Ukufakelwa ingcinezelo lomlilo oluzenzekelayo (unit ingcinezelo)

Akukho mntu kufuneka kukuxelela indlela yingozi na umlilo, yaye indlela ekunzima ngayo ukulwa komlilo, ezinako kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuze atshabalalise iziphumo zeminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi wezandla zabantu nale ndoda ngokwayo. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba lo. Nakuba kunjalo, kuza ixesha, kwaye nalo nenzululwazi kuphuhliswa. Namhlanje, abantu baye bafunda ukuba ukujongana ngomlilo wazi malunga usongo a umlilo ngalo mzuzu xa nelangatye nje wabonakala, nokukhawulelana akukho nzima. Konke oku kwenzeka kunye nesiqalo nokufika isixhobo efana ufakelo ekulweni nomlilo oluzenzekelayo.

Yintoni na? Ziyintoni iinjongo?

Iinkqubo kunye nofakelo zokulwa imililo, njengoko umthetho, ziyinxalenye izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko emlilweni jikelele isakhiwo okanye isakhiwo. njongo yabo iphambili ukuthintela ukusasazeka lidangatye kunye nokuzimanya umzabalazo kunye nezinto emazibekho zokuqala.

Ezi zixhobo amacandelo ozikhethelayo inkqubo lomlilo-zokuchela. Noko ke, kuloo maziko, apho kukho kwengozi yomlilo kunye kokunwenwa okunobakho ngokukhawuleza kwe lilangatye, kwaye apho kungekho kungenzeka sokukhutshwa ngobungxamo kwindawo ekubhalelwa likaxakeka abantu berhaxwa kummandla wentshabalalo lomlilo, inkqubo ingcinezelo umlilo oluzenzekelayo (uPA), singatsho nje ezinye endaweni yazo.

inkqubo zokulwa umlilo oluzenzekelayo nga ngokuba isethi izixhobo, nto leyo self-izingenele xa kunene ulawulwe kwiparameters kwindawo ekhuselweyo kwaye imiba malunga nezinyuko.

A isici esasenza zezi zixhobo - ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo -alam yomlilo oluzenzekelayo. Ezi zinto zidla ifakiwe kwinkqubo jikelele ekulweni nomlilo, kufuneka baqinisekise impumelelo enye, yaye ngokukhethekayo iinjongo ezininzi, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo:

- ukupheliswa lomlilo into ezikhuselweyo ukuya mzuzu xa amaxabiso ezibalulekileyo zifikelelwe imiba ucinezelo;

- ukupheliswa komlilo phambi kokuba umlilo uvela ongu- izakhiwo kwelo ziko;

- ukupheliswa lomlilo kwangoko kunokuba kunokubangelwa umonakalo ubuninzi ku impahla kunye nezinto ezixabisekileyo;

- Ukumiswa kweenkqubo yokutsha phambi kokuba kukho ingozi kwintshabalalo iiyunithi yokwenza, awanyakazela ngayo into lokukhuselwa.

Ngaphezu koko, phakathi kwemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka ukuba enze inkqubo ucimayo emlilweni oluzenzekelayo, kukho ezifana uncedo olungxamisekileyo ukuqinisekisa indawo kokuhlala ekhuselekileyo kubantu ngokuhlala kule sayithi.

Ezahlukeneyo ufakelo ezikhoyo ezenzekelayo

Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi ufakelo oluzenzekelayo ukulwa umlilo. Uyakwazi mabazihlele ngeendlela ezininzi. Xa design, ezi zixhobo zinokuba aggregate, yemodyuli, ngonogumbe kunye zokuchela. Ngendlela zokucima umlilo, zinokuba enkulu, kunye zendawo.

Ngendlela actuation (okanye umnyele) iseti, ukuba kwahlulwa-hlulwa ibe manual, okuzenzekelayo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo actuators (zombane, amanzi ekuqhubeni into, Ukusebenzisa umoya, mechanical, combined).

