Ubomi kunye nobuchule Bunin. Izihloko Creativity Bunin

Umbhali omkhulu Russian kunye Nobel Prize, imbongi, umbhali, umgxeki loncwadi kunye nombhali iprozi kunye ngumguquleli. La magama abonisa imisebenzi, impumelelo kunye nobuchule Bunin. uye multi-ohlalele umdla yonke Ubomi lo mbhali, njalo wayekhetha indlela yakhe yaye abazange baphulaphule abo bazama 'ukwakha' obujonga ngayo ubomi, yena akazibandakanyi na kuluntu uncwadi, ingakumbi iqela lezopolitiko. Oku kunganxulunyaniswa kwabo bantu baba ekhethekileyo umsebenzi wakhe.

ebuntwaneni yokuqala

Ngo-Oktobha 10 (phantsi Art. Style) 1870 kwisixeko Voronezh, ndazalwa inkwenkwana encinane, Ivan Bunin, engobomi kunye nobuchule leyo kwixesha elizayo kukushiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo Kukhazimlayo, iincwadi Russian kunye nehlabathi.

Nangona isibakala sokuba Ivan Bunin yeyendlu intsapho yamandulo ezindilekileyo, esengumntwana senzeka kungekhona kwisixeko esikhulu, yaye omnye amakhaya zooyise (ukuba kwifama encinane). Abazali ayikwazanga mali yakuqesha wawungumkhapheli labucala. Malunga ixesha xa Bunin wakhula waza wafunda indlu, umbhali wakhumbula ubomi ngaphezu kanye. Eli xesha "yegolide 'ebomini bakhe, wathetha kakuhle kuphela. Ukubonga kunye nentlonipho ukhumbula ukuba umfundi e Moscow University, apho, ngokutsho kombhali, kwaye bavuswe kuye amkhanuke uncwadi, kuba, nangona ubudala netakane layo, lo iincwadi zokuqala, abafunda Ivan kancinane, kwaba "Odyssey" yaye "Imbongi IsiNgesi." Nkqu Bunin kamva wathi le umfutho ukuya versification nokubhala jikelele kuqala. Kwanele wabonisa ekuqaleni yokuluka Ivan Bunin. Abongile ifumene ibinzana kwi umfundi italente yakhe. Wayifunda ngokugqibeleleyo izenzo zabo, kwaye uxhase abaphulaphuli dullest.

ISifundo kwisikolo semfundo ephakamileyo

Xa Vanya wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, abazali bam wagqiba ukuba ufikelele kwiminyaka yobudala xa sele kunokwenzeka ukuba ayinike ukuya esikolweni. Ngoko Ivan waqalisa ukufunda kwi Elets yokuzilolonga. Ngeli xesha wahlala kude nabazali babo, nabazalwana babo Yelets. Ukwamkelwa kwabafundi esikolweni kwaye waqalisa ukufunda ingongoma ethile yenguqu kuye, ngokuba le nkwenkwe abo bonke ubomi bakhe phambi kokuba oku wayehlala nabazali bakhe nangokusebenzayo ukuba ezinye iintsilelo, kwakunzima ngokwenene ukuba siqhelane ubomi kwisixeko entsha. Imithetho ezintsha nakubungqongqo nezithintelo ziquka ebomini bakhe. Kamva ke wayehlala ezindlini ayiqeshileyo, kodwa zange bazive bekhululekile kwezi zindlu. ISifundo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yathatha ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba emva kweminyaka 4 kokuba agxothwe. Isizathu yaba ukusilela imali yesikolo kunye nokungabikho ekhefini.

Way ongaphandle

Emva kokuba bonke badlula Ivan Bunin kuhlala kwilifa kagogo wakhe ongasekhoyo kwi Ozerki. Phantsi kwesikhokelo umzalwana wakhe omkhulu uYuliyo, yena ulimi kusaqulunqwa iikhosi eziya kuthatha indawo ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Ezinye izinto wafundisa nzima. Ke kaloku nkqu unyaka eyunivesithi. UYuliyo, lo mzalwana omkhulu Ivana Bunina, wayesoloko hlukile erudition. Ngoko ke, nguye lowo wanceda lo umninawa esikolweni. E Julia no Ivan baba ulwalamano kakhulu othembela. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nguye owaba umfundi wokuqala kunye ekugxekeni ekuqaleni kusebenza Ivana Bunina.

