Utsalane uKatran: iintlobo, ukusetyenziswa, ukuphononongwa, iifoto

Isityalo esingapheliyo sekhaya leklabishi yi katran. Iimpawu ezimnandi kakhulu ezimhlophe okanye ezipinki, ezibonakaliswa kwiminyaka emibili yobomi bakhe. Unomphunga ocolileyo lobusi, baninzi abalimi basebenzisa iKatran njengento yokuhlobisa isayithi.

Ukusasazwa

I-Katran isityalo esivame ukubizwa ngokuba yiMpumalanga okanye iTatar. Kwiimeko zendalo zikhula eCrimea. Ukongeza, itholakala kwintlango yaseYurophu, eningizimu-ntshona ye-Asia nase-Afrika, ikakhulukazi empuma yelizwekazikazi. Isityalo saseKatran lilungu lentsapho yase -crucifer kwaye linomthi onqabileyo we-rhizome. Abameli beli gama - elingapheliyo kunye neengqimba zonyaka zonyaka kunye nemifuno.

Inkcazo yesityalo

I-Katran isityalo esifike kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kwi-120 cm. Emva konyaka, kuvela i-leaves of leaves. Inani labo landa ngonyaka.

Ingcambu yesityalo, ekufuneni ukunyamezeka, ingena ngokujulile emhlabathini. Oku kuchaza ukuzinza kwehlathi ukubanda ebusika kunye nesomiso sehlobo. Umsongo unesigxina, unomzimba, unomzimba omhlophe. Ubude balo bubungakanani 50 cm, bunzima ngaphezu kweekhilogram.

Isiqu asibonakali, sihlanganiswe, sihlanganiswe neengubo ezincinci. Amaqhekeza ahlukeneyo, i-petiolate okanye i-forked.

Isityalo se-katran sinesiqhamo esinombhobho (ongekho kuvulwa). Imbewu yesityalo iinqande zeziqhamo. Ziyikhulu kakhulu - ububanzi bazo bufikelela kwi-10 mm, isiqhamo segobolondo siqinile, asihluki.

I-Katran isityalo esinefoto onokuyibona kwinqaku lethu, ngokuyinene-luthando oluthandayo, ukushisa ukushisa nokungabinqanda. Ikwazi ukunyamezela ngokukhawuleza nakubusika obukhulu kakhulu. Imbewu ihluma kwiqondo lokushisa elisezantsi (3 ° C), amahlumela anokunyamezela i-frozen to -5 ° C. Nangona kunjalo, katran ekhululekile ivakalelwa kwiqondo lokushisa lika-18-25 ° C. Ukhula luqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Iimeko zokukhula

Isityalo se-catran kungekhona ukuthobeka, akudingi ukushisa okukhulu, kulula ukunyamezela ukushisa nokubandayo, kukhetha iqhinga elingakhuselekanga. Ezi zakhiwo zivumela ukuba ityalwe kwindawo evulekile kuyo yonke imimandla yelizwe lethu (ngaphandle kweendawo ezikumantla kuphela).

Ukulima, umhlaba okhanyayo, loamy okanye i-loam ye-sandy, iyona ifanelekileyo. Akayithandi inhlabathi epholileyo kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, okukufutshane. Umhlaba ongenakwenzeka ungabangela izilonda zefungal kwisityalo, ukuvuvukala nokukhula kuvela kwiingcambu.

Isityalo se-katran sithanda ukuhlala kwiindawo apho amazambane, ukhukhamba kunye neetamatati zisetyenziselwa ukukhula. Ukunciphisa u- acidity womhlaba, kubalulekile ukwenza ngexesha lokuwa ngexesha lokumba i-lime ngokutsha kwisantya se-200 grams nganye kwikhilomitha nganye. M.

Ukongeza, isityalo sidinga isichumisi sesichumiso - 5 kg nganye kwisikwere esingu-1. Mnu Ngaphambi kokutyala, imbewu ye-katrana kufuneka ifuthe emanzini malunga nama-50 degrees ukukhusela ukubonakala kwesikhumba se-powdery.

Ukuhlakulela iKatran kwiMbewu

Ukulungiselela ukuhluma imbewu, kubalulekile ukuhlanjululwa, ngoko kukulungele ukuhlwayela phantsi kwebusika-ngoSeptemba-Oktobha. Ziza kuhluma kusasa, zanele ngokwaneleyo +5 ° C, zihluma lula ukumelana nokupholisa kwi -5 ° C.

Ukuhlwayela kweentsuku kuza kufuna iinyanga ezimbini zokugcina imbewu kwiqrijini. Isanti edibeneyo ingasebenza njenge-primer. Emva kweentsuku ezili-10, isitya esinokuhlwayelwa kufuneka sihlaziywe kwi window efakwe kakuhle. Ngokuqhelekileyo amahlumela abonakala nakwifriji.

Ubushushu be-+21 ° C bukhulu kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kwezityalo.

Izithombo kufuneka zifakelwe emva kweentsuku ezingama-40 emhlabeni. Ngeli xesha, amaqabunga ama-5 ahlala esekelwe kwi-katrana.

Izityalo zityalo kufuneka zigqitywe nge-40 cm, phakathi kwemigangatho engama-60 cm. Ungakhathazeki ukuba ngonyaka wokuqala bahlakulela. Isiqhamo esilandelayo sibonakala kusasa kakhulu, ukukhula kubonakala ngokukhawuleza.

