Ubude ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait Nangoku akwaziwa ncam. Imbali, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo ibhulorho phesheya Kerch Strait

Uyilo kwebhulorho kunxweme ye Taman Peninsula phesheya Kerch Strait lithe lanomfutho ngoko nangoko emva begazi ye eCrimea ne-Russia. Xa isiphambuka entsha yezithuthi izakubekwa ukusebenza, uya ukuxhuma ngqo ummandla Krasnodar kunye eCrimea. Ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ibekelwe bucala ukuba umsebenzi uyilo kunye uphando ekwakhiweni ngokwayo. Nangona kungalindelekanga kwaziwa uya kuba yintoni na ubude ibhulorho ngaphesheya Kerch Strait. Mhlawumbi izinze ukuze amaxesha 2 ngaphezulu kunobukhulu zokwakha ezifanayo ngo-1944. Modern ibhulorho owelela kakhulu ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso kwezokhenketho kummandla kunye nezolimo.

Ibhulorho ngaphesheya Kerch Strait. photos project

Iiprojekthi kweendawo yokuwela yezothutho thaca ziingcali ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Transport of the Russian Federation kunye namalungu ikhomishini kwamasebe. Enye izibonelelo zothutho omtsha eCrimea - ibhulorho level-ezimbini phesheya Kerch Strait - kuyakudityaniswa (indlela kwanezo zisebenzisa umzila). Esi sigqibo ingcali Ministry emva kokufunda zonke iinketho beza.

Abayili ndadala iiprojekthi 74 ezahlukeneyo kweendleko, ubude iindlela zokufikelela. Phakathi kwazo kukho iindlela Ukwakhiwa kwetonela ukusuka iingongoma saseTuzla neehagu. entsimini ziingcali zokwakha kwebhulorho ingqalelo onke amathuba, kodwa kuqatshelwe ukuba msele iya kuba ibiza ngaphezu adluleyo, kwaye kuya kufuneka ukuba sisebenzele ngaphezulu. Igama elithi kokwakhiwa kwebhulorho edityanisiweyo kuzo lexinene - iminyaka 3.5. Kukho iinketho yokwakhiwa wepaseji zothutho ukusuka izibuko "Caucasus" kunye namanye amanqaku. Photo of enye yezi projekthi kunika uluvo lokuba le indibaniselwano level-ezimbini iindlela kunye nemizila kaloliwe.

Iiprojekthi ethembisayo

Iingcali ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoThutho kunye neKomishoni kwamasebe bahlolisisa ngenyameko zonke iiprojekthi ze ibhulorho phakathi eCaucasus kunye eCrimea. Eyona ethembisayo waqonda lunee 4 74 kaThixo. Ngasinye ubude ezahlukileyo ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait:

1. "Northern" - indlela maxolo Cape kunye m engile Small ubude balo km 10.3 ..
2. "Zhukovsky" - ibhulorho esuka Zhukovka inxenye ukumtshicela iihagu, ubude - 6.3 km.
3. "Yenikalsky" - ibhulorho elimxinwa kulungelelaniso Strait ka-5,7 km ubude.
4. "ZaseTuzla" - inguqu ukusuka m yezothutho Ak-umaphuli ukuya zaseTuzla, ubude ka -11,7 Km..

iindleko zeprojekthi

Ekuqaleni, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Transport of the Russian Federation ubhengeze isixa ubuncinane 50 ezigidi. Engange ezifunekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ibhulorho yendlela phakathi Taman kunye Kerch peninsula. Russian uMongameli Vladimir Putin Wathi ke wongezelela umsebenzi: ukwakha isiphambuka yezothutho eqhelekileyo (indlela kwanezo zisebenzisa umzila).

Le ezahlukeneyo ezongeziweyo ukwenza ibhulorho kwetonela kwi Strait emazantsi. Iindleko zizonke yonke sakhiwo iya kuhlelwa ngokutsha kude yee-ekwindla 2014, njengoko ubude kwebhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait. Ngexesha kufuneka izaliswe zobunjineli kunye nophuhliso umsebenzi, nto leyo kuthwalelwa phandle ngempumelelo kwindawo yokwakha elizayo.

Ngokutsho iingcali, ulwakhiwo iindleko ibhulorho lingaba ngaphezu $ 300 yezigidi zezigidi. Engange. Bamalunga nama 84 ezigidi. Engange kwesixa-mali sisonke iza kusetyenziswa kumsebenzi wokulungiselela. Ixabiso le projekthi kunye nokunyuka zokwakha lonke njengoko isifundo iimpawu zendalo lexinene, isakhiwo neeminerali, yaye indawo kwi Kerch Peninsula yezinto zembali, inkcubeko kunye zakudala.