Umgca wokuqala

Ngokutsho umbhali kuye, italente yakhe elizayo saphenjelelwa amabali izalamane nabahlobo, leyo weva kuloo ndawo apho wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe. Kwaba khona ukuba wafunda wokuqala kunye nezo kunye awohluke ulwimi lweenkobe, esiva amabali kunye iingoma, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo ziye zanceda umbhali ukufumana uthelekiso ebalulekileyo imisebenzi yakhe. Konke oku yeyona ndlela ilungileyo ngayo italente Bunin.

Waqalisa ukubhala izibongo esemncinane. Bunin ubuchule azalwe, singatsho ukuba umbhali elizayo wayeneminyaka esixhenxe kuphela ubudala. Xa zonke ezinye abantwana ukufunda nje ukufunda, Ivan encinane sele iqalile ukuba babhale imibongo. Yena ngokwenene wayefuna ukuba nempumelelo, ukuthelekisa engqondweni wumbi Pushkin, Lermontov. Ngolangazelelo ukufunda imisebenzi Maikova, Tolstoy, Fet.

Kwasekuqaleni bobuchule professional

Okokuqala uvele print Ivan Bunin, kakhulu, womelele ngokwanelisayo oselula, oko kukuthi iminyaka engama-16. Ubomi kunye nobuchule Bunin jikelele kusoloko ngokusondeleyo munye. Kaloku, konke oko yaqala, Kakade ke, ezincinane, xa ababini yemibongo zakhe ziye zapapashwa: ". Village mngqibi" ". Le ingcwaba S. Ya Nadsona" yaye Kulo nyaka, alishumi intle nemibongo yakhe nangamabali yokuqala "Owasasaza Ababini" yaye "Nefedka" ezazibhalwe. Le micimbi ekuqaleni umsebenzi noncwadi wembongi enkulu umbhali. Ixesha lokuqala yakhethwa mxholo imisebenzi yakhe - indoda. Xa umsebenzi Bunin isihloko psychology, iimfihlakalo umphefumlo kuhlala ezingundoqo kumgca wokugqibela.

Ngowe-1889, i-Bunin oselula, phantsi kwempembelelo nezazi yezithuthi revolution-yedemokhrasi - populists, ihamba kunye nomzalwana wakhe eKharkov. Kodwa kungekudala wadana kule intshukumo, yaye ngokukhawuleza uyahamba. Kunokuba Intsebenziswano populists, waya kwisixeko Eagle yaye apho aqale umsebenzi wakhe 'Orlovsky kwiGazethi ". ingqokelela yakhe yokuqala yemibongo epapashwe ngo-1891.

uthando lokuqala

Nangona isibakala sokuba phezu imixholo ubomi bobuchule Bunin zaye kwenkangeleko, phantse yonke incwadi yokuqala yemibongo kuxhotyiswa kunye namava ye-Ivan oselula. Kanye ngeli xesha umbhali uthando lokuqala. Wayehlala ligosa likarhulumente kunye Varvaroy Paschenko, owaba Ndithelekelele lombhali. Ngoko okokuqala ukubonisa uthando emsebenzini Bunin kaThixo. Young basoloko bexabana, akazange afumane ulwimi olufanayo. Yonke into eyenzeka ebomini babo kunye, lonke ixesha wamenza kudana ucinge, nokuba uthando amava ezixabisa ezinjalo? Maxa wambi kwabonakala ukuba umntu nje akafuni ngaphezu ukuba kunye. Okokuqala ukuba ukuyekiswa uyise uBarbara ukuba emtshatweni ngabantu abatsha, kwaye kangoko xa besenza isigqibo kuhlala kumtshato waseburhulumenteni, Ivan Bunin singalindelanga ifumana ezininzi ezingalunganga ebomini babo kunye, uze badane ngokupheleleyo kuyo. Kamva Bunin yenza izigqibo ngokwabo, ukuba Varvara ezingafanelanga omnye komnye ngokulwa, yaye kungekudala abantu abaselula ushiye nje. Phantse nangoko Varvara Pascenco atshate nomnye Bunin. Oku kwasizi- amava abanzi kombhali abatsha. Yena badana ebomini nothando ngokupheleleyo.

umsebenzi echumayo

Ngeli xesha, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Bunin ayikho efana kakhulu. Umbhali isigqibo ukuncama injabulo, wonke umsebenzi zinikwa. Ngeli thuba, yonke mhlophe kuvela uthando ezibuhlungu kumsebenzi Bunin kaThixo.

