Tram Modern eMoscow St Petersburg

Phambi kokuba siqale ibali lethu, makhe buya umva kancinci ukususela isihloko kwaye khumbula uncwadi, ezizezi: imveliso ye ngqondi Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wakho nasezirhangeni kwi amachibi kasolusapho kaThixo , uhlale phantsi kufutshane nezihlalo apho ukubeka abantu abathathu uncokola nge ... Xa umbuzo yalapha nezingonakalisiyo uMikhail Berlioz oza kuyenza le ngokuhlwa, usihlalo Massolit wathi yena uya kuthatha inxaxheba entlanganisweni.

, этого никак быть не может , — твердо возразил иностранец . "- Hayi, akakwazi kuba ngale ndlela, - ngokuqiniseka wathi wasemzini.
Это почему ? - Kutheni le nto?
Потому , — ответил иностранец ... — что Аннушка уже купила подсолнечное масло , и не только купила , но даже и разлила . - Ngokuba, - uthe umphambukeli ... - Ana sele wathenga ioli zikajongilanga, kwaye wayithenga kuphela, kodwa woliphalaza. что заседание не состоится ». Ngoko ke ukuba intlanganiso akwenzeki. "

Kakade ke, Berlioz wachukumiseka, kodwa ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na uAna notorious, yena akazange akwazi. Emva ezimbalwa kweeyure, eshiya Woland kunye neqabane lakhe, imbongi abangenawo amakhaya phezu kwesitulo, Mihail Aleksandrovich waya kuyikhawulela, njengoko kamva kwaba ukuba imimiselo kwangaphambili ... Ngaloo yaqala yonke uthotho lweziganeko emangalisayo ochazwe kwinoveli i Bulgakov alibaleke kaThixo.

Namhlanje ku Clean namachibi uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana esiporweni elimangalisayo ethwele igama nzima kakhulu Annushki wadlala indima obulalayo. tram Modern ukuba romp ngokusebenzisa neentsimbi weRashiya kunye nehlabathi, kakade, uzakufun aukugqithisa i "Annushka" isantya kwaye uthuthuzele, kodwa, kuqwalaselwa uthutho engaqhelekanga, siya kumzukisa size unakekelwa.

Ezinye iimeko loyilo ubabethayo, izisombululo zobunjineli emangalisayo, isantya. Abemi badla ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke, ukukuqhela sezipho kunye kubakhenkethi ngamanye amaxesha wenza andinakuyilibala. Yintoni na ke, tram mihla? Zibonakaliswa iinkokheli?

Kuba abo andiyithandi kwemikrozo yeemoto

Ingxaki kwemikrozo yeemoto sifanelekile namhlanje hayi kuphela imizi, kodwa ngenxa kwiidolophu ezincinane yephondo. Kwiyure rush indlela ogcwele ukuze kukuvela ingxinano kunqandwa. Kumazwe ahlukeneyo le ngxaki usoloko uzame ukusombulula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukukhangela iindlela ukwakha umkhondo ezongezelelweyo, ezama ukuba ithandwe izithuthi zikawonke. Lo vulindlela ibhasi. Noko ke, kwathi kamsinya ukuba ingena kwemikrozo yeemoto, ubuncinane "iimoto na." Kodwa tram nako kukuphelisa iingxaki ezinjalo, kuba isambuku phecana ubaleka ecaleni endleleni, kunokuba ngqo kuwo. Ngenxa yoko, tram ngokulula ehamba ngaphambili kwiikhilomitha ezininzi kwemikrozo yeemoto, ngelixa iibhasi netroli waza wayithimba ukuya inxaxheba efanayo kwisixando, kwakunye iimoto umkhweli.

Oku kwavusa maxesha kunye nophuhliso. Kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini ekuveliseni tram mihla ukwenza ubhejo enkulu. Russia yinxalenye isangqa kwamazwe uzama ukuphuhlisa imveliso yayo kwaye ngokuyinxenye ngokuthenga izithuthi amazwe. Namhlanje, tram mihla romp kwizixeko ezininzi ezinkulu Russian Federation.

Indlela ekupheleleni

Xa iinqwelwana esiporweni amancinane ziqale encediswa enjini, ngezininzi ezi. Nditsho ingoma "-High speed minh" wabeka bonga ezirhuqwayo abakhweli ihashe. Inkqubela sele ethethile, kwaye injini yombane ucinezele wenqwelo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, beza tram yokuqala zombane. Bathi nqa ke akukho ngesantya okanye intuthuzelo kwinqanaba ezizodwa, yaye ekugqibeleni endaweni ukuthuthwa lula ngakumbi - bus. ESoviet Union kwaye Kukholelwa ukuba isihloko minh uzigqibile ngokwayo ngokupheleleyo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, le zothutho kunokubonwa kwiidolophu ezininzi wephondo kunye namaziko bade yengingqi, kodwa ke kwabakho iphelelwe. Kwi-West, elingumthombo, afumana ekuvuselelweni yokwenene tram. Umzekelo, phezu izitrato New York ngelo xesha sele wahamba ukukhanya kaloliwe mihla, nto leyo enambuzelayo neentsimbi naphezu intambo soluliwe, ngathi aneziporo.

