Shpeer Albert: engobomi, iifoto, umsebenzi. Albert Speer emva ejele

Lomhleli Shpeer Albert waba yimbangi iiprojekthi ezininzi ezinkulu nophuhliso lweedolophu eJamani yamaNazi. Waye kwindawo osondeleyo Adolf Hitler ephila ukuzithemba onge le uMlawuli.

umsebenzi Early

Speer wazalelwa kumzantsi-ntshona yeJamani, kwisixeko Mannheim, Matshi 19, 1905. uyise wakhe wezakhiwo, yaye ngenxa kumxonxi ezithandwa kunye nomdla lenkwenkwe. Albert wafunda e Karlsruhe, eMunich Berlin. -22, waphumelela College Metropolitan waza waba ngokomakhi eqinisekisiweyo.

umsebenzi Speer yaqala xa waba ngumfundisi. Njengoko wezakhiwo ngokwakhe wathi wayeza nopolitiko kakhulu ebutsheni bakhe, kunye nolutsha. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, iJamani ihamba lunengxaki ntlekele, ngenxa yoko uye waba ezinkulu Party ethandwayo lwamaNazi. Ngowe-1930, Shpeer Albert bajoyine kwayo emva weva intetho kaHitler, leyo yena aphefumlelweyo kakhulu yaye washiya nomvakalelo womoya onamandla.

Kunye yamaNazi

Lo mfana nje ilungu leqela. Wafumana ngokwakhe ezintlwini mikhosi uqhwithela (SA). imisebenzi yezopolitiko ayizange imthintele okuphucula uqeqesho lwabo. Wazinza lweenkobe Mannheim wakhe waza waqalisa ukufumana odolo lokuvelisa izicwangciso zezakhiwo. Le ubunkokheli beqela kwakhona angawaconganga italente entsha. AmaNazi imali ngenxa ngokutsha kwesakhiwo, leyo likwaneklinkhi-ofisi NSDAP.

Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kwesakhiwo i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa ze

Nokuba ke, Shpeer Albert wayeqhelene ngqo kunye ubunkokheli beqela. Ngowe-1933, ekugqibeleni uHitler waqalisa ukulawula. Ke Goebbels, Speer wanika kakhulu uxanduva ngexesha lo msebenzi ukuba - ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo eziphelelwe lixesha, leyo kuthiwa ukuqala umsebenzi iSebe ze. Yaba isakhiwo esitsha owadalwa ngamaNazi weza ngamandla. Ubulungiseleli waba amasebe ezininzi - .. yoLawulo, onoxanduva ngenxa yendimbane, ubuxoki, unomathotholo, iincwadi, njl abaninzi amaziko karhulumente ziquka amawaka amaninzi abasebenzi. Kwafuneka ukwamkeleka kwisakhiwo esitsha, ukuze ingabi kuphela zisebenza ngempumelelo, kodwa ukunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza kunye nabanye. Yonke le misebenzi ebekwe phambi kokuba iqela ekhokelwa Shpeer Albert. Okusebenzayo udumo umyili nentembelo yokuba uya ukumelana msebenzi wayo. Kwaba njalo. Ngexesha le projekthi , Albert Speer wawurhola ingqalelo uMlawuli. UHitler umyili yakhe - Paul Troost. Speer wamiselwa umncedisi wakhe.

Assistant Paul Troost

Paul Troost yayidume umsebenzi wakhe Munich, apho uHitler waphila iminyaka emininzi. Umzekelo, oku Brown House odumileyo, apho de kwaphela imfazwe wonke ise wohlobo lwe Party lwamaNazi. Ngowe-1934 Troost wafa - emva nje Speer wamiselwa umncedisi wakhe.

Emva kwale ilahleko, uHitler wenza eyakhe umyili wakhe oqeqeshiweyo, ukuba ungamnika kunye projekthi ibalulekileyo. Shpeer Albert Nathwala ngokutsha kwekomkhulu Reich Chancellery. yena A ngonyaka phambi kokufa Troost yayinoxanduva ukwenza le Party Congress of iimpawu ebibanjelwe Nuremberg. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala lonke iJamani wabona umboniso yomfuziselo olumbaxa Wesithathu - ilaphu ebomvu kunye nesimboli ye-Black Eagle. Le nkongolo yathinjwa ngendlela video bange "Saphuma of Faith". Ngungqondongqondo ingxenye enkulu into kwi tape, waba Albert Speer. kuye kwabonakala lomhleli ukususela ngelo xesha kufutshane Adolf Hitler.

Nangona ucwangciso yakhe bexakekile Shpeer Albert, ubomi bakhe liye aphuhliswe kakuhle kakhulu, musa ukulibala ngosapho lwakho. Wazimanya uMargaret Weber, baba ngabantwana 6.

Berlin ngokutsha

Ngowe-1937, Shpeer Albert wamiselwa umhloli jikelele kwikomkhulu komlawuli, inoxanduva lokwakha. Umakhi wayalelwa ukuba kuyilwe ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo Berlin. Esi sicwangciso sagqitywa ngowe-1939.