Bridge kwi Kerch Strait

Ibhulorho saseTuzla to m. Ak-yombane ekhethiweyo ngamasebe iKomishoni, kubandakanya ulwakhiwo kaloliwe kunye emendweni phezu kwayo. ezimbini umkhondo kaloliwe kwaye eyakhelwe-lane ezine umendo iya kulungiswa. Okulandelayo kaloliwe emgceni ohamba phantsi kwemoto, yaye ecaleni kwaso. eyahlukileyo indlela kwanezo zisebenzisa umzila zokunqumla iya kwakhelwa phezu kwesiseko atshicelwe. Kwimeko ukwakhiwa nezithuthi to project "zaseTuzla" uya kufuna komzila wenethiwekhi kunye indlela naseminyango imfutshane (36 no-38 km ngokulandelelana). version inkalo, leyo equka ulwakhiwo lwe-orbit kwebhulorho zaseTuzla Mothers, - ukonga ekwakheni iindlela zokufikelela.

"ZaseTuzla ukhetho"

ZaseTuzla unina ibekwe ezantsi lexinene, kwi ebanzi kwithagethi ebekiweyo. Ukwakhiwa kule nxalenye yale projekthi yahluke kakhulu ukusuka kwindlela yokungena izibuko "Kavkaz" empumalanga nasentshonalanga Chushka plait:

1. "ZaseTuzla ukhetho" unika ukwakhiwa epasejini mde. Ngokutsho ubude yeprojekthi le ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait iya kufikelela iikhilomitha 11.7.
2. indawo ziza kusetyenziselwa ukwakha yonke izibonelelo, kuquka izitora kunye nezinye izibonelelo.
3. Kuya kuba nako ukukhusela kwimiphumo omkhulu zokumba yokungcwaba amaSkitiya. zokungqinga kunye nezinye ezinika iphuphumela kule ndawo.
4. Abakhi izakuzama kuthintelwe iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga bendalo Kerch kunye Taman Peninsula - mlilo udaka.

nezinto zendalo Kerch Strait

Ukwakhiwa nezithuthi iya kuqalisa emva kokugqitywa ubume bamatye, zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nezinye izifundo kummandla kokwakhiwa kwebhulorho. iimeko zomhlaba ziya nzima, kube nefuthe oluqaphelekayo kwi ikhosistim umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho. umsebenzi olucwangcisiweyo kufuneka ukulimaza kwizibonelelo navigation kunye neentlanzi Strait. Le abathungi projekthi baye bazama ukuba siqwalasele iimpawu ezingundoqo zendalo kunye nemiqathango umzimba ngamanzi olwahlula Taman kunye eCrimea. Kerch Strait (ewonke):

• imvelaphi - ziitectonic plates;
• Ubude - 45 km;
• ububanzi - ukususela 4.5 ukuya kwi-15 km;
• ubunzulu - 5-15 m;
• kwinqanaba Kerch Peninsula - m Ak-full ;.
• Krasnodar edge kwinqanaba - m zaseTuzla ;.
• Imozulu - eliphakathi yezwekazi.

Kerch Strait - nezithuthi yamandulo

isixeko Kerch oqalwe ngabemi ZesiGrike phakathi BC ngenkulungwane VI. e. Apha zifumaneka emanxuweni Panticapaeum kwisixeko samandulo - ikomkhulu Bosporan yoBukumkani. indawo Strait kumaxesha amandulo yayibizwa Cimmerian Bosporus ukuya ukufana kunye Bosphorus phakathi koLwandle Olumnyama kuLwandle iAegean (uLwandle lweMeditera). uhlamba inxalenye Western limxinwa Kerchensky usingasiqithi iCrimea (Tavridy). Ukuya empumalanga lowo Taman Peninsula. Kummandla Kerch wafumana emimangweni nabaphantsi yokungcwaba, iindawo zokuhlala zamandulo, iinqaba kunye nezinye ezikhumbuzo kwimbali nenkcubeko.

Unxibelelwano phakathi kuloo mida Koloni naseMpuma olwalukho kumaxesha amandulo. Cimmerians akwazi ndiyafumana, neenkomo zabo, bangena emanzini nzulu, ehlanganisa kuLwandle Azov kunye noLwandle Black. Ububanzi Kerch Strait ivumela abathengisi kunye nabalobi e izikhephe ukuwela. isixeko Kerch zifakiwe kwi-UNESCO kuluhlu lemveli njengoko ummandla apho Enkulu Silk Road. Kerch channel Kwakhona inxalenye yendlela, ebizwa ngokuba "Varangians kumaGrike". Emazantsi afumaneka ngokuyinxenye zifakwa isixeko zamaGrike zamandulo, iingceba iinqanawa ye Ottoman.

