Umphandi waseRussia u-Erofei Khabarov. Umqhubi wafumanisa ntoni?

KwiTrans-Baikal Territory, phakathi kwee-expanes ze-taiga, kukho isikhululo sesitimela u- Erofei Pavlovich. Akunabo bonke abagibeli bezithuthi ezigqithiseleyo ekugqibeleni ukuba egameni layo, kunye negama lenye yezona zixeko ezinkulu kunazo zonke zaseMpumalanga Ekude - iKhabarovsk, - inkumbulo yomhloli owaziwayo waseRussia ogama linguErifei Khabarov wayengenakufa. Yintoni le nto yafunyanwa ngulo mntu kwaye yintoni efanelekileyo? Le mibuzo iya kuba yintloko yentetho yethu.

Kulo phulo lokwabelana ngesabelo

Ingcaciso yomlando malunga nobuntwana bakhe inzima kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuba wazalwa waza wakhula e-Ustyug, kwaye, ekufikeleleni kwiminyaka eqolileyo, wahlala eSol'vychegorsk, apho wayebandakanyeka kwishishini yetyuwa. Kodwa mhlawumbi izinto azizange zisebenze, okanye ubomi obuyimfumba bubuhlungu bubuhlungu kunye nomfana omncinci, kodwa kuphela wamshiya indawo ye-Erofei waza wafuna indawo yokuzonwabisa, kwaye xa kunjalo, ulonwabo, ukuya kumida ede, "i-Stone Belt" - i-Great Ural.

Ewe, asiyi kuthetha ngolonwabo, kodwa amava awazange athathe ixesha elide. Okokuqala kuMlambo we-Yenisei, kwaye emva koko kumanxweme e-taiga amahlathi aseLena River, umntu ohlala kwindawo entsha wayenobungozi bokuloba. Ubunzima belo lwanyana zaseSiberia lwaluxabiseke, kwaye ukuzingela kwazisa inzuzo engenanto, kodwa ngokukhazamiseka kwiintlanga ukuya kwiityuwa zetyuwa, uKhabarov waphinde wathatha ishishini lokoqobo lokutyuwa. Ukongezelela, walima izityalo ezingenanto eziselunxwemeni waza waqala ukulima. Icala lalibonakala lilungile, kuba ngaphandle kwesonka kunye netyuwa akukho mntu unokuyenza ...

Iphupha elizalwe entolongweni

Nangona kunjalo, umqhubi wexesha elizayo uYerofei Khabarov ngelo xesha wayephutha. I-Yakut voevoda, ukuxhaphaza ukungabi namandla kwamagunya ngelo xesha, yamthabatha umhlaba womhlaba, kunye nosawoti wokupheka, kunye nesityalo sonke sokuvuna - izilwanyana zeesonka ezintathu. Umlimi, owazama ukumelana nentando yakhe, wafihla entolongweni, apho wayekunye nabaphangi nababulali.

Kodwa ixesha elichithwa emva kwemivalo alizange lilize. Ukusuka kubantakwabo - abantu abanamava, abahamba ngeetigaji kunye ne-across - beva amabali ngamazwe ase-Amur kunye nobutyebi bawo obungapheliyo. Yintoni u-Erofei Khabarov ayephupha ngayo ngaloo mihla, eyayizifumanisa kuye ekuxoxaneni namanye amabanjwa, ayengaziwa, kodwa, ekuphumeni inkululeko, indoda, eyonakaliswa kwaye engenayo ipennyini ye penny, ngokuzibhokoza yangena kwiqumrhu elithembekileyo.

Kwintloko yeqela leentlola

Ngaloo xesha, ngethamsanqa, umxhaphazi wakhe wayengaseseJakutsk. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yena wayebanjelwe entolongweni, okanye waya kwipromoshini (eyona nto inokwenzeka), kodwa uFranzbekov omtsha wayemiselwe isikhundla sakhe. Waba ngumsebenzi ogunyazisiweyo kungekuphela kwesikhwama sakhe, kodwa nangenxa yemfuno kaRhulumente, ngoko ke wavuma ngokuzithandela isipho sikaKhabarov sokuba simthumelele i-Cossacks kwiibhanki zoMlambo i-Amur-ukuvula umhlaba omtsha kwiRashiya kwaye ufune imithombo yemali yengxowa-mali. Ngaphezu koko, i-voevoda yalela u-Erofey ukuba athathe abantu abalungele ukuhamba, kwaye yena uholele i-detachment.