Ngokutsho ubeko, Berlin kwafuneka ukuba igama elitsha - capital yehlabathi eJamani. Eli binzana ibonakalisa ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo kunye isiseko yembono yokuhlengahlengiswa mzi. Igama lisetyenziswa yesiLatini nenguqulo upelo elithi "iJamani". IsiJamani oko kwakuthetha hayi lizwe (Deutschland), kunye nomfanekiso wakhe zobufazi. Yaba umfanekiso wesizwe, nto leyo ethandwa kwinkulungwane XIX, xa kungekho Germany emanyeneyo. Abahlali izilawuli ezininzi babekholelwa ukuba umfanekiso okufanayo lonke abantu German, kungakhathaliseki nokuba kummandla ngurhulumente waphila.

Ngomhla ngobanjiso eyinkunzi omtsha ukusebenza ngqo Adolf Hitler kunye neqembu yakhe Albert Speer. kwafuneka ukuba omkhulu, eya zingumqondiso embindini kwehlabathi lwezakhiwo esi sixeko. Xa intetho yakhe yoluntu, ngokuphindaphindiweyo uHitler wabhekisela kwikomkhulu elitsha. Ngokutsho iingcinga zakhe, kwafuneka ukuba abe eBhabhiloni okanye eRoma ngexesha ubukho ubukhosi yamandulo umzi. Kakade ke, London kunye Paris kubonakala nedolophu xa kuthelekiswa kulo.

Uninzi nezimvo uMlawuli wabandezeleka kwiphepha Shpeer Albert. Photo of Berlin mihla nazo ziqulathe eminye izimvo zakhe zimiliselwe. Umzekelo, ukuba izibane ezaziwayo-kakuhle ukuba kwamanye amalwimi ezifakiweyo ecaleni kwiSango Charlottenburg. Kwesihloko ukuba luphokoke nezamazembe ezimbini iindlela ukuze bakwazi ukufikelela lula indlela ring ewujikelezile umzi. Xa intliziyo Reich Chancellery ibiya kuba, ngomhla kuvuselelwa apho basebenza Albert Speer. Iiprojekthi ze umyili enxulumene ngokutsha Berlin, zivunywe uMlawuli.

To Speer ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka bakwazi ukuba ubomi isicwangciso namabhongo, uHitler wamnika amandla nanto. Umakhi babengamele ithathele ingqalelo izimvo Berlin urhulumente umzi, kuquka umantyi. Kwakhona ithetha iqondo elikhulu nesibindi uHitler ngenxa neqembu yakhe.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi

Uhlenga-hlengiso yomzi luqale ukudilizwa indawo enkulu yokuhlala, apho ekhaya kubemi malunga namawaka 150. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kwikomkhulu kwakukho abantu abaninzi bengenamakhaya. Ukuze ukuhlalisa abantu abangenamakhaya ukuba ezindlini amatsha e-Berlin waqalisa impindezelo nxamnye amaYuda, ababesithi bona abo eziqhutywa ngaphandle abandwendweli eentsapho zabo. We wawunika indawo abantu abafudukele ngaphakathi, ogama zokuhlala zidilizwe ukuze ngokutsha.

Le projekthi yasungulwa kwi olwandulela Second World War, kwaqhubeka de-1943, xa izilonda ezininzi izimpi ezahlukeneyo kwakhokelela iingxaki zoqoqosho. Reconstruction uye engumkhenkce de amaxesha ngcono, kodwa ihlaziywe ngenxa ngokoyiswa Wesithathu.

Loo nto inika umdla ngokutsha igalelo kwiindawo zokuhlala kuphela. Amangcwaba yatshatyalaliswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kulo mzi. Ngexesha ngokutsha kokuba angcwatywa-15 amawaka izidumbu.

iholo of the People

Folk Hall wayengomnye izimvo ezibalulekileyo ezaqhutywa-sikhokelo zeprojekthi ngokutsha of Berlin. Esi sakhiwo yayiza kuvela emantla eyinkunzi abe luphawu ibalulekileyo kwamandla karhulumente waseJamani. Njengoko kwacetywa Speer, iholo enkulu kunokubeka iindwendwe malunga namawaka 150 ngexesha mkhosi.

NgoMeyi 1938, uHitler watyelela eRoma. Kwikomkhulu wamandulo wayetyelele abaninzi zakudala, kuquka oothixo. Yiyo le sakhiwo yaba kwase iHolo of the People. Berlin uceba ukwakha kela phezulu marble umgangatho negranite. UHitler wayenethemba lokuba isakhiwo uya kuma iminyaka ubuncinane alishumi lamawaka. Njengoko kwakunye nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo kwikomkhulu entsha, Folk Hall yayiza kwakhiwa-1950, xa Germany ekugqibeleni ndiloyisile Europe.

