67 square metres. km ithatha kwizibuko Mariupol.

sezulu

Mariupol port e kwindawo zokumodareyitha imozulu lizwekazi. sezulu Local uyakwalela kakhulu ukumanyana koLwandle Azov. Ubusika nehlobo elishushu, zifumile yaye elifutshane elide, zibukele, ngokoma. Kwixesha efudumeleyo esilawulwa, iintsuku ecacileyo enelanga, lonke konyaka ilanga likhanya iiyure 2340. yemvula kwingingqi azikho baninzi kakhulu (420 mm), ngenxa yokuba ehlotyeni kukho imvula encinane. Loo sezulu ivumela yokutyala ezahlukeneyo imifuno ubushushu-bothando kunye neziqhamo. Kodwa ke isixeko kunye namadlelo kakuhle kubonelelwa ngamanzi. Miqulu Kalmius ayanelanga ukuba yokugubungela iimfuno ezikhoyo emanzini aphilileyo, ngoko indawo ndawo wadala eziliqela imithombo ngumntu. lobushushu ngonyaka Umyinge yi Mariupol kunye degrees 13.5. ubushushu Winter iwela 2.1 degrees thabatha. Ingoda kuneqabaka ukuya degrees 10-15. Ehlotyeni, kobushushu sigcinwe kufuphi degrees-23, kodwa ke ubushushu enyuke aye ukuya kutsho kwisi-35. Ulwandle kwingingqi Mariupol komndilili ehlotyeni itshiswa ukuya 24-26 degrees Celsius. Ebusika, ingakumbi ngoJanuwari noFebruwari, amanzi ayaphola phantsi ngamandla, ngamanye amaxesha kwakheka kwi kumphezulu uqweqwe aqumbe.

History of the dolophu

Ilizwe apho namhlanje elichweba elwandle Mariupol, kudala kumiwa hi vanhu. indawo evumelana kufuphi nomlambo kunye ulwandle le ndawo ubomi inzuzo. Sasihlala apha izizwe ezininzi yamandulo ukususela kwinkulungwane 10 amazwe phantsi kolawulo Kievan Rus. Ngowe-1223 kwabakho yayingeyiyo Battle of the Kalka River phakathi Russian kunye Polovtsy kunye Tatar-Mongol umkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, abantu baseRashiya amandulo oyisiwe, kwaye umhlaba liyagungqa ixesha elide phantsi kolawulo AmaTatar, nanko kamva kwasekwa Krymskoe Hanstvo. abahlali Aboriginal, abalimi owayebaleke abahlaseli, baba lusungulo Cossacks. Kwiinkulungwane 16-18, ahlala apha Zaporozhye Cossacks, ababesakha iinqaba udonga lokuzikhusela kuhlaselo ye iCrimea nangezinto. Nangona kunjalo, esi sixeko kanye Mariupol ukulanda imbali yayo ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18 (1778), xa nqaba yakhiwa Church of St Nicholas wabekwa ngaphandle kwembambano, ekuqaleni abathwele igama Pavlovsk.

Ngowe-1779, ngokomyalelo uKumkanikazi uCatherine II isixeko Mariupol yamiselwa apha, nto leyo wayalelwa ukuba kuthuthwe Greek Orthodox, leyo kwathathwa ukusuka kummandla iCrimea Khanate. Abafuduki wamnika amalungelo akhethekileyo kunye namalungelo emhlabeni. Ngowe-1780, isixeko ngokusesikweni wafumana igama Mariupol. AmaGrike imiselwe ku zokwakha esebenzayo. waqala Isixeko ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Xa eCrimea yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya, inxalenye owayesakuba bebefudukela babuyela kwilizwe lawo, kunye nemihlaba yabo weva kwakhona ezayo abahlali. Ngoko ke yamaJuda eJamani, kweza ezininzi Cossacks ezamahala ayephinde amaYuda babhaptizwa yasekwa. City kwabaluleka ngeentlanga. Zonke hlanga bafumana ngokwayo ishishini niche, yaye oku kube negalelo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho olukhawulezayo kulo mmandla. A umfutho esinamandla ekukhuleni mzi wanika ukwakhiwa uyezibuko. Kwi-19 - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 e-Mariupol ekwakheni imizila yoololiwe, isityalo inkulu metallurgical, okwandisa port. Kumaxesha Soviet, umzi iyaqhubeka ngokukhula, nangona wayengakwazi ukuphepha iilahleko ezibuhlungu ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngemva kokuwa USSR Mariupol yaba yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kwizibuko emizini Ukraine kwaye namhlanje iyaqhubeka ukusebenza kuba zonke izinto ezilungileyo zelizwe kunye nabantu.