Phantse ngexesha elifanayo ukuba abalekele ubulolo, wafudukela umzalwana wakhe Julius e Poltava. Xa uncwadi kukho ukwanda. amabali akhe ziprintwe kwiijenali phambili, imisebenzi uncwadi, yena zithanda. Izihloko Ubuchule Bunin becala esingelwe phantsi umntu, imfihlelo komphefumlo Slavic, indalo emangalisayo Russian kunye nothando nokuzincama.

Kanye ngo-1895, Bunin waba eSt Petersburg eMoscow, yena ngcembe waqala ukungena kwimekobume boncwadi enkulu kuyo kufanelekile organic kakhulu. Apha wadibana Bryusov, Sologub, Kuprin, yaseChekhov, Balmont, Grigorovich.

Kamva, uIvan uqalisa ukuba babhalele yaseChekhov. It yaseChekhov Bunin kwangaphambili ukuba uza "Umbhali enkulu 'kuwo. Kamva, ubhidwe wokushumayela yokuziphatha ka Tolstoy, uIvan yenza kuye izithixo zabo uzama nkqu ixesha elithile ukuze siphile ngokuvisisana icebiso lakhe. Bunin wacela abaphulaphuli Tolstoy uzukile ukuba ukudibana umbhali omkhulu yena.

A nqanaba entsha ngendlela enobuchule

Ngowe-1896 Bunin uzama ngokwakhe indima itoliki ye imisebenzi yobugcisa. Kulo nyaka mnye wapapasha inguqulelo yakhe imisebenzi Longfellow kaThixo "Ingoma Hiawatha." Kulo msebenzi wokuguqulela Bunin zonke wabona kwelinye icala. bexesha lakhe eyaziwayo kakhulu iitalente bakhe, badumisa umsebenzi zombhali. Ivan Bunin ngenxa kuguqulelwe Pushkin Prize udidi yokuqala, okuye ekuchithekeni umbhali, kwaye ngoku netoliki, ngakumbi neqhayiya ngempumelelo yabo. Ngokuba indumiso omkhulu onjalo Bunin wachitha ngokoqobo umsebenzi yemidlalo. Ngapha koko, waguqulela imisebenzi enjalo kufuna unyamezelo kunye italente, yaye umbhali kwafuneka enze ngakumbi ukufunda ngokwabo IsiNgesi wabo. Ngenxa yokuba le nguqulelo wabonisa waphumelela.

A umzamo wesibili ukutshata

Ukuhlala njalo long ezamahala, kwakhona Bunin wagqiba kwelokuba batshate. Eli xesha ke unyule loo mfazi yamaGrike, ntombi emigrant A. osisityebi N. Tsakni. Kodwa lo mtshato, ngathi wokugqibela, uye uvuyo yombhali. Emva konyaka, ubomi bentsapho umfazi wakhe ngasekhohlo. Emtshatweni, wazala unyana. Little uKolya wafa abaselula kakhulu, eneminyaka engama-5, ukususela meningitis. Ivan Bunin ilahleko unxilile kuphela komntwana wakhe. Ngoko ke kwakukho ubomi nekamva umbhali ukuba abantwana abaninzi akazange.

iminyaka ephakathi

Incwadi yokuqala amabali amafutshane osihloko sithi "Ngomhla ngohlangothi ihlabathi" epapashwe ngo-1897. Phantse zonke yagxekwa kakhulu umxholo wayo omhle kakhulu. Emva konyaka kufika omnye ingqokelela yemibongo, "Xa izulu livulekile." Kuyinto le misebenzi kwaye wazisa baduma zombhali kuncwadi Russian ngelo xesha. emfutshane Bunin yendalo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye capacious, wanika uluntu, nto leyo ethakazelelwe kakhulu yaye wamkela italente yombhali.

