Ukugqithiswa kwemifanekiso: imifanekiso kunye neenjongo eziphambili zolawulo

Intshukumo ye-Surrealist yasungulwa kuma-1920 e-Paris ngeqela elincinci labalobi kunye nabaculi abazama indlela entsha yokuhambisa ingcamango engabonakaliyo ye-subconscious. Ukugqithiswa kwezobugcisa kwintlangano yelizwe jikelele. Amacwecwe abonisa iimpawu ezingenangqiqo kunye nokuchaneka kwezithombe, wadala izidalwa ezingaqhelekanga kwizinto zemihla ngemihla kwaye ngelo xesha zijonga ukuba umsebenzi wazo ubonakalisa intshukumo yefilosofi.

Iqela labantu abanomdla

Igama elithi "surrealist" laqulunqwa nguGuillaume Apollinaire, kwaye ngokokuqala ngqa kubonakala kwintetho yomdlalo wakhe. Kwaye kwezobugcisa, ukunyakaza kwaqashelwa ngokusemthethweni ngowe-1924, xa u-Andre Breton wabhala indlela yakhe yokubonakalisa intando. Kulo, wacetyiswa ukuba umculi kufuneka azame ukufikelela kwi-subconscious yakhe kwaye kuye kukukhuthaza.

U-André uzakhela iqela labantu abafanayo. Babengabantu ababesazi okokuqala ukuba yiyiphi intandokazi. Imifanekiso yabo iyathandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Aba ngabaculi abaziwayo kakhulu uJean Arp noMax Ernst. Kodwa kwakukho phakathi kwabo ababhali kunye neengonyama ezifana noFilipi Supo, uLouis Aragon nabanye abaninzi. Kwaye laba bantu babecinga ukuba ngumsebenzi wabo kuphela wokudala ulwahlulo olutsha kwezobugcisa, kodwa ukuguqula ubomi kunye nokulungisa umhlaba wonke.

Abameli abadumileyo besalathiso

U-André Breton , ongu-theorist of surrealism, wayekholelwa ukuba olu lathiso luya kutshabalalisa umgca othile phakathi kwezinto eziyinyaniso kunye namaphupha, kwaye ngenxa yoko, kwakuza kubakho ubungqina obukhulu. Wayezama rhoqo ukudibanisa enye injongo yabangqungquthela, kodwa phakathi kwabo kukho iingxabano ezingapheliyo, ukungavumelani okungafaniyo, abaninzi bebenokumangalelwa kunye, kwaye kaninzi baxutywanga ngaphandle kwabo babhikishi nabachasayo.

Ukugqithiswa kwezinto kwakusekelwe kwiingcamango zikaFreud, eziquka indlela yemibutho, ngoncedo lwabo, kunye nokuguqulwa kwihlabathi lokuqonda ukuya kwi-subconscious. Nangona kunjalo, imizobo kwisitayela sokuzinikezela kunemeko ehlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kumbhali. U-Dali, umzekelo, uzama ngokuchaneka kwezithombe ukubonisa zonke iinkcukacha zomsebenzi wakhe, odla ngokufana neendlongo.

UMax Ernst wabhala yakhe imidwebo ngokungathi ngokuzenzekelayo, ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo ingqondo. Ngaloo nto wayephindaphinda imifanekiso engabonakaliyo, ngokudala idale ingcamango ethile yohlobo. Kodwa kunye noJean Miro, omnye umculi owayexhaswa yi-surrealism, imidwebo ayifani nje ngokuhlukileyo kwiindawo ezahlukileyo, kodwa kunye nokuvuya kwemibala.

Amabhanki amabini adibene kunye, okanye iindlela zokubhala imifanekiso

Ukugqithiswa kwemali kwandula ukuthandwa ngokukhethekileyo ngexesha leMfazwe yeSizwe yokuqala neyesibini. Emva koko abalandeli bakhe bafudukela emazweni ahlukeneyo kwaye babonakala nje eYurophu kuphela, kodwa e-United States. Akukho nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kwe-surrealism yi-Dadaism yangoku, eyavela eZurich ngo-1916. Abadada baba ngabokuqala ukusebenzisa indlela yokuphosa amapayipi kumninimzi, abanike ithuba lokusasaza ngendlela ekhohlakeleyo. Ngelo xesha, ukufundwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zafunyanwa, ezichaze iingcamango zomculi.

Kwaye sele sele sele i-1920s, iiDadadi zidibanisa kunye nabaxhasi basemngceleni omnye. Kodwa oomatumi abadumileyo abadweba imidwebo kwindlela yokuzinikezela, abazange bafune ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuqala zokuvakalisa iingcamango kwimisebenzi yabo. Baye bakhetha ukufezekiswa ngolu hlobo lwangaphakathi, xa kukho ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwengqondo, into enjenge-self-hypnosis. Kwaye kula maxesha ukudala ubugcisa babo. Izindlela ezifanayo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nomculi odumileyo uSalvador Dali, owakhetha ukupenda imifanekiso ngokukhawuleza emva kokulala, xa ingqondo ingakhululwa. Kwaye uvame ukuvusa phakathi kobusuku ukudala enye ingcweti.

Ukunyuswa kwezinto: Imifanekiso ye-El Salvador

Kwakungenasihloko ukuba ubuchule bukaDali abuyi kuphazamiseka. Le bhomu ye- athomu, kunye neemfazwe zentlalo, isayensi, ubugcisa kunye nokupheka okuqhelekileyo. Kwaye phantse yonke into ayiphendule ibe yinto engacatshulwayo, engazange ifumaneke ekuqondeni kwanoma yimuphi umntu.

Imisebenzi eminingi yaseSalvador idibanise imifanekiso engahambelani ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa iqhinga lebhokisi lifana nento eyenzekayo. Ngokomzekelo, imizobo ethi "The Mystery Endless" kunye ne "Castle of Gala ePubol". Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nayiphi na umsebenzi weDali unemihlangano emnandi yemibala kunye nemibala.

Injongo ephambili yokunyusa

Ukudalwa kwesimo esinqabileyo, esingahambelani nemigangatho eyamkelwa ngokubanzi, bekuyinjongo ephambili eyamkelwa yi-surrealism. Imizobo ebhaliweyo kule ndlela, kwakufuneka ibeke abaphulaphuli kunye nemifanekiso ye-surreal. Indlela umlobi womsebenzi obona ngayo loo nto okanye into ebonakalayo engokoqobo, kungekhona kwimihla ngemihla.

I-surrealism yanamhlanje ibamba iimbono zababukeli abaninzi ngemifanekiso yayo engavamile kunye nemibala. Ngaphezulu kwehafu yeshumi leminyaka, lo mfanekiso ukhona kwizobugcisa behlabathi, kwaye abaculi bazama ukudala imifanekiso engaphezulu kwezinto ezithandekayo ezithatha ingqalelo kubamkeli bale ndlela.