Ibsen Genrik: engobomi, ubuchule, yokubhalwa

Ibsen Genrik wenza i lee - wadala waza wavula drama ihlabathi Norwegian Norwegian yeqonga. imisebenzi yakhe romantic ekuqaleni, ukuba njengoko izifundo sagas yamandulo yaseScandinavia ( "Warriors Helgelade", "Umzabalazo ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi"). Emva koko atyekela ukuqonda yentanda elingumqondiso zehlabathi ( "Brand", "Peer Gynt"). Ekugqibeleni, Ibsen Genrik uza ukugxeka ubomi banamhlanje ( "Indlu A uDoll kaThixo," "Ghosts," "Utshaba of the People"). Eziguquguqukayo asakhasayo, H. Ibsen ifuna ngemisebenzi yamva ekukhululweni epheleleyo woMntu.

ebuntwaneni wemidlalo

Intsapho zomrhwebi osisityebi ye Norwegian Ibsen, abahlala nakwelasezantsi, kwidolophu Skien, nyana UHenrik apho ngo-1828. Kodwa emva kweminyaka esibhozo kuphela ubudala, yaye intsapho ibharhile. Ubomi uyawa, baphuma wesangqa eqhelekileyo zokunxibelelana ubunzima ukungalali ngeenxa kunye nokugculelwa zabanye. Ibsen Genrik kangako novakalelo malunga notshintsho. Noko ke, esikolweni, yena uqala nokumothusa ootitshala kunye kwiincwadi zabo. Childhood luphele ngo-16 ubudala, xa wafudukela kwidolophu ezikufutshane waba wemithi osafunda. Usebenza ekhemisi kwiminyaka emihlanu kwaye yonke le minyaka uphupha bafudukele kwikomkhulu.

Kwisixeko Christiania

Lo mfana, Ibsen Genrik, uzayo kwisixeko esikhulu kwaye Christiania, xa izinto usizi, uthathe inxaxheba ebomini kwezopolitiko. Yena uyakwazi ukubeka umdlalo omfutshane "udonga Herculean." Kodwa yakhe "Catiline" kukho lwedrama evenkileni. isaziso sakhe kwaye umenywe ukuba iseBergen.

The National Theatre

E Bergen Ibsen Genrik uba umlawuli yeqonga nomlawuli. Naye in repertoire yokubonela siquka nemidlalo yakudala - kaShakespeare welali, nayo Dumas - eziqwenga aseScandanavia. Eli xesha liya kuhlala ubomi ekuchubekeni ukususela 1851 ukuya 1857. Emva koko ke wabuyela Christiania.

Kwikomkhulu,

Ngeli xesha, ikomkhulu wambulisa ngakumbi ngobubele. Ibsen Genrik wamiselwa umlawuli we yeqonga. Emva konyaka, ngowe-1858, eyayibanjelwe umtshato wakhe USusanna Thoresen, ngubani na oya kuba noyolo. Ngeli xesha, ehamba theatre Norwegian, ukuba sele iyinto eyamkelwa umbhali ekhaya Bulelani ngomdlalo zembali "pier Sulhauge". midlalo lakhe ngaphambili ngokuphindaphindiweyo uyibeke eqongeni. Le "Warriors Helgelade", "Olav Lilekrans". Badlala amaKristu kuphela, kodwa eJamani, eSweden, Denmark. Kodwa xa ngo-1862 awabasondezayo ukuba umdlalo yoluntu satirical - "comedy ngothando," nto leyo bamhleka ingcamango uthando nokutshata, iNkampani zilungiswe ngokunxulumene umbhali ukuze achaseneyo ukuba kwiminyaka emibini kamva wanyanzelwa ukuba ashiye ikhaya lakhe. Ngoncedo abahlobo, ufumana imali, waya eRoma.

phesheya

ERoma, wayehlala wazifihla waza wabhala vesi ukudlala "Brand" kule minyaka 1865-1866. hero lomdlalo - Brand umbingeleli ufuna ukuphelela engaphakathi, leyo, ukuba iphume njengokuba phandle, ehlabathini akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo. Elahla umfazi kunye nonyana wakhe. Kodwa imibono yakhe eqhelekileyo ukuba bayafunwa, akukho amagunya okanye ezizezomoya yehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, awulahle iinkolelo zabo, iqhawe uyafa. Oku ngokwemvelo, kuba yakhe uphela yayintsha sa.

