-Slip Limited umehluko: ukuba isebenza njani?

Igama elithi "lock" okanye "-slip limited umehluko" (samoblok), eviwe abaqhubi beemoto ezininzi, kodwa njani inkqubo ikhangeleka ngathi nokwenza, kuphela wazi ezimbalwa. Ukuba phambi kwalowo "ukhetho" automakers baxhobise kakhulu SUV, ngoku ingafunyanwa kwaye imoto umzi. Ukongeza, kaninzi abanini zezithuthi hhayi ifakwe samoblokami, eqonda iingenelo bathe, uzifakelele ngokwakho.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba bajongane imisebenzi yesiliphu umahluko elinganiselweyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo ngaphandle uvimba.

Yintoni umahluko

Zahlula (diff) ngokufanelekileyo kuthathwa njengomnye izinto eziphambili yoyilo isithuthi drivetrain. Ngayo, kukho ugqithiselo, utshintsho kunye nokusasazwa torque injini ofakwe phakathi iperi yabathengi: amavili isendaweni eyodwa ezimanyeneyo umatshini okanye phakathi asi yayo. Ngaphezu koko amandla bahambisa amandla flow inokuba nomahluko xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye kungoko isantya yamavili - ezahlukeneyo.

Ukudluliselwa isithuthi umahluko zingasetwa: a izindlu bakhulise asi, CAT kunye kwimeko wotshintsho, kuxhomekeka kwisixhobo drive (s).

Ezo diffs, nto leyo zifakwe kwi ibhulorho okanye PPC, ekuthiwa interwheel, kwaye ifumaneka phakathi nezamazembe kumatshini, ngokulandelelana - Bezae.

injongo umehluko

Njengoko waziwa kakuhle, imoto ngoxa uqhuba lenza odla ezahlukeneyo: amathuba, isakha, likufikela, njl Kwakhona, umphezulu wendlela ibe Izitenxo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amavili isithuthi ngokuxhomekeke meko, kwenye kunye nexesha efanayo .. Kwathi imigama ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, xa cornering, ukuba isantya kweevili kwi asi iya kuba kuso, omnye wabo uya entla isiliphu, nto leyo ukuguga olukhawulezisiweyo amavili. Kodwa oku kwanezincomekayo. mandundu kakhulu kukuba isithuthi lifinyele kakhulu ekusingatheni.

Loo nto ukusombulula iingxaki ezinjalo uze unyuke ne - indlela eya emi- amandla evela injini, phakathi iiasi isithuthi ngokungqinelana ixabiso uxhathiso onenombolo: i ezincinane ke, isantya olukhulu ivili, kwaye vice versa.

umahluko

Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ezininzi diff, ibe ifowni kunokuba nzima. Noko ke, lo mgaqo umsebenzi ofanayo xa iyonke, oko kuya kuba lula ukuqonda ukuba siqwalasele uhlobo elula ngoko - kukho umahluko evulekileyo, equka oku kulandelayo:

1. Gears zixhonywe kwizikhondo asi.
2. Driven (isanqa) nezixhobo, elapho ikhowuni thumbanails.
3. Pinion fixed ekupheleni shaft drive, leyo kunye khonkcweni Iifomu ukosuleleka engundoqo. Ekubeni gear eqhutywa mkhulu elikhokelayo, imibutho yabasebenzi iza kwenza kufuneka ukuba wenze ambalwa malunga axis yayo phambi kokuba sithsaba senziwe nje omnye. Ngoko ke, ababini ezi nkalo umahluko kunciphisa umlinganiselo wamandla (speed), nto leyo ekugqibeleni ufikelela iivili.
4. Satellites, okwakha indlela gear iplanethi odlala indima engundoqo ekunikeni umahluko oluyimfuneko ngesantya yevili.
5. Izindlu.

wenza njani umahluko

Ngexesha ngqo uqhuba semi-axis yakhe, nto leyo ithetha ukuba amavili ajikeleza ngesantya esifanayo shaft drive gear yayo helical. Kodwa xa ku umthwalo kwivili ajike abe ezahlukeneyo (namnye kubo uzama ukujija ngokukhawuleza), yaye ngenxa lo mahluko satellites uxolelwa. Ngoku, amandla injini idlula kubo, kwakunye iperi-Hewana - ezahlukeneyo nezixhobo ezimbini, ezizimeleyo, ngoko zidlulele semiaxes ezahlukeneyo zesantya inkulu. Ngenxa yoko, amandla eyenziwe injini isasazwa phakathi kweevili ezijikelezayo, kodwa bengaphuhlanga ngokulinganayo, yaye ngokuxhomekeke umthwalo ukuyanelisa: oko ezinambuzelayo radius elingaphandle, amava ngaphantsi ukumelana lothuli, ngoko ke umahluko adlulisele amandla ngakumbi kuye, ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza.

Umahluko yindlela umnqamlezo-asi kunye umehluko phakathi-asi, kukho: umgaqo usebenzo efanayo, kuphela kwimeko yokuqala, ukusasazwa torque sibhekiswe ukuba ezimanyeneyo isithuthi, ngelixa yesibini - namasondo ayo asi enye.