Kodwa ukuthandwa iprozi enkulu ngokwenene Bunin waphumelela ngowe-1900, xa ibali "Apples isemoyeni" sapapashwa. Yenza umsebenzi osekelwe kwiinkumbulo lombhali kwilali yakhe yobuntwana. Ngokuba lixesha yokuqala ibonisa ngokucacileyo uhlobo emsebenzini Bunin kaThixo. Elo xesha esezweni yobuntwana batsho kuye iimvakalelo kunye neenkumbulo zam engcono kakhulu. Intloko umfundi egxile ekwindla ezintle yokuqala, ezitsala umbhali, nje xa niqokelela isemoyeni Apples. Kuba Bunin ko, ukwamkelwa yakhe, baba iinkumbulo kakhulu eninzi, bawabone. Kwakumnandi, ubomi benene nokunganaki. Kodwa yokuduka livumba ezohlukileyo apile - ufana ekutshabalaleni bonke ukuba umbhali lizise okuninzi iziyolo.

Emangalelwa imvelaphi amanene

Abaninzi zithathwa ixabiso ambiguously ukuchaza "ivumba apile" umsebenzi "Apples isemoyeni" ngenxa yokuba lo mlinganiswa ngoyena sobufundisi ngokusondeleyo kakhulu uphawu ungunyana wabanumzana, leyo, ngenxa ngemvelaphi Bunin akazange basemzini kuye. Ezi zibakala zikhokelele kwinto yokuba abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe, ezifana Mxim Gorky, yaba umsebenzi ugxekwa Bunin kaThixo, ilizwi ivumba-apile elungileyo isemoyeni, kodwa azisezeli kwaphela lwentando yesininzi. Nangona kunjalo, i Gorky efanayo uthe wababalwa uncwadi kwimveliso kunye italente Bunin.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ngenxa Bunin emangalelwa imvelaphi yakhe amanene lutho. Waye ekuzaziseni yalapha okanye ikratshi. ezininzi kakhulu ngexesha ukhangela Iintsingiselo ngemisebenzi Bunin, efuna ukubonisa ukuba umbhali liva kakubi ngenxa yokuduka serfdom kunye ngabafo ukulinganisa ngokwayo. Kodwa Bunin emsebenzini wakhe waphum ingcamango eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Wayengenguye nosizi kutshintshwe inkqubo, kwaye Kulusizi ukuba yonke ubomi passes, yaye isibakala sokuba sonke wayemthanda ngentliziyo kanye ngokupheleleyo, kodwa isekelwe elidlulileyo ... Kubuhlungu ukuba akukho kuphinda ivuyela nohlobo ezweni lokuzalwa kwaye ubuhle bayo.

umbhali ukuzulazula

Ivan Bunin esaphila kwaba intliziyo umntu yoyilo. Mhlawumbi Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba ixesha elide akazange besingazilazilanga, wayekuthanda ukuya kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, apho ayedla wasikhelela iimbono kuba imisebenzi yabo.

Ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1900 ahamba nalo Kurowski eYurophu. Wayetyelele eJamani, eSwitzerland, France. Kanye emva kweminyaka emi-3 ukususela omnye umhlobo wam - wemidlalo Naydenov - yena wabuyela eFransi, watyelela Italy. Ngowe-1904, nomdla yohlobo eCaucasus, ugqiba ukuya khona. Uhambo akubanga lilize. Olu hambo ukutyhubela iminyaka emininzi Bunin waphefumlela yonke uthotho lwamabali "Birds Shadow", ezi zinto zinxulumene eCaucasus. ihlabathi wabona ngo-1907-1911 gg., wabonakala kuye ibali kamva ngowe-1925, "amanzi amaninzi", waphefumlelwa yimvelo elimangalisayo le mmandla Ezi amabali.

Ngeli xesha, abaninzi ngokucacileyo ibonakala uhlobo emisebenzini Bunin. Yaba yenye inkalo italente umbhali - ukuhamba izincoko.

"Le othole wothando lwenu, ayigcine ..."