Ngokutsho kulo mba, njengoko inertia, umlilo oluzenzekelayo ufakelo lwesicimi lungohlulwa lube ultrafast,-high speed okanye inertia aphantsi, inertia eliphakathi ndakumandisa.

Ngaphandle kungasentla, ufakelo zokucima zahlulwa ngokuvumelana ixesha arhente ucimayo umlilo. Zingakotshwa idaleka, elifutshane, eliphakathi nexesha elide amanyathelo.

Noko ke, uphakathi iingcali kunye nabathengi eziqhelekileyo phakathi aziwe ukuhlelwa uhlobo into esetyenziselwa zokucima edangatyeni. Ngokutsho kule into, alarm umlilo oluzenzekelayo kunye nofakelo zokucima umlilo lungohlulwa lube emanzini, amagwebu, ukutshiza igesi, ibe luthuthu umphunga.

ufakelo esekelwe amagwebu

Zenzekelayo ufakelo ukulwa amagwebu umlilo yenye zinzima, kuba ngakumbi iquka iindlela ukuguqula ngumgubo lwe sisincoko ethile ibe amagwebu (ebizwa ngokuba sprinklers okanye umbane zomphunga). Ukongeza, izityalo alephuze amagwebu (ngakumbi, kumbhobho nomlilo) kufuneka kubekho ngokufumaneka imigqomo ezizodwa okanye amatanki, apho mxube igcinwe ukuze njengogwebu ukwenziwa okanye kuqulunqo sele zilungisiwe.

Ukusetyenziswa ubume kunye nolungiselelo amagwebu ngqo kwinkqubo zokucima umlilo ogqityiweyo - yinto obungako ezimbini ezahlukeneyo isimiso ukusebenza AUPT. Kuba nganye kwezi ndlela luphawulwa izinto eluncedo zombini kunye navumelanayo. Ukuba umahluko phakathi kwazo nje ngendlela engaqondakaliyo, kunokuthiwa ukuba ufakelo owayelwela oluzenzekelayo nomlilo, nto leyo ingqalelo ukulungiselela isiponji amanzi ligcinwa eqhiwukileyo, siya kuphumelela ngakumbi ukuba ukukhusela izinto indawo enkulu.

Ukufakelwa kunye alungele ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza ubume efanelekileyo lokuphelisa lomlilo ukuya kwindawo encinane into, ngokuba kukho inani lokusilela abonisa kwi ukugcinwa umthamo omkhulu ngokwaneleyo kunobukhulu amagwebu. Phakathi eziphawuleka kakhulu zibe nokwaziwa ngolu hlobo. Ukubunjwa kokugcina ubomi encinane kwithala, okt. E. Kufuneka kufakwe rhoqo, obuquka ukwanda kweendleko (imali leyo ngokomlinganiselo ubungakanani etankini). Ngokubhekele phaya, ukuba intloko ezifunekayo ukubonelela ngamanzi umlilo, yenza akukho ingqiqo ukutyala imali kulwakhiwo ichibi elikhulu. Ukongeza, qhagamshelana ubume amagwebu kwaye eziphathekayo awukho semthethweni, oko kukuthi, kuya kufuneka zizihlawulele ngokwazo kumphezulu engaphakathi isikhongozeli yokugcina epoxy yemastic, leyo, kwakhona, kwandisa iindleko. Ewe, amatanki kunye ezinkulu nzima kakhulu inkqubo zokuyilahla loo amagwebu endala azise omnye omtsha.

ufakelo oluzenzekelayo ugwebu ucimayo ukuzibonakalisa kakhulu ngempumelelo ngokwayo phantsi isicelo kwiiplanti zeekhemikali kunye petrochemical, apho igcinwa oluninzi kolwelo olunokutsha. Akagwetyelwanga ukusebenzisa kwabo izitora Ophalaza kunye ubuchule, oko kukuthi, apho ngokuqhelekileyo bambalwa abantu kwaye akukho ndlela eya ngokukhawuleza kuphunywe amaxabiso eziphathekayo.