Ukulima kwiintlobo zeengcambu

Xa i-katrana isakazwa yi-cuttings, uya kufuna iimpompo zangasemva, ezikude zi-15 cm ubude. Zihlala zinqunywe kwiintlobo zezityalo ekwindla, xa zivuna, iziqwenga eziliqela zibophelelwe kwaye zigcinwe kuze kube entwasahlobo (ubushushu malunga ne-0 ° С).

Ungakulibala ukuphawula amanqaku aphezulu kunye nezantsi, ukuze ungadibanisi xa ufika. Ukusuka kwiinqununu, zonke iintsho ezifunekayo kufuneka zisuswe, zishiye kuphela iintso eziphezulu. Ukutshala kwindawo elungiselelwe kufuneka kukhishwe, ngokukhawuleza ukucwina umhlaba.

Indlela yokwandisa isivuno

Ngenxa yoko, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ukukhula kweengcambu. Kule ndlela, isityalo esineminyaka emibili sinqunyulwe intloko ngo-3 cm. Kule meko, i-flower stem iyayeka ukuphuhlisa, kwaye isityalo sesityalo siya kwanda kakhulu.

Kuya kufinyelela ubungakanani bempahla ngomnyaka wesibini wophuhliso. Enyanisweni, ukwandisa i-catran kunye nokugcinwa kwezicwangciso ze-agrotechnical zanamhlanje, izityalo ezintle zingenakho ukuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo ngonyaka. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba iingcambu zonyaka-mtsha zithenda, zikhawuleza emva kokucoca, ngoko kufuneka zenzeke ngokukhawuleza.

Isityalo seCatran - Iintlobo

Elizweni lethu kukho iintlobo ezili-12 ze-katran, nangona kunjalo, iindawo eziqhelekileyo zikhulile kwaye zisetyenziselwa ezine: intonga enesigxina, empuma, kwi-steppe (iTatar), elwandle.

Eyona nto inemveliso yintathu-empuma, i-steppe kunye nolwandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abagadi begadi abanomdla bakhetha iindawo ezinqumlayo kwindawo okanye kwiCrimea.

Isityalo seCatran - se benzisa

Iintlobo zaselwandle zasetyenziselwa ukutya. I-catwood ye-heartwood isetyenziswe njengesityalo sokuhlobisa, apho kuvela khona ii-curbs. Ukusuka kwimbewu yenkcubeko ye-Abyssinian, i-oyile ikhutshwa.

Iintlobo zezityalo ze katrana zifikelela kwisikhululo semveliso ngeminyaka emibini, ziba zihamba kakuhle kwaye. Isetyenziselwa ukutya njengesiqhelo esifana ne-horseradish.

Iingcambu zesi sityalo ziqulethe i-9% yeeshukela, ukuya kwi-34% yombandela owomileyo, ukusuka kwi-45 ukuya kwi-90 mg ye-ascorbic acid nge-100 g yobunzima obuhlaza. Oku kwenza ukuba bafanane kakhulu kwiincambu ze-horseradish.

Ukutya kudla amahlumela amancinci kunye namaqabunga amancinane esityalo kwisantwasahlobo. Ziphekwe ngamanzi anosawoti, zinyuka ngeoli kwaye zifafazwe ngamacroutons.

Ukucoca kunye nokucoca imifuno (utamatisi, ukhukhamba, sikwashi, sikwashi, njl), amaqabunga kunye neengcambu ze katran zisetyenzisiweyo.

Amayeza

Siyabulela umxholo omkhulu wevithamini C kumaqabunga esi sityalo, zisetyenziswe ngabaphili bezilwanyana njengendlela yokulungisa ikratshi. Kwaye ulungiselele ama-saladi, enamaqabunga axubekileyo kunye neekroti.

Isityalo se-catran sisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukutya kunye nokunyusa ukutya. Ukongezelela, sisixhobo esihle kakhulu sokuphulukisa isilonda. Ngokunceda unako ukulahla i-freckles, eninzi ehambisa iingxaki ezininzi.

Ukungqinelana

Njenge-horseradish, i-Katran iphikisana nabantu abanezintso, isibindi, isisu, ne-duodenum kunye nezilonda zesisu.

Ukugcinwa kweKataran

Gcina isivuno seengcambu kwimigangatho kunye neendawo zokugcina, ngexesha lokushisa rhoqo kwama-0 degrees kunye nomswakama oqhelekileyo. Iinjongo kufuneka zithathelwe kwisanti enomanzi.

Uphononongo

Namhlanje uye wafunda into ephawulekayo ngesityalo sikaKatran. Iingcamango zabalimi malunga nokuba zilungile. Abantu abaninzi bathi ukufana okupheleleyo kunye neengcambu ze-horseradish, esi sityalo kwisayithi siziphatha kakubi. Abaninzi banelisekile ngokukhenketha kwayo.

Ngokuphathelele iimpawu zonyango, apha iingcamango ziphikisana kakhulu. Kweminye, le yiphilisi yendalo yonke yokuphatha "zonke izifo", abanye bayabuza le nkcazo. Kwimeko nayiphi na, ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise katrana ngeenjongo zonyango, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.