Russia waphinda wakhankanya kule ndlela intshukumo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha. Namhlanje, isibonelelo sezothutho iyakhula ngokukhawuleza. Hi xikombiso, ku Volgograd kukulayinisha mihla kaloliwe ukukhanya ethubeleza phantsi, ngathi engaphantsi. E Magnitogorsk, yathandwa yaye egqibelele tram yemveli. UPeter kwinethiwekhi inkulu Russia imizila i imikhumbi umxhelo. Kwaye ezitratweni eyinkunzi uhamba tram lifanelekileyo bakhuphisane ukuze isihloko kakhulu mihla ehlabathini.

Ingxaki Umgangatho ophantsi

Xa kuphuhliso eyilwe zokuhamba zanamhlanje ingxaki engundoqo wahlala ixesha ukubaleka elide, ngenxa apho esiporweni emgangathweni kwakunzima phezulu. Asiyonto nje wentuthuzelo zabakhweli, njengoko kusenokubonakala xa efika kuqala. Ukubakho amanyathelo kakubi kuchaphazela isantya indiza kokwehla, ingakumbi ilibaziseke lo mba abadala, abantu imithwalo, abantwana, abantu abakhubazekileyo. Oku nomthwalo uthungelwano xa iyonke.

Unokuyiphelisa le ngxaki abayili bazama ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni ukusombulula ingxaki ivumele kuphela ngokutsha epheleleyo kwisisu semoto yesixhobo. Inxalenye iinxalenye kunye namacandelo siye waya eluphahleni.

tram Polish "Pesa" - ingakumbi iRussia

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale tram entsha, namhlanje bakhonza iindlela Russian, ezithengwe kwamanye amazwe. Pesa sisityalo Polish, ibekwe kwisixeko Bydgoszcz, ingakumbi iRashiya luqalisa imifuziselo ezintathu tram, "Foxtrot", "Krakowiak" yaye "Jazz". Ukongeza imifuziselo eziqhelekileyo kunye kwindlu enye, Poland ulihlangula nokuba isiphekepheke ukuba ungaya kumacala omabini. Okwangoku lufumanisa intsebenziswano umenzi Polish kunye nezityalo phambene apho tram ezintsha ziya kuveliswa kungekudala.

Russian R1

Ngokuthe ngcembe ukuphucula imveliso yawo. Tram kakhulu mihla, apho kuya kufumaneka ukuthengiswa eRashiya kurhwebo lwasekhaya, wabhekisela eRashiya One, okanye i-R1. Kuye ezingontsini ezimbini, ephantsi kumgangatho, uyilo lwekamva ultra-mihla kunye ekharejini bekhululekile. Okwangoku, "Uralvagonzavod" liye thaca ngere- yalo mbhobho entsha yezithuthi iya ngexeshana elifutshane.

Umenzi uthembisa ukuba tram lezibuko ziya kwahluka kwase kuba akukho ngaphezulu kwepesenti ezimbalwa. Namhlanje, iingcali zithi ukuba ethile kuphela omncinane umthamo salon developer - izitulo ekhululekile kunye sofas inokuthatha abantu-28 kuphela (ehleli). Kodwa mhlawumbi oko ukwandisa inani lezihlalo futhi ngaleyo imbeko iisampuli serial ukusuka kwase.

capital tram Modern

Tram idepho Moscow inama imifuziselo eziliqela kwesithuthi mihla, ngaba ingenelwe ukuthutha eYurophu US. tram Modern e Moscow - oku nje isininzi, kodwa eyimfuneko ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo kwemikrozo yeemoto.

Kunye tram Polish kwizitrato elikomkhulu uhamba zothutho, sivela zokuthutha "Uralvagonzavod". Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, Metropolitan Park zazaliswa oomatshini ezininzi ezintsha, kodwa kuphela de kube sekupheleni nyaka icetyelwe yokubonelela tram mihla 120 imveliso yasekhaya.

Transport kaMasipala eSt Petersburg

Northern Capital, ninendyebo zakudala kunye zesikhumbuzo zembali, odumileyo kananjalo njengebhakana njengoko tram. UPetros ziya enkulu ezininzi, njengokuba i-ultra-entsha iidiliya. Abanye kuphela iindlela Uhambo, baliqengqe abakhenkethi kwiindawo kwimbali St. Petersburg.

Okunye okuphawulekayo kukuba esiporweni mihla eSt Petersburg ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nje kuphela kweli ziko kodwa kule namadlelo. Ngokomzekelo, ekupheleni kumzantsi-ntshona kukho inani indlela 56. Iveliswe yinkampani French "Alstom" izithuthi uyahlangabezana neemfuneko zakutshanje eqwalasela le St. Petersburg landscape ngathi kokusebenzisa isiphekepheke.

Le tram owawungekhe eRashiya kunye neendlela zehlabathi

Ngaphandle umsebenzi izicacele ukuba abakhweli, tram yaye maxa wambi besenza iindima engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, e Milan, ungatyelela tram-yokugquma. Kakade ke, eli ziko hayi ekhwele niwujikeleze umzi, kwaye ifakwe ngokusisigxina. Kwi-Netherlands, kukho esiporweni-ihotele, nto leyo neenqwelwana ajikwa yokuhlala bekhululekile. Hungary inama isakhiwo mde ehlabathini - ubude balo kweemitha 52.

ukukhathalelwa komntwana ngamnye, tram cafe. Omnye wabo sele utsale elide ingqalelo abakhenkethi eLviv. Kulungile, "UAnna", ngokuchaseneyo uninzi kula maziko ungandibuthisiyo uthuli ethe zava yale paka kunye ekhwela kwindlela. imenyu zayo kunye, njengoko bekulindelekile, jonga ihlabathi elimangalisayo le iinoveli Bulgakov kaThixo.