Iinkqubo Lamanzi zokulwa umlilo

Ukufaka ezisebenzisa amanzi kakhulu ubhetyebhetye kuthelekiswa bonke abanye, kuba zinokuthi zisetyenziswe apho ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nokwenzeka sokukhutshwa ngobungxamo kwindawo ekubhalelwa likaxakeka na injongo, kuqala ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye (ii-ofisi, amaziko oluntu njalo njalo. D.).

Ukufaka ezisebenzisa amanzi ngenxa zokucima umlilo, ukuze zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini: yasekuhlaleni (zokuchela) nokukhusela yonke isakhiwo xa sisonke (ngonogumbe).

ufakelo okuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zokuchela (ukusuka sprincle IsiNgesi - "yimikhwitsho ngaphakathi") lixhotyiswe impendulo inkqubo izimele ngokupheleleyo. Xa erejistarisha nayiphi na ingongoma wobuso ayakhuselwa mhaka ukwandisa oko lobushushu (UAPT) ngokuzimeleyo iyasebenza yaye uthumela jet bolwelo luyacolwa atomized abe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba nobushushu.

( "Owomileyo" okanye "ezimanzi") Ukuba ukhetha UAPT ekhethwayo umbono wabo amanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba banikele ingqalelo uhlobo unit yolawulo. Eyokuqala busetyenziswa kakhulu amagumbi okulala kunye namaziko, kwaye eyesibini ( "manzi") - apho lobushushu is ze ngaphantsi zero.

ufakelo uNogumbe zokucima umlilo (automatic), ngokungafaniyo zokuchela zange elizimeleyo. Basoloko ukusebenza ngokubambisana kunye nenkqubo alarm umlilo olwenza kubo. izixhobo uNogumbe azinazo izixhobo kunye nabenzi boluvo, nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa indawo yomthombo eyandileyo teplootdeleniya kunye nokulungelelanisa imizamo yabo kweli cala. Ezi seto emsebenzini igutyungelwe yonke ubuso ekhoyo ngamanzi kwindawo ekhuselweyo.

Ukuba kukhethwa iinketho UAPT amanzi, simele sikhumbule ukuba amanzi uyakwazi azithethelele iikhompawundi ezithile organometallic kunye nemixube. Isiphumo ezi khemikhali ukuze ukukhululwa izinto eziyityhefu emoyeni, leyo, Kakade ke, kuya kudala iimeko ethintela ngobungxamo eyonakalisa impilo yabo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi oluzenzekelayo uhlobo umlilo zokucima Ufakelo azamkelekanga ngokubanzi kwabo izinto uhlobo mveliso apho inxaxheba amalahle, i-iron, carbides metal kwimijikelo zeteknoloji kunye m. P. Kwakhona, yifuna kufikelelwe kwiimeko apho UAPT amanzi ukuze kupheliswe idangatye kwiindawo apho agcinwe ulwelo olunokutsha kunye lobushushu yokutsha ukuba akukho ngaphezulu degrees 90.

ufakelo TRV

Okwangoku, bakhula kwaye ungenise ngempumelelo iteknoloji entsha eyodwa nokusebenza ufakelo zokucima umlilo. isizukulwana esitsha izixhobo oluzenzekelayo bangabi legqunyiwe ngomaleko obhityileyo amanzi phezu ekhoyo kunye ulwelo itshizwe amathontsi ezincinane ngqo kwi edangatyeni. Le osha lulwelo, ngokwenjenjalo edibanisa umlilo. izixhobo ezifana zaziwa ngokuba iinkqubo inkungu amanzi mlilo (TEV). Ngaphandle yokucheba lomlilo komphunga evulekileyo umkhondo ulwelo ekwandiseni vaporization. Le umphunga nayo, ukucutha ubuninzi eziqulathwe kwindawo ezamahala oxygen lufakwe kwaye ayisayicinezeli ithuba iinkqubo yokutsha. Isiphumo ezinjalo kwezixhobo yokungakhuseleki kwasendaweni liphezulu umthombo komlilo, ngokwahlukana kwayo eziphilayo olupheleleyo edangatyeni.

