U-Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy: umzobo wobawo umbhali omkhulu waseRashiya

Umntu ohlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo ebomini ongumlobi odumile waseRashiya uLeon Tolstoy wayengumzali wakhe - Count Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy. Wazalelwa kwi-1794 ekude, ngexesha i-science kunye nobugcisa beyakha ngokukhawuleza eRussia, kwaye ukuvakalelwa kwintlupheko kwintlalo yoluntu.

Intsapho ye-Count N.I.Tolstoy

Uyise kaNicholas Ilyich Tolstoy, u-Ilya Andreevich Tolstoy, wazalwa ngo-1757, wadlulela kwinkonzo yoluntu kwi-navy, kamva wabhaliswa kuBalogcini boBomi nangonyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwamazibulo aseNikolay, ephakanyiswa kwisikhundla se-foreman.

Ngokutsho komzukulu, u-Ilya Andreevich wayengumntu onobubele kwaye onomusa, kodwa "uyisiphukuphuku". Wayehlala ekulungelelanisa imikhosi, iibhola kunye nabadli, ngenxa yoko wachithelwa kwaye, emva kokufa, washiya intsapho. U-Pelageya Nikolaevna, ugogo kaLeon Tolstoy, owayengowentsapho yaseGorchakov, edumileyo kwintsimi yempi, yayingumfazi onemfundo empofu kwaye yachithwa.

Wazalelwa ngo-Juni 26, ngo-1794, uNicholas waba ngumntwana wokuqala kwiintsapho zawo. Emva kwakhe, intombazana yabonakala, ngoko umzalwana, obengumntwana oza kuphila kuye kwaze kwaba sesibhozo, kunye nentombazana.

Yonke into yayiqhubeka njengesiqhelo

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, ekuthiwa eneminyaka emithandathu ubudala, uNikolai wabhaliswa kwinkonzo yoluntu. Emva kokufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-16, wayenesikhundla sesiphathi sikhululo. Xa eneminyaka eyi-17 wangena emkhosini waza wabamba inxaxheba kwimikhosi ngaphandle kwelizwe lakhe. Ngomnyaka we-1824, enesikhundla se-colonel, washiya umhlalaphantsi.

Ngenxa yokunganakwa kukayise, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu kwezoqoqosho, u-Count Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy waba ngumntu. I-biographie yakhe inokuqhubeka kakuhle, kuba, xa watshata ngo-1822 noMaria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, wakwazi ukudala intsapho evuya kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukuphucula isikhundla sakhe semali.

Le ntombazana yayingenayo ngelo xesha ayikho intsha, ayikho ubuhle, kodwa yayifundiswe ngokugqibeleleyo, iyathobekile kwaye iqondakala. Ngexesha lomtshato noNikolai Tolstoy, abazali bakhe babengasaphila, kwaye udade kuphela kuphela owafa esemntwana. I-Volkonskaya ifunde kakhulu, idlala umculo kwaye yazi ezine ilwimi zangaphandle.

Kwifa lakwaJasnaya Polyana, elizuzwa ngumsindisi uMary, intsapho yaseTolstoy yayihlala yodwa, kodwa ngokuvuya. Kwaphela iminyaka eyisi-8 banika ubomi oonyana abane kunye nentombi enye. ULo waba ngumntwana omncinane. Kwaye emva kokuzalwa kwentombi yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba ngumama, uMaria Nikolaevna Tolstaya wadlula.

Ubomi emva kokufa komfazi

Emva kokufa komkakhe, u-Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy wayehlala nabantwana bakhe eYasnaya Polyana. UTatyana uAleksandrovna Ergolskaya, owayengowesihlobo esikude saseTolstoy, wayebandakanyekile ekukhuliseni abantwana bakhe abahlanu. U-Nikolai Ilyich waqhubeka ekhokela ubomi bodwa, eshiya indlu kuphela xa kuyimfuneko ukulungisa imiba enxulumene namatyala kayise, okanye ukuphuma kunye nabahlobo ukuzingela. Wachitha ixesha elininzi kubantwana, kwimicimbi yezoqoqosho kunye neencwadi zokufunda.