Isithsaba ukwakhiwa nkundla yayikukuba projekthi izihlandlo ezilishumi ivolyum lwesakhiwo Basilica St. uPetros eVatican. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba ulwakhiwo iHolo nako buxabise ubuncwane waseJamani billion Reichsmarks.

ilungu Reichstag

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwemfazwe uninzi umsebenzi professional Speer iye yahlanganiswa kunye elikomkhulu, waqala ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kubomi lweziko lwesixeko. Ukususela 1941 ukuya 1945 womzobi yaba lilungu le-Berlin Reichstag. Wonyulwa ukuba wabavoti ntshona mzi.

Reich UMphathiswa ngezikhali kunye Ammunition

Ngowe-1942 kwingozi-moya kufuphi Rastenburg wafa Empire kwezikhali neembumbulu Fritz Todt. Isithuba esingenamntu wamiselwa ngokungalindelekanga Albert Speer. Biography of le ndoda umzekelo ngobomi ilungu iqela enocwangco Ozondelele enza ngayo umsebenzi wakhe, nokuba yintoni sikhundla.

Speer ikwanoxanduva uhlolo lwamandla kunye neendlela eJamani. Yena rhoqo batyelela amashishini industrial yelizwe kwaye benza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuba elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi lisebenze kangangoko, ukunika umkhosi into oyidingayo ngokwemiqathango imfazwe iyonke. Kulo mba, a lot of Speer yasebenzisana Genrihom Gimmlerom, ezaziphethe kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. UMphathiswa Reich wakwazi ukwakha inkqubo yoqoqosho apho urhulumente ntle yayisekelwe ukusebenza ngokuqhutywa ngebhaxa amabanjwa. Ngelo xesha, bonke abantu abadala kunye amaJamani abasempilweni walwa ngaphambili, ngoko ke ishishini kwafuneka ukuphuhlisa ezinye izibonelelo.

Iinyanga zokugqibela zemfazwe

Spring 1944 kwaba nzima kakhulu Speer. Waye wagula waze ayikwazanga ukusebenza. Okunye ngenxa yokungabikho kwakhe, kodwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa ngengxaki uqoqosho ngeli xesha, ushishino yaseJamani phezu kwala kancane kokuwa. Summer iyelenqe aluphumelelanga, injongo leyo kokubulawa uHitler lodongwe. abangcatshi imbalelwano uyaziwa, apho kuxoxwa ingcamango ukwenza Speer alungiselele urhulumente omtsha. Lomhleli wakwazi nje ngokungummangaliso ukuqinisekisa elite lwamaNazi kwi yokuba akazange inxaxheba yelenqe. Kwaye wadlala indima uthando Hitler ngokuphathelele Reichsminister.

Kwiinyanga zokugqibela imfazwe Speer azama ukweyisela uMlawuli Musa ukusebenzisa i-nkqubo elibharhileyo emhlabeni. Ukushiya mzi, apho Amanyeneyo esondela, amaJamani badla ukutshabalalisa yonke kwishishini, ukuba nzima ubomi neentshaba zabo ngendlela ekhubekisayo. Reich waqonda ukuba eli cebo ayikho nje yingozi Amanyeneyo, kodwa ngenxa Wesithathu, apho ekupheleni kwemfazwe akubangakho ishishini ukusebenza esitalini. Iindlela kunye nezibonelelo atshiswe ekonookrwece neziqhushumbisi. Carpet aseMelika kokujoliswe eJamani baba isiganeko rhoqo, ngakumbi emva kokuba Amanyeneyo abazibandakanyileyo amaMelika.

YokuBamba nokuqiniseka

Speer wabanjwa May 23, 1945. Wayengomnye kweqaqobana ilivumile ityala kwi Izilingo waseLondon. Umakhi kwakhona esindile isigwebo sentambo, ngokungafaniyo abaninzi oogxa bakhe urhulumente yamaNazi. Intlawulo engundoqo nxamnye Reich watyholwa ngokusebenzisa Ukuxelenga amabanjwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Speer ayelisebenzisa xa isigxina kushishino waseJamani. Ngenxa yobubi bakhe, wagwetywa ixesha entolongweni engama-20.

Ibanjwa wathunyelwa Spandau. Le emajele ilawulwa kumazwe ezine sethi. Uye wakhonza kota ipheleleyo yakhululwa ngo-1966.

emva kokukhululwa kwakhe,

Ngowe-1969, uAlbert Speer (emva entolongweni) ezikhutshwe ebhalwe ngayo kwimbali yobomi entolongweni, "Iinkumbulo." Le ncwadi yaba ethengwa kwi US naseYurophu. Kule memoirs eSoviet Union Empire azizange ashicilelwe. Oku kwenzeka emva kokuba ekuweni ngurhulumente wamaKomanisi.

Kwiminyaka 90 eRashiya yanyatheliswa nje kuphela "Iinkumbulo", kodwa ngaphezulu iincwadi kwakhona ezimbalwa Speer. Kubo, wachaza nje imeko kwizikhundla eziphezulu Wesithathu, kodwa wazama ukuchaza izenzo zakhe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zikarhulumente. Albert Speer emva entolongweni wayehlala umoya elula yoohlohlesakhe Europe. Ngowe-1981, wafa ngexesha utyelelo eLondon.