umlilo oluzenzekelayo zokucima nesicelo yomsebenzi technology atomization ngempumelelo kuloo ndawo apho kugcinwe olunokutsha ulwelo kunye nokwenziwa kwayo. Kwakhona, ezifana AUPT nako ukumisa inkqubo yokutsha osuswe utshintsho ngequbuliso kule ombane mbane. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kaninzi kuye kufuneke ukuba silwe umlilo zokucima izixhobo zombane phantsi ombane. Ukubonelela ukuba lo sisitshizi amanzi kunye into evuthayo kumgama ubuncinane 1 m amaxabiso ombane kuvumelekile besukelana ukuya ku-36,000 V.

Ukongezelela, ilifu zamathontsana entle kakhulu amanzi - izifunxi entle isibini esibophelelayo carbon monoxide, uthuthu kunye nezinye amasuntswana enze umonakalo omkhulu kumasebe internal human. Inkqubo zokucima ufakelo TPB aluthinteli ngobungxamo abantu (ukuba kuyimfuneko) kunye nokhuselo lwepropati.

Phakathi kubakho iingxaki ezimbalwa zezi zixhobo - ekungakwazini ukusebenzisa kuzo kwiindawo apho kukho ingozi ukunxibelelana iikhompawundi organometallic.

Efanelana uhlobo igesi

Freon Modern kwegesi okanye nitrogen ukwazi, argon, Inergen avumele umntu soyisa umlilo kwezo ndawo apho akunakwenzeka ukuba ezi njongo ukuba usebenzise impahla ulwelo (ndawo, apho kubakho short circuit, kukho yokugcina ulwazi, amathala eencwadi, amaziko olondolozo lwembali, yobugcisa).

Kwiindawo ukhuselwe unit ingcinezelo ngomlilo igesi, phezu isenzeko kuvusa ngokwenene kufuneka kufakwe izixhobo kunye neendlela zokukhanya (othi "Gas - hamba" Yaye "igesi - musa bangene") Kwaye isandi isaziso umlilo. Ngabo neemfuno inkqubo GOST.

Ukufakelwa lomlilo gas ingcinezelo (ezenzekelayo) ukudala imeko apho uphuhliso komlilo akunakwenzeka kwi siseko. Oku elula kakhulu kwiindawo emngciphekweni omkhulu ukwanda lidangatye. Ukuba indawo ye umlilo omncinane yaye ayifuni ukuqaliswa imiqulu irhasi eninzi, yokulwa umlilo kunokwenzeka ngaphandle ngobungxamo kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba kwerhasi ngeedosi ezinkulu kunokubangela umonakalo kwimpilo yabantu.

Sebenzisa Ufakelo gas ekulweni nemililo sigwetyelwe kwiimeko lomlilo kwimimandla umbane kwi mn kunye TPP (umbane zokucima xa isicelo of olupholisa hydrogen-type) ukwenzela izinto ekuveliseni izixhobo ngokulula olunokutsha, kwezothutho-elide umgama, xa warehouses kunye neenqobo. Kumathala eencwadi kunye neemyuziyam zingasetyenziswa Ufakelo xa igcinwe zakudala kunye yokufuna ulwazi phantsi kweglasi.

