Abantu bokuqala: yeengcinga, iingcamango, ubungqina

Lo mbuzo ngemvelaphi yomntu kunye ukuvela kwihlabathi ookhokho bethu okuye kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, ihlala omnye kunawo. Wabonakala phakathi kwinkulungwane XIX mbono yesayensi ye Darwin, ekuthi ngawo abantu bokuqala belungekho ngathi iminyanya iinkawu, hayi kuphela isathe "i", kodwa kunoko, iye yabangela ukuba siphinde imibuzo kunye namathandabuzo.

Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo xa yokuqala ukuvela abantu Umhlaba kufuneka sichaze ngokucacileyo ngubani mazithathwe ngokwenene yabantu, kodwa umntu - lwenkawu kuphela. Ngokuphathelele ezi mpawu athile kwaqala iingxoxo ngakumbi nangakumbi, kodwa izazinzulu ezininzi uyavuma ukuba Homo udidi lwazo zonke ezibumnturha, kobuchopho umthamo we-600 cm cubic. Kulo mzekelo, abantu bokuqala ehlabathini - kakubi habilis Homo, amathambo yabhalwa esicwangciswe malunga neminyaka emibini nesiqingatha sesigidi eyadlulayo.

Kuyinto kule ixesha imbonakalo lokuqala izixhobo amatye, nto leyo efunekayo uququzelelo lweentshukumo kunye kweliso nobuchule phezu umsebenzi wezandla kunye neminwe. Akukho monkey ubuchopho leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, ayidluli iisentimitha cc 400, wenze lo msebenzi angabi nako.

Noko ke, ukuba athathe njengesiseko senza into yokuba abantu bokuqala - it Homo, ngoko ngubani na ukhokho wabo ngqo? Ngokutsho Iingxelo zakutshanje, ukuba inkawu yemilenze ezimbini Afrika, owafuza omnye iintlobo Australopithecus.

Nangona yokuba uninzi data zabo yokwakheka ye lwenkawu yemilenze amabini kufuphi gorilla mihla bangafani, intsapho ekhethekileyo, ngokwenene apho - ehamba kunye nokusetyenziswa imilenze nemazi kuphela - ifuthe kwi ukunyuka kancinane ubukhulu ubuchopho kunye ngendaleko yabo homo sapiens.

Abantu bokuqala - Homo - musa kuhlala efanayo: a ukunyuka kancinane ubungakanani ubuchopho kuye kukhokelele kuphuhliso iimpawu ezintsha ngakumbi ukuba ingafikeleleki ngokupheleleyo ookhokho babo anthropoid. Ngoko ke, emva kweminyaka engamakhulu asixhenxe amawaka emva ingenisiwe, le "ndoda lokuposa" lathatyathelw 'indawo i "Homo erectus" - of Homo erectus. Ezi zidalwa ekhulisa icandelo lobuchopho, apho oko kunokwenzeka ukuba bacwangcise izenzo zabo ngakumbi, kwakunye nezo izixhobo, nto leyo kwafuneka ekugqibeleni abaza kudalwa. Ngokukodwa, izixhobo ilitye libe nentsingiselo kwaye esebenza ngakumbi: Baqala ke ukuba tsolo macala omabini uthabathe uhlobo lwe canine.

Eyokuqala abantu mihla uvele emhlabeni malunga namashumi amane amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Kakhulu yenyuka xa kuthelekiswa ne habilis okanye erectus efanayo ubuchopho kuye livunyelwe kuphela kakuhle zonke iintlobo ezisisiseko yobugcisa, kodwa wasebenza njengesiseko ukuvela psyche nokucinga, njengoko lubonakalisiwe afumaneka iyaxela yelo xesha, imizobo yokuqala kunye nezixhobo zomculo.

Abantu yokuqala ukuvela yabo kunye nophuhliso uyintsumantsumane, banomdla apho alutshitshi ngonaphakade. Ukuvela ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiinguqulelo - ukusuka imvelaphi kaThixo kokufika njengabaphambukeli - umisele izazinzulu ingxaki ekufumaneni isidumbu ezintsha yabantu awazise ukucacisa iindlela kunye esebenzisa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ulwazi.