Iintlobo emanzi kunye neempawu zazo

Eli nqaku liza kuqwalaselwa omnye ezakhiwe zixhaphakileyo yendalo, nto leyo iyelenqe rehumidified phezu komhlaba ngomaleko umgquba kunye Ezimpawu zinqabileyo kuphela ezi ndlela iindawo yemifuno apha naphaya ukulungiselela iimeko ioksijini kwale nkqubo, amanzi buthathaka aphilileyo nokufuma kwemfuneko.

Apho ziya kuboniswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kwimigxobhozo ezineempawu yabo emfutshane.

ulwazi jikelele

Kukho 3 iimpawu eziphambili imigxobhozo zezi:

• Komsebenzi kunye amile.
• Ubukho ethile, uphawu ngenxa uhlaza imigxobhozo.
• inkqubo Ukwakheka nja-.

Imigxobhozo ngokuqhelekileyo wabhekisela kwindawo apho iingcambu zesityalo abakwazi ukufikelela umhlaba bezimbiwa.

ukubunjwa

Phambi kokuba uyazi, ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili imigxobhozo, ukuze ufumanise ukuba akhiwa ngayo.

Kuba ukuyilwa macandelo komsebenzi kuyimfuneko ukugcina ukufuma komhlaba kunye kumphezulu wayo, utshintshiselwano ezibuthathaka amanzi (in t. H., Yaye komhlaba). Ngenxa yoko, ukunqongophala oxygen okubangelwa ukufuma kwemfuneko ithintela ukufikelela lomoya emhlabeni, ngokunxulumene apho kukho ukwanda laneleyo (okanye igcwala) iintsalela kwezityalo ofayo kunye umgquba kwakheka. Last - a zeendawana umhlaba ezinomthamo eliphezulu lamanzi. Eloba ngokupheleleyo yezityalo ibolile. nja- Lubonakala namaqondo awohlukeneyo yokubola. Umzekelo, iqondo yokubola-70% ithetha ukuba 70 ekhulwini ibolile izityalo ezifileyo, no-30 - akukho. Olu hlobo zeendawana elibalaseleyo xa umthamo wamanzi-ume, ngoko kukho into enesiqulatho eliphezulu lamanzi (malunga 97% of nomthamo).

Iintlobo emanzi kunye neempawu zazo

Xa ukuxheshisa kunye neefom bahlule Fen (ngokwahlukileyo neetyuwa ezininzi), thunyelo lwe (mesotrophic) kunye undim (oligotrophic) ngokulandelelana ukuba phakathi, iimilo kumphezulu othe tyaba kunye khaxa.

Phantsi nelezihlambo (neetyuwa ezininzi) libhekisela imigxobhozo ezikwamanye misinga ne komhlaba hydrated nedlelo amanzi umhlaba, osisityebi ityuwa kwezimbiwa. Onyuswe advantageously wondla imvula evela emoyeni, nto leyo esisityebi kunene iityuwa kwezimbiwa. Nezimbuku zezomzuzwana iqela eliphakathi.

Uhlaza, egqubayo kule ndawo, ukwahlula ehlathini, ingca, ityholwana kunye neendidi moss yemigxobhozo. Ngokutsho microrelief - esentabeni, iflethi, khaxa. Marsh - ezi nezimbuku imigxobhozo.

kumgxobhozo Russian

Iindidi ingabi Russian cinga ngezantsi. Kodwa - ulwazi ngokubanzi.

nezimbuku Area eRashiya bamalunga ne-1.4 yezigidi iinyawo square. km (malunga ne-10% bobume lizwe). Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi erhabaxa, ukuba ziqwalaselwa malunga 3000 cubic metres. m static imithombo yamanzi yendalo.

Umgxobhozo - yinto kakhulu esimbaxa isixokelelwano sendalo. It iqulathe biotopes oqhagamshelwano phakathi, obubonakala ngokuba ilele nkqi, ubukho uhlobo izityalo ngamanzi bothando kunye nokwanda iintsalela ezahlukeneyo kwiziphili intlenga okanye nja-. Xa iimeko ezahlukeneyo yemozulu Russian, isimo, yaye ngokuxhomekeke ematyeni ezenza ukuba bakhulise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo anemigxobhozo, ngamnye ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo nja- iidipozithi, iimeko amanzi ukutya kunye nezityalo yayo idreyini iimpawu.

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo umbane Russia imigxobhozo: nelezihlambo, inkangala kunye zotshintsho.

Uhlobo kwamandla

Phantsi kwemiqathango uphawu amandla ukuthini imigxobhozo kumphezulu mihla kunye nobukho umaleko ophezulu zeendawana, apho neengcambu izityalo akhiwe. Ngohlobo ngalunye imigxobhozo nje ngentla zimelwe kwimithombo zabo ngamandla.

ukufuma kwemfuneko yinto enkulu na imigxobhozo. Ibangela kukuvela iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana nezityalo, kwakunye neemeko ezizodwa humification bokuhlala ukuba sezulu sifudumele ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela kwiintsalela utyani sokonakalisa engaphelelanga kwaye ukuyilwa nja-.