Kwangaxeshanye kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ufakelo ayikho izinto ezisebenzayo apho oluzenzekelayo umlilo-zokucima gas-based ungakwazi ukuvutha xa ingekho i-oksijini kule nkqubo. Akukho sixhobo izicelo kwiimeko apho izinto ezithandwa ukuba umlilo okhawulezileyo kwaye engamabhodlo (chips iinkuni, irabha, umqhaphu, njalo njalo. P.), Kuba iintlobo ezithile zesinyithi ezinokuthi zisenokuxabana yeegesi kwimathiriyeli pyrophoric.

amakha Ufakelo-mlilo esekelwe

Okwangoku, esi sesona (80% amatyala), zonke iintlobo ezichazwe ngaphambili lweenkqubo umlilo-mlilo oluzenzekelayo na uhlobo umgubo UAPT obuphantsi. Le ububanzi izicelo ngenxa eziliqela iingenelo. Okokuqala, ezi zixhobo ubhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo (mhlawumbi ukusebenzisa ucimayo yombane). Okwesibini, ubomi reagent ezikhabhathini lide ngokwaneleyo, yokuyikhangela ayikho ngumceli-mngeni omkhulu. Ukongeza, loo umda amaqondo obushushu aphezulu UAPT, yaye non-ityhefu.

uhlobo Ukufakelwa ngumgubo yanako ukulwa imililo, Class A, B no-C, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu amathuba abo ekuvalweni imililo kwiindawo ezikude, apho ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ukuba ulinde uncedo ixesha elide.

Ukufakelwa lomlilo oluzenzekelayo zokucima kunye nesicelo emigutyeni iyasebenza umlilo oyile kunye zokumpompa izibonelelo, xa usebenza ngamanqaku zombane kunye iindawo. Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo ebezifuna akunakufezekiswa ukuba izinto avuthayo, leyo ukuxhasa le nkqubo akufuneki ioksijini, kwakunye nezo ezithandwa umlilo okhawulezileyo kunye ukubola.

Isixhobo sokucima umlilo asihambisani iinkqubo protivodymovoy umoya. Yaye ekubeni esi sokugqibela sona kufuneka nakanjani babe khona apho abantu rhoqo, ngoko ke isabelo umgubo kwabalelwa UAPT izibonelelo mveliso, izitora namatonela.

spray-uhlobo izixhobo

ufakelo oluzenzekelayo lomlilo zetoti - yinto isixhobo enye injongo. Abakwazi kusetyenziselwa zokucima umlilo izinto eziyingozi, kwakunye apho abantu awayesoloko. kanye Ukubunjwa kutshizwe sabo ayinabungozi kwaye ayikho nako esingenakubangela naliphi na ukwenzakala embi. Nangona kunjalo, lo basha ngokwawo, ufakelo alarm umlilo oluzenzekelayo njesitsitsi nomlilo-based musa ukuvumela abantu ukuba ubone apho dlela ngobungxamo.

Ngenxa ukusebenza aphezulu ezi UAPT emlilweni iyonke abantu babo Ukupheliswa nga kulinda kwi sakhiwo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela aze athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuthintela Ufakelo kuqhuma ngokwayo ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu yangaphakathi awo xi oscillation ngokubhekiselele kwiqondo lobushushu lwangaphandle.

Devices spray-elaliqikelelwe nohlobo zingqineke kakuhle kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukucima umlilo, wamqumbisa yi yokusilela kwi umbane. izityalo ezifana wokuqalisa kolawulo ngabantu imvelaphi lomlilo. Luhle ukhuseleko emlilweni ukuze izithuthi ezinkulu, izibonelelo ioli, njalo-njalo. N.

Noko ke, umlilo oluzenzekelayo loo ufakelo lwesicimi kwaye ebonisa usebenzisa ulwelo bengenako ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ukubola kwiingcamba yangaphakathi (aneentunja, izixhobo ezinezikhondo), kunye yokutsha ngaphandle kukho ioksijini.