History of kwebhulorho (1903-1953)

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi amabini, urhulumente waseBritani wayeceba ukwakha indlela kaloliwe ukusuka eNgilani ukuya eCrimea, ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait, ukuze uvule indlela eya eCaucasus eIndiya. Ngomhla ukuqaliswa kweprojekthi wayengenayo imali ngokwaneleyo. UMlawuli Nicholas II nayo waphupha ngo-1903 ukuba urhulumente Russian ziya kwakha ibhulorho enqumla Kerch Strait phakathi Kerch kunye Taman, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso oluphazanyiswa imfazwe ngowe-1914. Ngexesha Enkulu Patriotic War, i-North-abaseAfrika mmandla kunye eCrimea baba nendawo amadabi bungwanyalala phakathi Germany nase-USSR. imikhosi yaseJamani wakha umchankcatho owawuza enqumla Kerch Strait, kodwa uMlawuli babefuna ukwakha-5-sekhilomitha spring esisigxina ka-1943.

Ingcamango kwebhulorho yi womzobi waseJamani Alberta Shpeera abahlala zamaNazi akazange abe nexesha ukuphumeza. Emva kokuba ukugxothwa amaNazi ukusuka iinjineli Taman kunye eCrimea Soviet waphila projekthi waseJamani, abakhi kusetyenziswa izakhiwo zentsimbi kunye nezixhobo eshiywe ngamaNazi. Ekupheleni kuka-Aprili 1944 saqalisa ngokufaka amathumba, ekuqaleni Novemba zaseCaucasus malunga nyaka waya inxalenye yokuqala "eCrimea" station. NgoFebruwari 1945 ibhulorho Wawa phantsi koxinzelelo iibhloko zomkhenkce kumoya amaza Wagxothwa kuLwandle Azov. Ngo-1953 waqalisa ukusebenza wokuweza, edibanisa Taman kunye Kerch.

Kungaqatshelwanga Projects Bridge

Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR, Russia, Ukraine ngokuphindaphindiweyo iye yaphakamisa umba kwipaseji yothutho i Kerch Strait. Ukususela ngo-1991 kuye kwenziwa iiprojekthi malunga 20 kwingxoxo ubuhanjelwe abongameli Ukraine naseRashiya. Ngo-2004, neziye bakhonza indlela ziye indawo, yaye thethwano nangena kwisigaba ixesha elide. Sebenza le projekthi waphila ngo-2010, xa Ukraine utshintsho karhulumente. Kwelinye ntetho sabhengezwa parameters zokwakha: ubude kwebhulorho - 4.2-4.5 km, imali - 24 billion engange .. To Euro-2012 zothutho vesi ukudibanisa neCaucasus kunye eCrimea, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwayo elinye ixesha kwakhona. Ibhulorho ngaphesheya Kerch Strait izicwangciso uqonde olwandulela Sochi Olimpiki. Ke Commission Interstate ukhethe uguqulelo imfutshane "emantla" (ukusuka m. Zezibane to m. Small Kut). Le projekthi washiywa akukho phepha.

ummandla Krasnodar - Crimea

Xa ngokudala ibhulorho entsha iya kusebenza ekudibaneni ekhoyo iStrait of Kerch (izibuko "Caucasus" - "eCrimea" port). Season 2014 uthembisa ukuba "shushu." Ukuya eCrimea ukuphumla, le baseRashiya uhambela ngololiwe ukuya Krasnodar okanye Anapa. ukuqhubeka indlela ngebhasi ukuya kwizibuko "Kavkaz", kulandele wokuweza, ukuba kwizibuko "eCrimea" ukusuka ikomkhulu Kuban, okanye kunxweme Sea Black. Olunye uhlobo lokwenziwa abakhweli - by catamaran ukusuka Anapa izibuko Kerch.

Kerch Bridge: A jonga kwixesha elizayo

Ngokutsho kweengcali, akukho miqobo kulwakhiwo esisiphambuka entsha yezothutho. iingcali Russian endle komhlaba kunye nezifundo zamanzi aqhube izifundo eziyimfuneko kunye nemilinganiselo emdeni Kerch Strait. Kukhethwa inikwa zomzila, owaziwa ngelika "Zhukovsky" yaye "zaseTuzla". Ekuphicothisiseni ezi projekthi ukuthathela ingqalelo imiba emininzi, kuquka ukulondolozwa ezikhumbuzo kwi kweenxweme Strait. Ibhulorho ixhume ummandla ezimbini iholide kusafuneka eziphucule kuzo. Uqoqosho lizwe ka eCrimea bafumana Ukongeza obalulekileyo kwizibonelelo zothutho ezifunekayo uphuhliso lwemveliso, amazibuko, unxibelelwano, ukhenketho kunye nezolimo.