NgoJulayi 1937, ngelixa eseshishini kwiTula, wafa ngokukhawuleza. "Ukuxhatshazwa kwamanzi", ngoogqirha, yaba isizathu sokuba uNikolai Ilich Tolstoy afe. I-biografi emfutshane ka-baba yomlobi omkhulu waseRashiya iphetha kule nto, kodwa imemori yakhe iminyaka emininzi yayigcinwa entliziyweni kaLeon Tolstoy kwaye yabonakaliswa kwezinye zezenzo zakhe.

Iingcamango zengqondo

U-Nikolai Tolstoy, ngokonyana wakhe omncinci, wayeyindoda efanelekileyo kwaye "akazange ahlazeke phambi komntu." Umlingiswa wakhe wawubaluleke kakhulu kwabanye. Wayenomdla obalaseleyo, wayethanda ukuzondla abo bayijikelezile ngeengqungquthela.

Ukususela kwiifrajithi ezinokuhlala umntu unokugweba indlela uNikolai Ilich Tolstoy abonakala ngayo - isithunzi ngaloo mihla yayingenanto. Ekukhunjuleni kwakhe kwasekuqaleni kukaLeo Nikolayevich, uyise wayebonakaliswa njengendoda eyakhelwe kakuhle, ehlala ehlala entle, kodwa enamahloni.

Ingxaki yabantwana

Unyana omkhulu uNikola wayefana kakhulu nonina ngokuthobeka kwakhe nangengqiqo. Emva kokugqiba eMoscow, kwaye emva koko esuka eYunivesithi yaseKazan, wangena emkhosini. Kungekudala emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, wathuthela ezantsi kweFransi, apho wafa ngesifo sofuba, ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele kwiminyaka apho uyise wafa khona.

USergei Tolstoy wanikwa ubuhle obungavamile, ubuchule bokucula kunye nenzululwazi, okubangela ukumnceda u-Lev Nikolaevich. Njengomzalwana wakhe omdala, waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan, waphumelela kwintsimi yomkhosi. Nangona kunjalo, wayehlala endala kakhulu, enentsapho.

UDmitry Nikolaevich Tolstoy wabulawa ngokutya, engafikeleli kwiminyaka engama-30. Wayeyindoda ekhulileyo kunye nengqiqo. Waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan, kodwa akazange aphumelele emkhosini. UMaria Nikolaevna, owayengamazi unina, waqeqeshwa endlwini yasebhola yaseKazzan yamantombazana ahloniphekileyo. Wahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwama-80. Wazala abantwana aba-4 kumlingane osemthethweni, kwaye emva kokuqhawula umtshato kunye naye-intombi yomyeni womntu. Iminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo wayesehlala kwiindwendwe, eshiya imemori enhle.

U-Nikolai Ilich Tolstoy akazange acinge ukuba wayebe nguyise womlobi omkhulu. Ekuqaleni, uLoot Tolstoy akazange abonise nayiphi na inqweno yesayensi kwaye, ababhalise kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan, ngokungafani nabazalwana bakhe babengenakukugqiba. Emva kokushiya kwiCaucasus, uphumelela kwimpumpi yasemkhosini kwaye ngokufanayo ubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala.

Emva kokuhlala nomkakhe uSophia iminyaka eyi-17 e-Yasnaya Polyana, waba ngu-13 abantwana. Isibalo sasizibandakanya kwinkqubo yezikolo, zivelise izixhobo zokufundisa. Ukuba kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe nguyise weencwadi zesiRashiya, ulahlekelwa ngumdla kule ntsimi, echitha ubomi bakhe bonke ekufuneni kwezenkolo.

"Ubuntwana", "iMfazwe noxolo", "u-Anna Karenina" waba liqhayiya leencwadi zesiRashiya. Ukuba u-Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy wayephila ngexesha lokuba unyana wakhe uphumelele, wayeya kuqonda ukuba yintoni inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni ukubhala kwelizwe lakhe.