State Natural Reserve "Nenetsky": umhlaba, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo

It is a yokulondoloza imvelo "Nenetsky" ekusingasiqithi volvulus Russian kuLwandle Barents. We esenjalo apha kuphela eYurophu flat eyetundra Arctic Arctic, apho inshorensi ikhephu le ithatha iintsuku 231 ngonyaka.

Yeyona yokuhlala izilwanyana ezinqabileyo kunye neentaka (loon otyheli-ibhili, iminenga bowhead, njalo-njalo), apho izityalo zikhula, uninzi ezifakwe kwi-Book oluBomvu. Reserve ngenxa ukuya kwizikolo ezikude ye ummandla wayo ukusuka amashishini amakhulu kwimizi-mveliso imilinganiselo ubuhle ye Umbala wasentla.

Ngomhla kwimbali lokufumanisa

Imfuneko ukuseka uqhelane kwindawo Nenets Ukuzilawula District of Russia kwabangelwa yimiba ezininzi: landa impembelelo anthropogenic ukuhambahamba yedeskthopi iinkampani asakhasayo amasimi oyile negesi; kwamadlelo ukukhula adle basekhaya; ukungcoliswa umhlaba ngenxa yemveliso.

Zonke ezi zinto ziye zakhokelela ukuba utshintsho olukhulu ebomini yendalo - ukutshatyalaliswa kunye epheleleyo ukutshatyalaliswa isigqubuthelo somhlaba kunye nezityalo, nokubethelela iinkqubo geomorphological ezingakhiyo engafunwayo, ngokutsha kunye nokuncitshiswa emadlelweni adle, ukuphazamiseka kulawulo yoxinzelelo lwamanzi indawo enkulu. Kulo mba, ngoDisemba 1997, kuphela ngexesha Reserve yayiququzelelwe Resolution yoRhulumente Russian. Kamva yaziwa ngokuba "National Nature Reserve" Nenets "."

Kwaye reserve "Nenets" ngo-2010 incamathele kuyo.

indawo

Bekela bucala reserve "Nenetsky" nsimu yaseYurophu umgangatho eRashiya. Ihlangabezana ngokupheleleyo iinjongo kunye neenjongo into lokusingqongileyo.

Le ndawo yonke ibekwe ngaphakathi Arctic Circle kwaye zihlanjwe amanzi alo kunye Barents Sea Caves. mpumalanga ukufotokopa ise emantla-mpuma yinxalenye Malaya Zemlya kumathafa uphethe usingasiqithi volvulus Russian, sekhilomitha-20 Umhlaba ububanzi kunxweme Zakharyin, inxalenye ogudle (umlomo) p. Kwaye Pechora River Delta. East Neruta. Kwakhona kule ndawo kuquka iziqithi Green, Lovetskiy, Kashin, Green Mura kunye inxalenye kuLwandle Barents (-mpuma) kunye nabanye.

Le ndawo yamanzi ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sendawo kommandla egciniweyo ngayo. Le Korovinskaya and Bolvansky imilebe amanzi kunye Shore Zakharyin (ububanzi-10 km), lonke ummandla wamanzi (km 2) inversion Peninsula Russian, njl Nenetskii reserve yahlulwe yangamacandelo 4 :. Ostrovnoy Bolvansky, Delta p. Pechora kunye Zakhar'in Beach.

Iindlela zothutho, apho ungafumana ukuya Reserve Naryan-Mar (100 km): snowmobiles (ebusika), izikhephe (ehlotyeni).

Malunga sezulu

Imozulu le Arctic edosako elwandle. Ebusika, ubushushu umoya kusithwa -46 ⁰ C. The avareji awo yonyaka lobushushu avareji yenyanga imalunga 29 ⁰ C ngoFebruwari - ngenyanga yovalo, kwaye zikhuthazayo yi Julayi.

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, isiciko ikhephu ukuba igcinwe apha uninzi lonyaka, lo gama kwinxalenye esemantla reserve zizele ikhephu ukuya iisentimitha 40 otyebileyo avareji. Inani leentsuku kunye blizzards nama 112. Xa maxesha obubanda kunyaka kule ndawo esilawulwa umoya wasezantsi-ntshona, nasezantsi, ukufudumala - umoya iingongoma yomntla ikhampasi.

Ukukhululwa Nenets reserve

Lo mmandla reserve uthe tyaba sezwe. Phantse wonke liphela nelezihlambo omninzi ngamandla ngemizila ezininzi kunye namachibi ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu. Iintlobo Wetlands: hummock-ezibuhlazarha, kummango-ezibuhlazarha, amancinci hummocky.

masimu Marine inokulandwa kwinxalenye esemantla ilizwe, kwakunye umgama ukuya ezantsi indawo izinga kancinane. Masimu Nenets reserve babe kumgangatho othe tyaba, kunye sizizifanya umgxobhozo kunye namachibi ezincinane.

