Ifilosofi Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19: iingcamango, indima nokubaluleka

ifilosofi Russian kwinkulungwane ye-19 kukho ukwahluka iimfundiso zasekhaya yezopolitiko kunye nezikhundla nemibono. Ngaphambi leminyaka yokugqibela banika ihlabathi iinkcuba ezifana M. Bakunin, ngu- Chaadaev, IV Kireyevsky FM Dostoevsky, AS Hamsters, KS Aksakov, TN Granovsky, AI Herzen, LN Tolstoy, KN Leontiev, VG Belinsky, NV Fedorov, kwakunye nezinye bempilo abaninzi abadumileyo.

ifilosofi Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19 - kubonisa ukusukela ezizinzululwazi izazinzulu abangabakhe iintsingiselo ezimbini esahlukileyo - Westernism kunye Slavophilism. Abaxhasi mkhuba yokugqibela bayathetha ngayo kuphuhliso singobani yesizwe karhulumente, kwimfundiso kulinywa, wabona ibe kakhulu ngekamva lwezentlalo lweli lizwe. Ingakumbi kule nkolo, ngokoluvo lwabo, kufuneka ukuba wamvumela ukuba sibumbane eza kunceda ukusombulula ezininzi iingxaki zoluntu.

A ukwandiswa endalo ukholo ngamandla amangalisayo wamasiko baye baba iingcamango zezopolitiko. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo uphuhliso lwasekhaya karhulumente zobulumko Russian kwenkulungwane ye-19, yeharim Slavophilism, ingqalelo uhlobo monarchical karhulumente. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba isizathu sokuba kutyalwe Orthodox eRussia imfuneko yokomeleza ulawulo lobuzwilakhe. Phakathi abaxhasi kule ntshukumo kuthathwa KS Aksakov, IV Kireyevsky, AS Hamsters.

ifilosofi Russian lwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 linophawu izimvo zopolitiko yokuziphatha baseNtshona. Abaxhasi akekho wempangelo izinto eziphathekayo baqubuda emisebenzini Hegel, ingabaginyi zedemokhrasi wabiza ukuba ukubhukuqwa olukhulu kurhulumente okhoyo. amazwi Revolutionary ngokuxhaswa abalandeli oku kusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ingcamango wokoyisa lobuzwilakhe kunye nophuhliso socialism siyagcinwa ngomlinganiselo ofanayo.

Abantu baseNtshona baba abasunguli zemfundo Russian, wakhuthaza ukutyebiseka inkcubeko yesizwe. Uphuhliso sisetyenziswe nenzululwazi oku kwakhona ingqalelo njengomba ophambili. Xa imisebenzi MA Bakunin, AI Herzen, VG Belinsky, NG Chernyshevsky ityhila le ngcamango. Umbono igcisa nganye ezichaphazela wayo, kodwa kwimibhalo nkolelo wazilanda iingcinga efanayo.

ifilosofi Russian kwinkulungwane ye-19 wenziwe ichibi oxabisekileyo imbali yesizwe. Namhlanje, inyaniso kwezopolitiko nentlalo ndingayeki ukubonisa imizekelo ecacileyo kweekhonsepthi longquzulwano eyasungulwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwekhulu eyadlulayo.

Ulwazi imbali kunye nophuhliso ngezimvo olwenze namasiko eRashiya ngenkulungwane ye-19, kusenza sibone kwi ukukhanya esitsha isenzeko ye modernity, njengoko intshayelelo kwizikolo OPK. Abaxhasi kuphuculo - abalandeli zangoku kwi Slavophiles kunye nenkcaso - abaseNtshona kwinkulungwane yama-21. Umahluko phakathi imeko elidlulileyo naseRashiya namhlanje ukuba phambi iintsingiselo uphikisana zazihonjiswe ngokucacileyo yaye abazange mix. Esi simo akunjalo ngokucacileyo: ". Slavophile nyaniso," ngoko, ngokuba Westernising ekucaciseni ukuba ngokufihla Umzekelo, i "umthetho wemvelo 'eli lizwe Russia luxelwa imeko yehlabathi, nto leyo aluthinteli amalungu unqulo Orthodox ukuba banandiphe amalungelo akhethekileyo.