Ukufudukela Germany

Ekubeni wayehlala e Trieste, Dresden, G. Ibsen ekugqibeleni ime ku eMunich. Ngowe-1867 wapapasha omnye umsebenzi zemibongo - ephambene ngqo umdlalo umbingeleli uphambene "Ukuxhobela Gynt". Isiphumo sale mbongo yothando kwenzeka eNorway, e Morocco, kwiSahara eYiputa kwakhona eNorway. Kwenye ilali encinane, apho aphambukele khona guy oselula, uya kuthathwa Joe Blow, ukulwa ngubani na ukucinga ngendlela anokubanceda ngayo unina wakhe. Wayenomsebenzi uNothozamile intombi entle solveig, kodwa yena akafuni kuba oko kubi kakhulu ukuba igama. Lane uya kungena emahlathini kwaye idibana intombi uKumkani Forest, apho ukulungele ukutshata, kodwa ngenxa yoko kufuneka ude ube badla embi. Nzima abasindileyo akhu- oominenga ehlathini, adibana kunye bafa ezandleni unina wakhe. Emva koko, iminyaka emininzi ehamba ehlabathini lonke, ekugqibeleni, oko kuye ebuxhegweni nasezimvini-iinwele, ubuyela elalini yakhe. Akukho mntu owaziyo, ngaphandle Pugovichnika wizard ngubani na ukulungele zinyibilike umphefumlo wakhe iqhosha. Per ecela ziphole ukungqina benza umlingo ukuba umntu wonke, kunokuba engenabuntu. Kwaye ngoko ke, tumbleweed, udibana ezithile uye akhule solveig endala. Kungelo xesha ke uyaqonda ukuba wasinda ngokukholwa kunye nothando yomfazi, elinde ixesha elide kangaka kuye. Kuyinto ibali fantastic ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo wadalwa yi UHenrik Ibsen. Imisebenzi ngokubanzi isekelwe kwingcinga yokuba kukho umntu wonke ulwa ukunqongophala ukuthanda kunye okubi nabantu bengabalulekanga.

World udumo

Ekupheleni kwale 70s Ibsen idlala kuqala ukubeka ehlabathini lonke. ukugxeka ubomi mihla, weqonga iingcamango zenza umsebenzi Genrika Ibsena. Wabhala imisebenzi ezinkulu ezifana: 1877 - "The Pillars of Society", 1879 - "Indlu A uDoll kaThixo", 1881 - "Ghosts" ngo-1882 - "Utshaba of the People", 1884 - "The Dada Wild" 1886 - "Rosmersholm", 1888 - "Lady elwandle", 1890 - ". Hedda Gabler"

Kuzo zonke ezi imidlalo H. Ibsen ubuza umbuzo ofanayo: ngaba kunokwenzeka ebomini mihla aphile inyaniso, ngaphandle ubuxoki, ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa iminqweno imbeko? Okanye ke kuyimfuneko ukuba angenise nesithethe ngokubanzi kwaye bonke bakubetha ngoyaba. Ulonwabo, ngokutsho Ibsen, akunakwenzeka. Ome eshumayela inyaniso, iqhawe "Le Dada Wild" itshabalalisa uyolo enye. Ewe, oko zisekelwe kubuxoki, kodwa umntu wayonwabile. Imikhuba nobuhle izinyanya kuma emva "imimoya" amaqhawe, yaye bathanda tracings zooyise, kunye nabantu akangaphandle ngubani na ukufezekisa ulonwabo. Nora ukusuka 'Indlu unodoli kaThixo "uyawalwela ilungelo bazive ngathi umntu, kungekhona unodoli omhle. Kwaye ike eshiya indlu. Kwaye akukho ulonwabo kuye. Zonke ezi ziqendu zowiso, ngaphandle mhlawumbi omnye, baphantsi scheme ngqongqo kwaye ingcamango yombhali - amaqhawe abamiselwe ekulweni kuluntu lonke. Aba abagxothiweyo, kodwa boyisiwe. Hedda Gabler uyawalwela wazichasa ngokwakhe, nenyaniso yokuba yena umfazi, owathi, akubon 'ukuba uzekile, kuyanyanzeleka nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe kuzala. umfazi Born, ufuna ukuba baziphathe ngendlela ngokukhululekileyo njengokuba nawuphi na umntu. Yena mhle yaye bayathatheka, kodwa hayi ezamahala nokuba ukhetho ebomini bakhe, akukho ukhetho yakhe ekungaqinisekwanga ngayo ikamva labo. Ngoko ke awukwazi kuphila.

UHenrik Ibsen: kuchaphulo olu

Babonakalisa ihlabathi lakhe kuphela, kodwa mhlawumbi kuya kuchukumisa imitya umphefumlo umntu:

• "Lowo inamandla olwela yedwa."
• "Yintoni kwajikelele ebutsheni bakhe, kufika nasebudaleni."
• "Iwaka mazwi aya kushiya yesikhululo incinane memory of isenzo omnye."
• "Umphefumlo womntu - kwimicimbi yakhe."

ekhaya

Ngowe-1891, H. Ibsen emva lokungabikho konyaka-27, wabuyela eNorway. Uya kubhala inani edlalwa, naye uya usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kodwa ngo-1906, zonke icala iphazamisa ubomi umbhali obalaseleyo, ezifana UHenrik Ibsen. ngobomi bakhe kuphelile.