Kule nqanaba, iingxaki zokuqala zaqala. Ininzi yamaCosacks yaxhatshazwa ngamabakala aseSyyarkov satellites, umhloli wamazwe owaye wavakashela amazwe aseSiberia ahlala kwiTungus, Daur, Achani kunye nezinye iintlanga zasendle. Eyona nto yayinomngcipheko ohambelana nalolu hambo. Iphulo likaYerofey Khabarov lalisengozini. Kuphela ubunzima obunokukwenza ukukwazi ukubala abantu abangamashumi asibhozo, njengabadlali abanomdla njengoko yena ngokwakhe.

Indlela esuka eJakutsk ukuya kwi-Amur

I-voevoda, indoda enengqiqo kunye neyokude, yamyala ukuba ayiqokelele kuphela ukuqokelela iintlanga ze-yasak ezihlangene nayo endleleni (i-obrok ngohlobo lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezithwala imfuyo), kodwa kwakhona ukuchaza umhlaba omtsha, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu-ukuyibeka kwimaphu. Kwaye emva kwehlobo le-1649, emva kokukhonza ethempelini likaThixo umthandazo kunye nentsikelelo, kwavela inqwelomoya evela eKakutsk.

Kwi XVII inkulungwane kuphela imithwalo yezothutho yaseSiberia yimilambo, ngoko uhambo luka-Erofey Khabarov kunye nemiphefumlo yakhe enobugorha lwaqala ngolu hlobo lokuba, ukunyuka kweLena, bafike emlonyeni wecala elikhulu kakhulu elingu-Olekma. Ukulwa nokuhamba kwexesha elikhawulezileyo kunye neembambano ezininzi, ekwindla kamva, ii-Cossacks zafikelela komlambo we-taiga-iTugir, kwiibhanki zawo.

NgoJanuwari uhambo lwaqhubeka. Ukuhamba kwikhephu eliqatha kwaye uhudule i-sledges ehambayo, ilayishwe ngeenqanawa kunye nazo zonke ezinye ipropati, uhambo lwalunqobile iStanovoi Range. Abantu babekhathele kakhulu, kuba umoya oqinileyo kunye neqhwala zeqhwa zithintela umthwalo onzima ukuba ungashenxiswa kwintlambo. Kodwa, ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba, iKhabarov kunye nenqola yakhe, wehla emfuleni i-Urka, yafikelela kwinjongo yohambo- i-Amur.

Intlanganiso yokuqala kunye nabahlali be-taiga

Kwaye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lafikelela kwiCosasacks badibanisa iindawo zokuhlala kwabantu basekuhlaleni. Ziyinqaba yangempela, zijikelezwe ngodonga lwangaphakathi kwaye zijikelezwe ziinqwelo. Nangona kunjalo, kumangaliswa wonk 'ubani, abazange bahlali. Abemi bebaleka, bekwesaba ngenxa yokuhamba kweCosacks.

Kungekudala intlanganiso yokuqala kunye nenkosana yendawo yenzeke. Kwakuthenjelwe yiKhabarov. U-Erofei Pavlovich, ngenguquliki, wathetha malunga nenjongo yokufika kwenkampani kwaye wacetyiswa ukuba aqalise urhwebo oluhlangeneyo. Umnxibelelwano wakhe wokuqala wadibanisa intloko yakhe, kodwa wadibana nomrhumo wokuhlawula i-treasure treasury jaasak, kwaye, ukukhwaza ngomsindo eKhabarov, washiya.

Ukuqiniswa kweqela leCossack

Ngomnyaka ofanayo uKhabarov, ngaphandle kokuhamba neqela elincinci ukuba lingene kwi-taiga, libuyele eYakutsk ukuze lincede, lishiye inxalenye enkulu yecandelo kwi-Amur. I-voevoda, ukuphulaphula umdla ngomyalezo wakhe malunga namazwe amatsha namathemba awayebenxulumene naye, athunyelwe ekulahleni abantu abayikhulu elinamashumi asibhozo. Ukubuyela kubahlobo bakhe, uKhabarov wawafumana ephilileyo, kodwa edinwa yimikhosi eqhubekayo yeDaur. Nangona kunjalo, kule mihlangano i-Cossacks, ephethe izibhamu, yayihlala iphumelele, kuba yayibaleka abachasi babo ababengazi izibhamu.

