UErich Kastner: biography kunye nomsebenzi we umbhali

UErich Kastner (1899-1974), umbhali waseJamani kunye umgxeki, inzalelwane Dresden, wayizuza kwayo ngenxa iinoveli ezihlekisayo abantwana kunye nemibongo mlonyeni ngokundibamba uvuthondaba.

ebuntwaneni

Malunga ebuntwaneni yombhali inokufumaneka umsebenzi wakhe osihloko sithi "Xa elinye, nelebhokhwe elinye." Zeetekisi buqu ziyafumaneka kwi web, kuyaziwa kangako: inkwenkwe wakhulela e Dresden, yaye xa ndandineminyaka eli-14 kunye nezifundo yootitshala. Noko ke, kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngaphambi nje kokuba isiphelo ezisemthethweni UErich Kastner emlonyeni uqeqesho. Kamva, ezi ziganeko zichazwe ngumbhali kwincwadi yakhe "The Flying Classroom".

Indlu apho inkwenkwe wayehlala kunye nosapho lwakhe, ibekwe kwi Konigsbryuker Strasse. Ngoku ke akasekude imyuziyam lunikezelwa umbhali. Uyise Kestner esebenza saddler, kunye nomama wakhe likwazile kutyelela "iindima" ezintathu: umkhonzi, umkhonzazana kunye weenwele.

Lo mfana wayeyoliswa kakhulu kuyo, kunjalo nasemva kokuba emkile endlwini kayise ekuqaleni yeHlabathi yokuQala (1917), baqhubeka ukubhala unina, ukubhala iileta ezichukumisayo makhadi. yesisa kuye UErich Kastner wabandezeleka imisebenzi yabo. Ngaphezu koko, isimo wakhe yayisiba nkqu ukuvela amarhe ukuba umqhathile umyeni wakhe nogqirha usapho lwabo Emilem Tsimmermanom. Nangona kunjalo, olu lwazi alukhange ozinzisiweyo, kwakunye nokucingela UErich kungaba unyana wakhe.

ngeminyaka

Emva kokuba uyabhalwa kwi emkhosini, lo mfana waqeqeshwa kwinkampani koombayimbayi. Oku kwaba uvavanyo nzima kakhulu ukuba Kestner oselula kwaye wadlala indima enkulu ekubunjweni imbono yakhe yehlabathi.

Emkhosini, ngokuqinileyo UErich seligrunjiwe, kukhokelele kuphuhliso nesifo sentliziyo kwi umbhali elizayo. Thile emva, kuya kuvela umfanekiso wenkosi bathe yakhe Vauriha umoni kwi imibongo satirical ukugculela le ubumfazwe German kunye nabantu abanjalo, ndiyavuya ukuxhasa le nkqubo.

career

Emva kokugqitywa yokuQala yeHlabathi UErich Kastner ukuba babhalise University of Leipzig, nto leyo enika imiyalelo eyoluntu izifundo yeqonga. Noko ke, uqeqesho wayengekho ezamahala, kunye neepokotho engenanto lanyanzela mfana ukubonakalisa kwimfuneko yokuba umsebenzi wesingxungxo, nangona i "Gold mali yokufunda," yena wafumana ngaphambili.

Ngenxa yoko, Kastner wazama lukhulu: ukusuka umthengisi niqhumisele umncedisi wezabelo. Emva Ngokukhusela ithisisi yakhe ngowe-1925, UErich waqala zarabyvat yintatheli ukugxeka zomsebenzi oxwlwa kwikholam omnye wabenzi-ndaba asekuhlaleni, kodwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva sachithwa. Omnye umfana tyala engaphucukanga yokubhala umbongo "Ingoma Hosi kwigumbi virtuoso", nto leyo iba izandi ezincinane ecacileyo inkanuko.

Phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe Kestner Erih wafudukela Berlin ukuqhubeka ukuba asebenze yonke le phephandaba, kanye njengoko isebe ndiyakuthanda inkcubeko. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu abatsha baya lukhulu lezibizo epapashwe phantsi apho inqaku lakhe: Berthold Burger, Melchior Kurtz, uPetros zelitye lenyengane, uRobert Neuner.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko kwazeka ukuba kwisithuba ukususela 1923 ukuya 1933. Kestner, ubhale amanqaku angaphezu kwama-350. Inani ngqo ayaziwa kuba izenzo ezininzi umbhali yatshatyalaliswa ngumlilo ngo-1944.

Kweli thuba ukususela 1926 ukuya 1932. Iphephandaba Beyers noboya Alle weza ngaphantsi kancinane amabali ezimakhulu mabini ezahlukeneyo namaqhina abantwana, ebhalwe UErich yaza yapapashwa phantsi mbumbulu ka noKlaus Clare. Ukongeza, le ndoda lapapasha amanqaku akhe kunye nezinye izinto e ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebangele ukufumana ngokukhawuleza kuye igama kwizangqa ngengqondo eBerlin.

UErich Kastner: umbhali

Incwadi yokuqala umbhali, eyapapashwa ngo-1928, yaba ingqokelela yemibongo, kwakunye ezayo emithathu. Emva konyaka, wenza imisebenzi iprozi, omnye kubo (inoveli abantwana "Emil kunye Be") athandwa kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kuyo yathathwa ambalwa kwaye nkqu i mini-series, nangona sebali yi kukhubazeko filimu yokuqala benza utshintsho, ngokungqinelana neemfuno ixesha.

Thile emva, imisebenzi abanye abantwana zaphinda zapapashwa: "Iqhosha Anton," "The Flying Classroom", "Ababini Lotta". Le noveli kuphela eye ixabiso ngokwexabiso zoncwadi, ajongwe yapapashwa, ngowe-1931, "UFabian: The Story of a moralist."

Ngowe-1933, UErich Kastner, ogama iincwadi batshiswa discrediting kwaye kukhatywa umoya German yasuswa Union Writers 'emva yokugocagocwa eziliqela yi amaGestapo. Umbhali, ukuhlala eBerlin ngenxa ukuthingaza lokuphosa unina, ngubani ngokobuqu ezaziphethe i "umlilo bonisa" kwi square.

Ngenxa yoko, xa Wesithathu kushicilelo lwemisebenzi bakhe esalelweyo ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa UErich wakwazi ukupapasha eSwitzerland, ezinye iinoveli kakhulu engeyongozi.

Emva kwemfazwe, umbhali uza ubhale incwadi ngokuphila malunga neminyaka bakhe ebuntwaneni "Xa ndandiselula," kwakunye "Little Max" yaye "Little Max and Little Miss" (1957), elingcwele, unyana wakhe UErich.

imisebenzi yokugqibela Kestner, eyapapashwa ngo-1961, kuya kuba idayari yakhe, "Nota Lunokukuzisela 45".

Emva kokuba Second World War

Ngowe-1944 eflethini Kestner utshiswe iziqhushumbisi, ngoko xa wayephethe imfazwe, umbhali wafudukela Munich, apho waluthabatha isikhundla esiphezulu kwiSebe iphephandaba lasekuhlaleni, wathetha irediyo kunye umdaniso owenzelwa boncwadi.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, ngenxa yokuba ubomi elinzima kangaka Kestner Erih yena akazange atshate, kodwa unyana oyintanda Thomas. Umbhali wafa ekliniki Munich (Neuperlach) ngoJulayi 1974 waza wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni of St George.