Imfuneko yokuba umehluko interaxle uba oqaphelekayo ingakumbi ngexesha intshukumo ye kumatshini kwi ezimbi xa ubunzima bayo uyayicinizela kwi-asi, nto leyo ngaphantsi kunenye, umzekelo, phezulu okanye ezantsi.

ingxaki umehluko

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umahluko ngokuqinisekileyo uya kudlala indima enkulu kakhulu kuyilo imoto, umsebenzi wakhe ngamanye amaxesha kudala iingxaki ukuba umqhubi. Oko kukuthi, xa ivili enye phezu icandelo yendlela emtyibilizi (ubumdaka, umkhenkce okanye ikhephu), omnye kubekwe phezu nzima kwibala, eqalisa ukuba umthwalo ukwanda, diff uzama ukulungisa oku, i-injini nokujikwa amandla kwevili ehambayo. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba kuya kuba ujikeleziso eliphezulu, lo gama enye, ukuba abambelele ngokuqinileyo emhlabeni, nje ishiyeke izinzile.

lock Yiloo nto ukuba isisombululo kwezi ngxaki kwemoto (khubaza) umahluko.

Bavimba umgaqo neentlobo zayo

Qonda imigaqo umahluko, sinokugqiba ukuba xa ukuvimba oko, iya kwandisa torque kwivili okanye asi ene okumbophelela engcono. Oku kungenziwa xa udibanisa kunye umzimba omnye semi-nemigca enqamleze, okanye ayeke njengokujikeleza satellite.

I lock ingaba ngokupheleleyo - njengenxalenye umahluko oxhulumene emibonweni. Oku ngokubanzi kwenziwa le nja clutch kwaye ilawulwa yi umqhubi ngokusebenzisa actuator ekhethekileyo evela elorini kwisithuthi. Okanye ke inokuba buso, apho meko amavili isasazeka iinzame alinganiselwe - ngoko likwaqhuba umahluko-iziliphu elinganiselweyo, ukuba loluphi ukubandakanyeka kwabantu.

Njani umahluko-isiliphu limited

Self-itshixa umehluko Luyimfuneko ibonisa kwizibhambathiso phakathi kwibhloko iyonke kunye ezamahala Diffie kwaye kunciphisa isiliphu kweevili kumatshini xa kuthe umahluko phakathi kwabo 'ngumlingani kokubonisa phantsi. Ngenxa yoko, ngcono kakhulu okugqiba, ngaphandle kwendlela yokuphatha, kunye ukukhawulezisa olutshintshayo imoto, nokuba umgangatho wendlela.

Samoblok akubandakanyi lock ivili ngokupheleleyo ekhusela isiqingatha-umgca imithwalo ezibalulekileyo ezinokuthi zenzeke kule nomahluko kunye ngokucima okunyanzelweyo.

Tshixa amatikiti achazayo wesiqingatha-ngokuzenzekelayo kwakhona ukuba isindululo rectilinear isantya yevili endaweni ephantsi.

Eyona eziqhelekileyo iindidi samoblokov

Disc samoblok - iseti kunobunye (ngokukhuhla) lwe- enyusiweyo phakathi Diffie kwezindlu kunye amagiya icala.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba isebenza njani na i-unit umahluko, kulula: njengoko umatshini ehamba kumgca othe ngqo, i-Diffie izindlu kunye semiaxes ezimbini olephuzayo kunye kamsinya nje kukho umahluko ngezantya ukujikeleza (ivili bangena isabelo emtyibilizi) phakathi kwi diski zochuku kwenzeka, kunciphisa nto. Oko kukuthi, ivili eseleyo emhlabeni nzima, kuza kuqhubeka ajikeleza akayi ayeke, njengoko kwimeko umehluko free.

nokuhlangana Viscous, okanye nokuhlangana ngenye viscous, kwakunye diff elidlulileyo iqulethe ezimbini iseti idiskhi, kuphela eli xesha egqojozwe Kwasekwa phakathi kwabo isikhewu encinane. Enye kwi diski uye nkqi kunye izindlu, enye - kunye drive shaft.

I-compact babekwa kwisingxobo ezaliswe abicah fluid, nalapho ujikelezo uniform yayo kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Xa inter-ipakethe livela umahluko isantya, ulwelo uqalisa izokhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Phakathi imiphezulu tubing kuvela ukuxhathisa. Ngoko iphakheji untwist kakhulu braked kunye ubucotha ukujikele- ezihambelana.

A gear (helical, umbungu) samoblok. umsebenzi yakhe zisekelwe ekukwazini kanja isibini ndingumbungu, ngokwenjenjalo asithe, nakwisiqingatha umgca xa kuthe kwabo umahluko torque.

Cam samoblok. Ukuze siqonde indlela umahluko lohlobo niyinikele umahluko evulekileyo ngokwaneleyo, apho endaweni indlela gear langa enyusiweyo amagiya (cam) ye sibini. Le cams zijikeleziswe (jump) xa ngezantya ivili ifana twatse kwaye itshixiwe emibonweni (exineke) ngokukhawuleza njengoko abathile kubo iqala kwatyibilika.