Xa ukufunyanwa kukaYerofei Khabarov kunye neCoseksacks yakhe kwaziwa eMoscow, uTyar Alexei Mikhailovich wayala ukuba athumele iimbutho ezongezelelweyo ukuze amncede. Ukongeza, wathuma abantu abathengisa kwii-Urals ngobuncedo obufanelekileyo bokukhokela kunye nompu. Sekuqaleni kwehlobo le-1651 inqaba enkulu enezixhobo eziphethwe yiKhabarov isuka phantsi kwe-Amur. U-Erofei Pavlovich kunye nabantu bakhe, bezithoba kwiintlanga zamaDahur, bathumela isityebi esinezityebi kwiikhumba zezilwanyana ezikhulayo.

Ukuxabana kunye neAchanani kunye namaqela aseManchu

Kodwa izizwe zase-Akani ezazihlala kuloo mmandla zazingamaqhawe kwaye zifana nemfazwe. Banika iCosas ukumelana nokutshatyalaliswa kwaye bahlasele ngokuphindaphindiweyo indawo yokupaka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhamla kwemibhobho ngaphambi kokuba iindlobongela zithintele ngeli xesha. Abahlali be-taiga babalekela xa beva izibhamu. Akunakukwazi ukujamelana nabasandul 'ukuza, bacela uncedo kubathengisi baseManchu, ababeye bexhobile ngezibhamu ngeli xesha, kodwa iiCosacks nazo zawaleka le nqanawa.

Nangona ulwalamano lwengingqi kunye nolunye uncedo oluthunyelwa ukusuka kuYakutsk, kwakuyingozi ukuqhubeka nokuqokelela i-jasak. Ukusuka kubahlali bendawo bekunokwenzeka ukuba bafunde ukuba ukuhlaselwa komkhosi omkhulu waseManchu wawulungiselelwe, uthunyelwe ukukhusela ukungena kweRashiya kwingingqi yase-Amur. Kwafuneka ndihlale emfuleni iZeya ndize ndibe nokuhlala apho.

Ukunciphisa imvukelo kunye nokukhupha okukhulu kwabemi

Ngethuba elifanayo, inxalenye yamaCosacks yavukela, ezama ukuphuma ngaphandle kokungeniswa. Yaye le ntshukumo yaphoqeleka ukuba icandezele uYerofei Khabarov. I-biografi yakhe iqulethe ulwazi malunga nale nxalenye edabukisayo. Emva koko, wayedla ngokumangalelwa ngobugwenxa obugqithisileyo. Mhlawumbi kwakukho, kuba iminyaka yobomi bukaYerofey Khabarov, eqhutyelwa kwiimeko ezinzima ze-taiga, yashiya uphawu lwaso kumntu kunye nokuziphatha kwalo mntu.

Kungekudala, ngokwemigqaliselo kaTsar, i-Voursk voivodeship yaqulunqwa, apho iinqununu ezikhethwe ngokukhethekileyo kunye ne-servicemen zahamba. Le minyaka kwimbali yaseSiberia yaphawulwa yimpembelelo enkulu yabemi, abaye beva ngobutyebi bommandla kwaye bafuna iibhanki zase-Amur. Urhulumente wayephoqelelwe ukuseka indawo ekhethekileyo yokunciphisa ukungena kwabo bafuna.

Ukunyelisa nokunyanzela

Ukuhlala ngokuqhubekayo kweKhabarov kwi-Amur kwakunqanywe ngongoma kunye neengcungcutheko zamagosa afike ngelo xesha. Bamsusa kumandla okwenene baze bazama ukugweba ukusetyenziswa kakubi. Wabanjwa, wanyiswa eMoscow. Kodwa yonke into iphelile kakuhle. Kwinqununu, babesazi kakuhle u-Erofei Khabarov, oko wafumanisa kwaye wakwenza eRussia, yintoni eyenziwa yimpumelelo yakhe. Ngenxa yokunikezela ngobubele, uhambo lwaye lwaziswa ekhaya. Wagwetyiswa, wabuyela eSiberia.

Ubomi obulandelayo obomi bukaYerofey Khabarov abuzange bubekho emaphepheni kwimbali. Umhla wokufa kwakhe akaziwa, njengoko unyaka wokuzalwa kwakhe. Kodwa iingxelo zagcinwa, apho zonke amazwe ezixhaswe kwilizwe laseRussia zachazwa ngokucacileyo, kwaye ubutyebi obunikwe nguYerofei Khabarov kwilizwe. Oko okufunyanwe yile ndoda kwiindlela zokuhamba kwakhe kwachazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabaphengululi bomi bakhe. Igama lesikhululo se-Erofei Pavlovich kunye nesixeko saseKhabarovsk sigcine i-posterity.