Ukusasazwa geographical of emanzi Russia

imigxobhozo Russian ixhaphake phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zendalo, kodwa ubukhulu becala kutsalwe, misinga ezimanzi ngokugqithiseleyo. Ubuninzi babo buzinze kwimimandla engundoqo kunye kumntla-ntshona we-West Siberian Plain.

imigxobhozo Inkoliso Russia - eyetundra zone hlathi. Iintlobo imigxobhozo zingafani. Zokuxinana kwamanzi kwezinye iindawo kumathafa yi-50%. Kwiindawo hlathi yagxila malunga nama-80% ye- amadobo afanayo. Kwinxalenye yaseYurophu Russia imigxobhozo ezininzi Vologda, iLeningrad Oblast kunye Republic of Karelia (40%).

Hlathi of Western eSiberia omninzi wesikolo ukuya kwi-70 ekhulwini. A iindidi ngeendidi imigxobhozo kunye eMpuma Ekude, ingakumbi kummandla Amur.

Ukusasazwa kwimigxobhozo ngokohlobo

Iintlobo imigxobhozo Russian ngokobume lusasazwe edyokhweni. Horse awuthimba isiqingatha kwindawo kwemigxobhozo zizonke, kwaye ngabona kwimimandla esemantla. Gorilla lingaphantsi kwe kwisiqingatha (40%) kwezi ndawo zonke nezimbuku. kwiindawo ezincinane kakhulu abemi imigxobhozo sethutyana (10%).

Imigxobhozo, ubuninzi lomlambo atyetyisiweyo okanye komhlaba, yaye kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu. Nokuba - kwiintlambo imila- yemilambo emikhulu. Inkangala ingabi ikakhulu wondla yi imvula, yaye ngokufuthi zifumaneka hlathi kunye kumathafa yekhasi Eurasia. Inxalenye engundoqo (84%) kweendawo peaty ise kwinxalenye Asian eRashiya.

Kwaye yintoni benamandla uhlobo Umgxobhozo e North? Nomgxobhozo west eSiberia kuhlala 42%. Uninzi komhlaba peaty (malunga 73%) uvalelwe kummandla nendawo permafrost.

nohlaza

Xa nomgxobhozo alawulwa izityalo zilandelayo: ezimhlophe ezinde, alder, willow, pine kunye nespruce. Imifuno ifumaneka kakhulu sedges kunye nokutya okuziinkozo - yeziqholo layingcongolo. Ukususela ubulembu ikhula ubulembu eluhlaza.

Kuba amadobo yexeshana luphawulwa ezinde kunye nompleyini (eSiberia - larch Dahurian kwaye eSiberia, nemisedare) kunye willow (ngaphantsi kancinci kwelo nomgxobhozo). Imifuno ezinezityalo eqhelekileyo kuyafana njengakwi nomgxobhozo, kodwa hayi kukuninzi kangaka. Amaninzi uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana Alpine trichophorum, yayingcongolo, sedge kunye butylchatuyu sherstistoplodnuyu. Ihlangabezana nohlaza uphawu amadobo.

Ekhwele phezu YamaSilamsi kukho nompleyini (zomsedare eSiberia oxutywe kuyo) kunye larch Dahurian. Bush ayikho apha konke konke, kodwa ixhaphake kwezi ndawo iqela noHeather: UCassandra, UHeather, irozmeri, iiblueberries kunye cranberries. Akukho kaninzi ukukhula , nenomlanga ezinde kunye Crowberry (crowberry). Common kwiindawo ezinjalo nabangatshatanga-intloko yomqhaphu ingca (imifuno), esikhulu tussock-kwesoyi. Wena uyakwazi ukufumana kunye cloudberries kunye sundew. Ubulembu zimelwe apha sphagnum kuphela.

Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo umgquba kunye Lemvelo nako kulugweba (njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla), yintoni uhlobo nemigxobhozo.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kwimiba yendalo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi nangakumbi kukho emibi ngokunxulumene kakhulu, ukuxhatshazwa etshabalalisayo nemigxobhozo. Okokuqala yonke le ukungcola, ifaka inani amanzi avela emhlabeni kunye ngobuninzi nja-. Kwakhona, indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ekufunxeni kwaye elima, waphula umthetho lobungakananai lolawulo ukwakhiwa kweendlela, oli negesi imibhobho kunye nezinye izibonelelo.

Kutsalwe imigxobhozo idla kukhokelela umlilo umgquba, ukuthotywa komhlaba kunye nokulahleka kwengxubevange yendalo ehlabathini lonke. Wonke umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngocoselelo, kunye nolondolozo imbopheleleko yenu amaninzi kwimigxobhozo. Qiniseka ukuba ukulandela imithetho ukugcinwa eziphilayo nendawo endalweni.