Ukufakelwa ukusebenza lokuzimela kwaye nefuthe

Apha ezichazwe, kwiimeko ezininzi, oluzenzekelayo esisigxina ucimayo umlilo, kodwa kunye nabo kukho ingqikelelo inkqubo lokuzimela kwaye zokucima umlilo. Yintoni na?

inkqubo izimele kuphela ekwaziyo lokubhaqa ekugxilwe eyandileyo transfer ubushushu isigqibo kwimfuneko ukuqalisa inkqubo umlilo-zokuchela. Ezi zixhobo ekunokuthiwa ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi kunye negesi iintlobo UAPT. iinkqubo ezinjalo zidla baxhotyiswa boluvo ezizodwa ecingela kwamaqondo eziphakamileyo okanye nokuchonga amasuntswana ezahlukeneyo emoyeni nokwakheka. Ukuba ezi zinto ayinakutshintshwa, abenzi boluvo angadlulisela uphawu kwiqela lenjongo ngokwabo uhlalutyo kunye nemiyalelo ngenjongo inkqubo yokusebenza (kwimeko umngcipheko izicacele lomlilo). Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo bofakelo ulandelelwano zisenokwahluka kancinane, kodwa kumaxesha amaninzi algorithm isigxina "lokuzazisa - isicelo - ukusetyenziswa".

Ngenxa yoko, amacandelo ezibophelelayo ngoweqela ufakelo oluzenzekelayo elizimeleyo umlilo-zokucima, kwaye isixhobo ubhaqo aqhutywa yaye, enyanisweni, ukuba isixhobo silungele ucimayo umlilo ngqo. Eyokuqala, Kakade, ekunokuthiwa iyunithi ezibalulekileyo yofakelo bebhetri. Xa uzingela izixhobo kunye nokubaleka ziquka detectors umlilo, zilungiselwe ibhetri okanye ugesi mandla electromotive ngokusebenzisa i coil induction. Kwakhona, ezi zixhobo ziquka fuse, kwaye ngumgubo thermally eziqalisa.

Ukongezelela, qho kufakelo ezimeleyo esilungiselelwe inkqubo sungula manual eyenza zokuhamba isebenze ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba mzuzu ukuba iqondo lobushushu lommandla okhuselweyo ungaphezulu ixabiso ezibalulekileyo. Lo msebenzi kakhulu, kuluncedo kakhulu, kuba loo mntu amaninzi va basabela njani iimpawu komlilo asakhulayo (ifiva, ivumba, umsi, njalo njalo. N.) ngaphambili kakhulu kunokuba kuya kwenza inkqubo yokugaya abenzi boluvo.

uhla amanani

Ifakela oluzenzekelayo zokulwa esisigxina ufakelo ukuze azikhusele kumakhaya abo, kubalulekile ukwenza uyondelelwano, akazami eqoqosha nalapho oku akuvumelekanga, kodwa ukubeka imali engaphezulu, kuba umlilo - into enqabileyo, kunye nokugcinwa zokucima umlilo yezimali xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso layo lokuqala.

Namhlanje, i ininzi luthathwa UAPT ibe luthuthu zetoti uhlobo, njengoko kwenza umonakalo noqhekeko kumaxabiso eziphathekayo kwaye uninzi lwabo yingozi kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana. Kancinane imali eninzi kakhulu Ufakelo gesi: akukho umonakalo kwipropati, kodwa kufuneka ngokulitywina ndawo kunye pre-ukufudusa abantu. ufakelo amagwebu ezibiza kakhulu, kodwa ngokubanzi aluquki ekwakhiweni kwezindlu labucala kwaye zezona zona izitora hangars kunye zombane.

Abizayo abaninzi kubizwa inkqubo tonkostruynogo spray yamanzi, izinto ezo nangayiphi na indlela axhokonxe ukufudusa abantu, ukuvumela ukuba ukukhwela umlilo egumbini de nokushukuxa sabo setotali kwaye musa esingenakubangela naliphi na umonakalo amaxabiso eziphathekayo. Amathontsi zolwelo encinane kangangokuba ukunxibelelana nokulenya ngokomphushu phambi kokuba afikelele komhlaba. Kwakhona, umphunga is generated kwinkqubo ucimayo, nto leyo ethintela ukunwenwa lomlilo kunciphisa ubushushu egumbini.