Imbali uyezibuko

Ngowe-1886, waqala ukwakhiwa kwizibuko Mariupol, obeyindoda nokuqhubekeka ubhalo-nkqubo karhulumente IsiRashiya ukuya ukuphuhlisa angasezantsi lizwe kunye nokudala amathuba amatsha zorhwebo. Iminyaka emithathu abasebenzi baye nzulu izibuko ukuba sicatshulwa leenqanawa enzima wakha ezithintelo zeenqanawa, zoqalo, ogu. Ngowe-1889, ukuvulwa ezukileyo uyezibuko. Ngqalo yokuthuthwa rhoqo amalahle kwimigodi IDonetsk. Emva koko, eli zibuko yaqala ukufika iimpahla kumazwe angaphandle ukuba ukutshintshisa. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, yena yala maxesha ke wakhula, ajike abe elalikade mihla.

Iimpawu ze Mariupol port

Kukhuphiswano phakathi amazibuko lokuzuza abo ingaphatha iinqanawa naluphi na uhlobo - kwaye oku Mariupol. Izibuko inokuthatha izitya unyaka wonke phantse nasiphi na amandla umthwalo-ukuthwala, yaye oku inzuzo yalo engenakuphikwa phezu kumazibuko ezininzi kuLwandle Azov. Mariupol lixhotyiswe iinkqubo ezizodwa ukujongana ice deck usebenzisa icebreakers. Oku kukuvumela ukuba sikhonze iinqanawa unyaka wonke. Izibuko nokucwangcisa zonke iintlobo zonxibelelwano kunye nqanawa, kuquka satellite. Iimeko yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba ungene enkundleni kunye idrafti yeemitha ukuya ku-8, zize ezona zininzi leemitha 240. Kuba ngokubeka impahla kwi zibuko zixhotyiswe phantse 12 amawaka square metres. m egqubuthele izitora 240 amawaka square. kwiindawo ezivulekileyo m. Mariupol ezinxulumene kumazibuko ngaphezu kwama-150 kulo lonke ihlabathi.

lunye port

Mariupol port inokuthatha iinqanawa ethwele ukuya amawaka 10 iitoni, iinqanawa isikhongozelo, iziphathi isambuku zokuthuthwa amalahle. Isikakhulu ke esinxibelelana machweba xhaxhe ulwandle olubomvu, inkqubo iVolga-Don, eMpuma Afrika kunye nePersian Gulf. Port Mariupol ngugqirha ukwamkelwa okuziinkozo, uluhlu impahla iqhekeza, esikrwada, coke, amalahle, izixhobo zokwakha, imibhobho yesinyithi, izikhongozeli ukutya, petroleum, enzima kunye nezixhobo oversized.

Imeko yangoku uyezibuko

Namhlanje kwizibuko Mariupol yenye isango inkulu elwandle Ukraine. Kunyaka kucanda kulo ngaphezu kwezigidi 17 iitoni imithwalo, kwaye eli nani luyanda minyaka yonke. Izibuko shishini ebalulekileyo kwisixeko Mariupol, aze anike lizwe ekungeneni endilisekileyo uthotho imali yelinye ilizwe. Inxalenye ingeniso uhlala mayibhekiswe langoku kunye nokuphuculwa lweshishini. Izibuko ibonelelwe izixhobo zale mihla. Oku kukuvumela ukuba indawo iinqanawa kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu. Izibuko elwandle Mariupol summary ekusebenzeni rhoqo iliso intanethi, Service Pilot iqinisekisa tracking enokuthenjwa iinqanawa kunye neenkonzo ukothula kunye namalungiselelo kuvumela ngokukhawuleza kwaye aqinisekiswe lokuzisa iimpahla kule dilesi olifunayo okanye warehouses ukwenzela ukugcinwa.

port Museum

Iminyaka emininzi izibuko sele efunde ixesha elininzi amaxwebhu umdla ezinqabileyo. Kuba odolwa kunye nokugcinwa olu lwazi luxabiseke kangaka kudalwe yi-Museum of Mariupol trading ulwandle yezibuko (Mariupol). Ngo-2012, u rhurhele, kwisakhiwo esitsha mihla. Kwiiholo ezimbini lwembali, iindwendwe bafunde imbali yokusekwa nophuhliso uyezibuko. Apha ungabona kwakhona iifoto Harbour abasebenzi, ubeko lwe nommandla wayo, iimephu indlela esithathwe yi ziinkundla.

Izimvo abahlali kunye namaqabane

Izibuko ufumana minyaka inani elikhulu iinqanawa kunye nabasebenzi babo uhlala esabela kakuhle umsebenzi abaqeshwa balo. Abahlali balo mzi abanombono ngolo yokwenene uyezibuko. Basoloko ukulungele ukuthetha ngento inkundla kuza kunxweme isixeko ndithi amavo zasezidolophini ngale sityalo. Inani elikhulu abahlali abaqeshwe yi izibuko, kwaye bethetha ngayo kwindawo yabo yomsebenzi kuphela ukukhukhumala.