Umahluko indlela lock kwiziko cross-asi, akukho - msebenzi kuyafana, ezahlukeneyo kuphela amanqaku okugqibela kwimeko yokuqala - i iibhulorho ezimbini, elinesibini - amavili amabini zixhonywe esqwini efanayo.

Patriotic "Niva" kunye nomahluko yayo

Kumnombo lwasekhaya Vaz "Niva" has indawo ekhethekileyo: ngokuchaseneyo "izalamane 'zabo ibhanti yokuthutha, lo matshini kufakwa drive-wheel mane zicinywe.

Xa SUV transmission vazovskaya ezintathu umehluko: cross-asi - in ibhulorho nganye, kwaye interaxle - in razdatke. Nangona abantu abaninzi kangaka, ukuba baqonde kwakhona indlela yokusebenzisa nomahluko kwi "kwifama", ayikho imfuneko. Zonke ngendlela efanayo njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. Oko kukuthi, ngelixa intshukumo ethe ngqo kumatshini, xa kungekho probuksovok enamavili, imoto phakathi ngokulinganayo isasazwe kwaye ixabiso efanayo. Xa ezinye amavili iqalisa isiliphu, yonke eneji ye-injini, acandacanda diffs, uthunyelwa kule kwevili.

Kumise ukwehluka "Niva"

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe malunga nendlela asebenza ngayo lock kwi "kwifama", kufuneka uqaphele enye into, oko kukuthi ukucacisa imisebenzi ngaphambili (elincinane) yokusingatha ityala transfer.

Abanye abaqhubi bakholelwa ukuba ngoncedo umatshini ivuliwe drive front-wheel - ukuba akunjalo; ngaphambili kunye drive lingena-wheel kwi "Niva" ebesoloko inxaxheba, yaye le usiba ikhutshwa phandle okuprintiweyo ulawulo umahluko. Oko kukuthi, de efakwe kwi "phambili" indawo, umahluko isebenza ngesiqhelo, kwaye xa "emva" - abakhubazekileyo.

Ngoku ngqo kwi uvimba: xa kokucima imiphini ityala transfer umahluko phakathi izingxobo sivalwe, ngaleyo ngenkani esalo ngesantya sabo ujikelezo, ngamanye ngesantya edibeneyo amavili asi engaphambili ilingana gear iyonke umva. Distribution kwenzeka ngendlela nomxholo nenkani. Masithi kumaphetshana ivili langasemva, xa uvula i lock, ibambelele uya asi ngaphambili, amavili apho kwakukho emotweni, kodwa ukuba ngaxeshanye zabuksuet ivili langasemva kwaye ngaphambili, ngoko zabo "Niva" ayisa ukhwela.

Ukuze uphephe oku kungenzeki, abaqhubi beemoto iibhulorho ukucwangcisa samobloki ukunceda ukutsala umatshini ngqi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abanini "Niva" lo umehluko Nesterov.

Samoblok Nesterov

Leyo yindlela umahluko Nesterov, kwaye imfihlelo ukuthandwa kwakhe.

design Difa ivumela kuphela ukuba ukunyenyisa ngokupheleleyo uqina emboxo kweevili kumatshini xa kusenziwa uhlela, kodwa kwimeko yeyunithi probuksovok okanye ilenga ivili umnika imali amancinane amandla ukusuka injini. Kwaye samobloka impendulo ukutshintsha iimeko zendlela nangoko. Kwakhona, Nesterova umehluko iphucula kakhulu ulawulo umatshini, nokuba amathuba emtyibilizi, yandisa ukuqhuba uzinzo, ukuqhuba amandla lunikezelo (ingakumbi ebusika), kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa amafutha. Ukufakelwa isixhobo ayifuni naluphi na utshintsho kuyilo ugqithiso kwaye ibekwe ngendlela efanayo njengoko umehluko zakudala.

Umahluko iye isetyenziswe kuphela iteknoloji izithuthi, oko kwaba luncedo kakhulu kwaye micinga, kuya kwenza kube lula kakhulu ubomi womniniyo.

Umehluko motoblock

Walk-emva itektala - unit kakhulu enzima, ukuba ndibuyise nje kufuna kakhulu umgudu, yaye ngesantya mgaqweni ivili emboxo kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Ngoko ke, lo Abanini bezi matshini ukuba diffs ukuba akubonakali ekuqaleni kuyilwe, ekuthegeni kunye uzifakelele ngokwakho.

wenza njani umehluko motoblock? Enyanisweni, oku kunikeza nje lula ekujikeni kumatshini, ukuyeka omnye kweevili.

enye umsebenzi wayo kukuba akukho ndlela enxulumene kunye nokunikezelwa amandla - kukwandisa isiseko ivili. uyilo umahluko olunika ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengokunatyiswa nezamazembe, nto leyo eyenza i-Walk-ngasemva itrekta inokusityeda, ngakumbi ukumelana echithayo phezu, ingakumbi xa cornering.

Ngokufutshane, umehluko - into luncedo kakhulu ebalulekileyo, kunye lock yayo maxa wambi kwandisa permeability emotweni.