Life of Ivana Bunina abantu abaninzi. Abanye zabanjwa waphuma ebomini, abanye wahlala ixesha elide. Umzekelo oku Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. Bunin wadibana naye ngoNovemba 1906, endlwini umhlobo. Ezikrelekrele afunda kumashishini ezininzi, ngokwenene elo bhinqa umhlobo wakhe omkhulu, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe, elungiselela ukushicilela umbhalo wakhe. Wabhala incwadi ethi 'The Life of Bunin ", ongenise iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kunye umdla nobomi zombhali. Uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wathi kuye: "Ngaphandle kwakho bendingayi kuba nantoni na ebhaliweyo. Nguye iphelile! "

Apha, uthando kunye nobuchule ebomini Bunin obumisiweyo kwakhona ukufumana omnye. Mhlawumbi lo mzuzu ukuya Bunin, kwafika ukuqonda ukuba wafumana omnye wafuna iminyaka emininzi. Yena lo mfazi azithandayo, umntu ohlala naye ukuxhasa ngephanyazo nzima, a comrade ngubani na kundingcatsha. Ekubeni neqabane ubomi bakhe baba Muromtseva, umbhali nomkhosi omtsha wayefuna ukwenza zizakhele into entsha, umdla, crazy, ukuba wamnika amandla obomi. Kwaba ngelo xesha ke uvuka kwakhona umhambi, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1907 Bunin uhambo isiqingatha Asia and Afrika.

ingqalelo kwihlabathi

Kweli thuba ukususela 1907 ukuya 1912 Bunin zange ayeke ukudala. Yaye wawongwa Pushkin iBhaso yesibini ngo-1909 ngenxa "Imihobe 1903-1906 'yakhe. Kukho qatha engqondweni umntu imisebenzi Bunina I O Undoqo seentshukumo zabantu, nto leyo umbhali uzama ukuqonda. Kwabakho kuphawulwa iinguqulelo ezininzi, nto leyo wenza akukho brilliant ngaphantsi kokuqamba imisebenzi emitsha.

11/09/1933 of siganeko senzeke, nto leyo yaba kukuba umsebenzi yoncwadi zombhali. Wafumana ileta, ukwazisa ukuba Bunin wawongwa Prize Nobel. Ivan Bunin - umbhali yokuqala Russian ngubani wawongwa eli bhaso omkhulu umvuzo. umsebenzi wakhe yayina - kuba edumileyo. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa ukuba agqalwe ngeyona nto intle yentsimi yakhe. Kodwa Bunin akazange bayeke imisebenzi yabo njani umbhali odumileyo, uye wasebenza, unamandla ahlaziyiweyo.

Umxholo lwendalo imisebenzi Bunin gqolo ukuhlala enye yeendawo eziphambili. Ezininzi umbhali ubhala ngothando. Nantsi ke imbangi yokuba nabagxeki ukuthelekisa creative Kuprin kunye Bunin. Eneneni, kukho ukufana abaninzi imisebenzi yabo. Bona abhalwe ngolwimi olulula yaye unyanisekile, zizele lyricism, obunomfonomfo bayancokola. Abalinganiswa gca ezingcakacileyo kakhulu (ukusuka kwindawo nangokwasengqondweni imbono.) Apha, ngomlinganiso weendawo enengqondo, abantu bayancokola kakhulu.

Thelekisa creative Kuprin kunye Bunin unika sizathu ukuchonga iimpawu ezinjalo oqhelekileyo iimveliso zabo, njengoko bayahlelwa ngokubulawa kwale ophambili, ingxelo ukuba naluphi na ulonwabo lixabiso elihlawulelwa, nokuphakanyiswa uthando ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye iimvakalelo zabantu. Zombini ababhali kunye ubuchule babo bathi intsingiselo yobomi eluthandweni, nokuba indoda eyaziyo, abaneetalente, uthando, alufanele unqulo.

isiphelo

ubomi Umbhali elikhulu yaphazamiseka ngoNovemba 8 1953 eParis, apho yena nomfazi wakhe bafuduka emva kokuqala i-Red Terror eSoviet Union. Yena wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni Russian ka Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Bunin ubuchule ngokufutshane chaza oko nje akunakwenzeka. Endiyidalele ubomi bam eninzi kunene, lifanelwe umsebenzi wakhe zonke ingqalelo.

Kunzima ukuba zazi igalelo bakhe kuphela iincwadi Russian kodwa iincwadi ehlabathini. imisebenzi yakhe ezithandwa ngexesha lethu, phakathi kwabantu abatsha phakathi badala. Eneneni uncwadi akukho ubudala kwaye usoloko efanelekileyo echukumisayo. Kwaye ngoku ethandwa Ivan Bunin. Biography kanye nomsebenzi umbhali yenza intlonelo ezininzi umdla nangokunyaniseka.