Flora

Le uhlaza Nenets Reserve ubonisa eyetundra yoqobo kunye arctic kubungqwangangqwili luluntu moss kunye ulele.

Ukwakheka ntlobo wohlulwe ntlobo zilandelayo zityalo: imithana (willow, ezinde ezincinanana neti Labrador), ityholwana, ulele kunye kumathafa moss, umgxobhozo, willow kunye engca melkotravnye (zengca kunye imifuno).

kwezityalo ezinemigca kwindawo ye reserve ineendidi 339 kunye ohlobo (basonta kwiintsapho 56). Le flora ecebe uyaqapheleka esezantsi ogudle lomlambo. Pechora. Found apha iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200. I Book Red ezidweliswe iintlobo 32 kwezityalo ezinemigca zonke bekhula reserve: poppy Ugra, Rhodiola Rosea, Pinguicula alpina, Dryas octopetala, Cassiopeia tetrahedral kunye nabanye abaninzi.

kulona

Rhoqo kwi Nenets reserve likhaya izilwanyana: mpungutye, impungutye emhlophe, ermine, iielk, OB kunye lemming Arctic, wolverine, nomvundla. It amaninzi zifumaneka usingasiqithi Russian inversion kunye iziqithi Sea Barents (inxalenye kumzantsi-mpuma) lebhere elimhlophe.

Amanzi ekhuselweyo kuhlala nezilwanyana zaselwandle - pinnipeds kunye iintlanzi. Onge na hina nohadi lamatywina, iminenga ikhamisile, kwaye zininzi - i isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade, umnenga ukutya, itywina, nomvundla ulwandle.

phi enye ubona iintlobo enjalo izilwanyana kwi Nenets Reserve? Waba indawo ethembekileyo eziphilayo njengoko i-Atlantic isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade, omkhulu bowhead iminenga, tundra nenkuku yamanzi, loon otyheli-ibhili, kunye nabanye.

Le reserve indlela yemfuduko (East Atlantic), iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka. indawo I-Reserve kaThixo - lulugqaliso olubalulekileyo le enomfanekiso inane zeentaka (zasemanzini). Ehlotyeni, kukho omkhulu iyantlukwano ntlobo lamellirostral yabo ngenxa (scoter omnyama, irhanisi emhlophe-egudle, irhanisi bean, Eider, njl) Yaye wazo. Herring ama indlu phezu kwemimandla yezandyondyo, kunye amathanga elikhulu tern arctic - on Spits wesanti. Izikhova, ptarmigan, njengeyona nesangxa, ukhozi emhlophe-ezinomsila, nesangxa rough yemilenze, merlin, merlin, njl Kwakhona aphile apha.

Umfuziselo yenzululwazi kunye nokhuseleko umsebenzi Nenets Reserve namhlanje zasemanzini zilandelayo: iintlobo ezimbini yamarhanisi wasentla amancinci (barnacle irhanisi kunye encinane abamhlophe) kunye tundra Swan (aka ezincinane).

Phakathi iintlanzi zibaluleke kakhulu kwezi ndawo na oluntsonkothileyo whitefish: peled, whitefish, whitefish, Sisco kunye whitefish. Kwakhona, esebenzisa inxalenye elwandle Cave (-kumzantsi mpuma) kumendo ubaleka salmon yokufuduka.

ihlele

Xa reserve iindwendwe ayo wanikela ziiprogram ukhenketho umdla: esweni kweentlobo ezinqabileyo kakhulu zeentaka (ornithology engahlawulwayo), zohlobo kakhulu holide zobusika ekhephini yaye ehlotyeni phakathi kwinkangeleko ebukekayo. Apha ungenza kwakhona ukuthatha inxaxheba ukhenketho eziphilayo.

Ngomhla kwiziqithi Arctic Reserve "Nenets" ifumaneka nenani ezikhumbuzo zembali yenkcubeko enxulumene nophuhliso lwenkcubeko yabantu Nenets (ingcwele ezahlukeneyo iimpawu yombingelelo - izithixo, Skulls of amabhere, iimpondo amaxhama, amathambo izilwanyana wombingelelo, njalo njalo).

Ukususela ngo-2000, i-ezimbini kwizikhululo amaqashiso zokupaka ezilungiselelwe kwi reserve abakhenkethi.

Ekugqibeleni, omnye okunika umdla

Kubonakala ukuba bagwebe imeko imeko esingqongileyo kwi Arctic kulula kakhulu - ingqalelo nje ukuba aphambukele khona intaka ezinqabileyo kakhulu - kumathafa weentaka (elincinane).

ezi ntaka kwi Nenets Ukuzilawula yeSithili - izalathisi ezininzi ezibuthathaka kwendalo esingqongileyo. Xa ukuhla komgangatho wemo engqongileyo, weentaka kutshintsha ngoko nangoko indawo yabo yokuhlala.