Le conductivity thermal zesinyithi nokusetyenziswa kwayo

Metals - into yokuba isakhiwo njengekristale. Xa itshiswe, bayakwazi ukunyibilika, oko kukuthi, zibe kwimeko fluid. Ezinye zazo indawo yokunyibilika eliphantsi: zibe kunyibilika ngokubeka i icephe eziqhelekileyo ukugcina nokulenya khandlela. Le ukhokelo nenkcenkce. Abanye kunyibilika kuphela emlilweni ezizodwa. High indawo yokunyibilika babe nobhedu nesinyithi. Ukuze ukuncitshiswa yayo additive wentsimbi yaziswa. I-aluminiyamu afunyenwe (ziintsimbi, ubhedu, intsimbi, uphoswe, nobhedu) ukuba indawo kwawe ngaphezu metal umzali.

Yini lobushushu yokunyibilika kwalo lenkcenkce? Bonke babe neempawu ezithile - umthamo ubushushu conductivity thermal zesinyithi. Umthamo ubushushu isakhono ukubizela ubushushu xa itshiswe. index yayo zisephezulu - ubushushu ethile. Phantsi yinto yanikwa amandla onako ukufunxa iyunithi ubunzima ngentsimbi leyo afudunyezwe 1 ° C. Ukususela kulo mzobo kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni ipetroli ngokushushubeza workpiece metal ukuya lobushushu oyifunayo. Nobushushu ethile ezininzi iintsimbi na phakathi uluhlu 300-400 J / (kg * K), aluminiyamu metal - 100-2000 J / (kg * K).

Le conductivity thermal zesinyithi - na ukutshintshwa ubushushu ukusuka shushwana ukuya amasuntswana ezibandayo umthetho Fourier xa nokungakwazi kwabo ongatshintshiyo. Kuxhomekeke isakhiwo umbandela, ukwakhiwa kwayo chemical kunye nohlobo bond interatomic. Xa nesinyithi, ukudluliswa ubushushu kudluliselwa elektroni, nezinye izinto isiqina - phonons. Le conductivity thermal ngesinyithi liphezulu, ubume crystalline ugqibeleleyo abanazo. Le elimsulwa ngaphezulu but is, i egqwethekileyo ngakumbi crystal emkhusaneni, kwaye inowuthi conductivity thermal. Alloying ngokwenza ubugqwetha enjalo kubume yesinyithi, kwaye sehlise conductivity wobushushu ngokumalunga metal umzali.

Yonke but is a conductivity elungileyo thermal, kodwa omnye ngaphezu komnye. Umzekelo zesinyithi ezinjalo - negolide, nobhedu nesilivere. Lower conductivity thermal - ithini aluminiyam nesinyithi. Ukwanda conductivity thermal zesinyithi inzuzo okanye ilahleko, kuxhomekeke imihlaba lokusetyenziswa kwazo. Umzekelo, oku kufuna isitya metal ukufudumeza ekhawulezayo ukutya. Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa isinyithi kunye conductivity eliphezulu thermal ukuba nokuveliswa izibambo cookware kwenza kube nzima ukuba usebenzise - ukuphatha kakhulu ngokukhawuleza eshushu, yaye kubo akunakwenzeka ukuba umchukumise. Ngoko ke, esebenzisa izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo apha.

Olunye uphawu metal echaphazela iimpawu zayo - ukwanda thermal. Kubonakala ngathi ukunyuka umthamo metal xa itshiswa kunye nokunciphisa - ngexesha zokupholisa. Le meko ke kunyanzelekile ukuba athathe ingqalelo xa kusenziwa imveliso yesinyithi. Umzekelo, ezineziciko pan wenze invoyisi, ukususela teapots usinike umsantsa phakathi isigubungelo kunye nezindlu ukuze ikhava shushu akukho ngqi.

Kuba metal nganye elalibalwa lomlingani lokwanda thermal. Ixhomekeka ukufudumeza 1 ° C test isampuli ukuba ubude-1 m. Le lomlingani inkulu ziincutshe, zinc, itoti. Ngaphantsi ngayo yobhedu zesilivere. Nkqu ezisezantsi - zentsimbi kunye negolide.

Ngeempawu eekhemikhali iintsimbi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela. Kukho izinyithi asebenzayo (umz, potassium okanye sodium) uyakwazi sokuthatha kweso ngomoya okanye emanzini. Insimbi kakhulu esebenzayo ezintandathu ziquka iqela lokuqala lwezakhi kuthiwa obrak. Baye indawo yokunyibilika kancinci ethambileyo ukuze babe kunqunyulwa ngemela. Ukudibanisa ngamanzi, zakha izisombululo obrak, ke igama labo.

Iqela lesibini inezi iintsimbi ialakalin umhlaba -. Calcium, nemagnesium, njl Bafumana kwizimbiwa ezininzi kunye eqinileyo eliyinjubaqa. Imizekelo yezi zesinyithi, amaqela yesithathu neyesine nezingasetyenziswa yepeyinti aluminium. Kuyinto izinyithi kakhulu uthambile kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa aluminium. Insimbi Inguquko (intsimbi, chromium, nickel, ikopolo, igolide, isilivere) abangathathi esebenzayo, a nzini, yaye ngokufuthi ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo yorhwebo njengoko aluminium.

Isikhundla metal ngamnye kumsebenzi umqolo i ukunyanisa ukukwazi layo sicaphuka. I esebenzayo ngakumbi intsimbi, kungenza kube lula kakhulu uthatha oksijini. Kunzima kakhulu ukuba ahlukane iikhompawundi, ngoxa umsebenzi ephantsi iintlobo zesinyithi zingafunyanwa ngendlela yayo enyulu. Eyona esebenzayo kubo - potassium kesodiyam - Gcina separafini uthatyathwe kuwo ke kwangoko oxidized. Of insimbi ezisetyenziswa kushishino, ubhedu sisesona sisebenzayo ubuncinane. Nako ukwenza amatanki kunye nemibhobho yamanzi ashushu iingcingo zombane.