Ukukhula koqoqosho kunokubonakalisa ukutshintshela kwesokudla. Iiparameters zokukhula koqoqosho

Ukukhula koqoqosho kunokubonakaliswa ngenyuka kwixabiso lemarike yeempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe kweli lizwe. Kwaye kwenziwa isilungiso sokunyuka kwamaxabiso okwenyuka kwemali yokunciphisa imali. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukubikezelwa kwezoqoqosho kubandakanya ukutshintsha kwintengo yangaphakathi yemveliso nganye.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, le ndlela yokuqikelela ukukhula kokuncinci inezinto ezilungileyo kunye nezilungelelaniso. Ngokomzekelo, ukulinganisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye ne-GDP ayithathi ingqalelo ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezenzeka ngexesha lokubala umkhiqizo owenziwe ekhaya.

Typology

Ukuba ukuphuhliswa koqoqosho lwelizwe kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo, kuthiwa yi-intensive. Ukukhula okunjalo amazwe alwela. Ukuba i-GDP yandile ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwemibandela yokuvelisa, ibizwa ngokubanzi. Olu phuhliso alukwazi ukuqhubeka ixesha elide, njengoko izixhobo ziphelile ngokukhawuleza.

I-GDP njengesiqununu

Ukukhula koqoqosho kungaboniswa ngenyuka kwimveliso emveliso yasekhaya. Iyakwazi ukudibaniswa kunye nophuhliso olubanzi kunye olunzulu. Isalathisi ngasinye ngeyona ndlela ichanileyo . I-GDP ibhekwa njengombonakalo wexabiso lexabiso lemarike yazo yonke impahla yokugqibela kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe kwilizwe ngexesha elithile. Kuchongwa kwaye kuyinyani. Okuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo kubonakalisa okwenyaniso yesibini.

Ukukhula koqoqosho kunokubonakaliswa ngenguqu kwi- GDP yangempela nganye, ekubeni le nqondiso ibonisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nomgangatho wokuphila kwabantu. Ii-arhente zeSizwe zeenkcukacha zezona zizwe zehlabathi, kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, zivavanya esi sibonakaliso. I-drawback enkulu ye-GDP njengesiqingatha sokukhula koqoqosho yinto yokuba ibonakalisa ukuhamba, kungekhona. Kwakhona, akayithatheli ingqalelo ingcoliseko yengqongileyo ngenxa yeenkqubela phambili zobugcisa, ukuhanjiswa kwengeniso emphakathini, "i-gray" kunye ne "ezimnyama" iimarike, ukwaneliseka ngokuzithobayo ngobomi babantu.

Izinto zokunyuka kwemveliso embi

Ukukhula koqoqosho kungabangelwa ukwanda kwintsebenzo yabasebenzi, ukunyaniseka komsebenzi wabantu, ipesenteji yabemi abanamandla kunye nokuncitshiswa kwabangasebenzi. Ukwanda kweemveliso kubonakalisa impembelelo edibeneyo yale miba kuqoqosho lozwelonke. Imveliso yenyuka kwixabiso lempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe, zonke ezinye izinto zilingana. Ngokutsho kukaRobert Solow, inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe ixanduva lwe-80% yokukhula kwemali nganye kwi-US ngexesha elide.

Utyalo-mali awuthintekanga kakhulu. Ngokuphathelele ubunzima bomsebenzi, kulinganiswa ngokweeyure zomsebenzi. Izinto eziseleyo zokukhula kwe-GDP zidibana neenguqu zentlalo kwisakhiwo sabemi.

Iiparameters zokukhula koqoqosho

Ukukhula koqoqosho kungabonwa ngokunyuka kwezi zilandelayo:

• Imveliso yangaphakathi yemveliso nganye yangaphakathi. Ngalesi sibonakaliso, sithe sathetha ngeenkcukacha kwicandelo lokugqibela, ngoko nangoko uye kwenye indawo. Ilingana nemali yokusetyenziswa kwenkcitho kawonkewonke, utyalo-mali kunye nokuthengiswa okuthe ngqo kwamanani ahlukeneyo ngenani labemi beli lizwe.
• Umthamo wemali yokunikezelwa kwempahla eyahlukeneyo kwezoqoqosho.
• Index Index Price. Ilizwe ngalinye lichaza isetyenzisi sempahla kunye neenkonzo, ngoko ke iziphumo zokubala azihlali zifana. Nangona kunjalo, kubonisa ukuba yiyiphi ipesenti yokukhula ayifanelekanga ekuphuculeni imeko yezoqoqosho, kodwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso.
• Isalathiso samaxabiso omveliso. Kuyafana nesalathisi sangaphambili, kodwa sibonisa iindleko zoshishino.

• Index of expected expectations. Esi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukulindela kwabathengi malunga nomso. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okulindelekileyo kungcono kunokuba kungekho mntu unako ukulungiselela.
• Ngqesho. Ngethuba lokunciphisa umnotho, liyancipha, ngoko lo mfanekiso ubonisa ngokucacileyo isigaba somjikelo wezoqoqosho uqoqosho.
• Imiqulu yokuthengiswa kweentengiso. Esi sibonakaliso sinxulumene nesalathiso sokulindela okwenyuka kwabathengi. Nangona kunjalo, bhetele kubonisa ukuba yeyiphi na amacandelo aphuhliswa kakubi, kwaye angcono.
• Umgangatho wokwakha. Ukwandiswa ngokukhawuleza kwezindlu nezakhiwo zoshishino zezakhiwo kubonisa ixesha lokuchuma kwezoqoqosho.
• Umthamo wempahla yokuthengisa kwimpahla yokugcina impahla. Ukunyuka kwalo kuqhelekileyo kwithuba lokunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokusondela kwezomnotho.
• Ixabiso lezabelo zeenkampani ezihamba phambili kwimarike.

Ummandla wesithili

Ekubeni ukukhula koqoqosho kunokubonakaliswa ngokutshintshwa kwamathuba okuvelisa okulungileyo nakwehla , kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kutheni oku kwenzeka. Kwaye nakhu uqoqosho lwengingqi luya kunceda. Uhlola ukuba ukubeka izinto zichaphazela njani umthamo weemveliso kunye neentengiso zemveliso.

Uqoqosho lwengingqi lusebekho kwisiseko apho umgaqo-nkqubo wokuphuhliswa kweeyunithi zolawulo zelizwe kunye nalo lonke uwonkewonke lwakhiwa.

Iingcamango nemizekelo

Ingxelo yezoqoqosho yenguqu ezayo kwi-volume kunye nesakhiwo somvuzo wesizwe mhlawumbi iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwisifundo. Emva koko, kunika umphumo wangempela osebenzayo ongasetyenziswa ukuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho. Isikolo ngasinye siphucule indlela yaso yokufunda ukukhula. Phakathi kwazo zilandelayo:

• Iikhosi zokukhula zakudala. Baqwalasela izinto ezimbini kuphela. Ngoko ke, ukukhula kuzo kubangelwa utshintsho kubasebenzi okanye kwiinkunzi. Iinkqubo zobugcisa aziqwalaselwe. Akuqwalaselwe kwaye uqoqosho lwezinga.
• Umzekelo weSolow-Swan uphuhliswe yizinzulu kwi-1950. Umzekelo ubona ukubuyiswa kokunciphisa ekusebenziseni abasebenzi kunye nenkunzi njengemibandela yomveliso.
• Ingcamango yokukhula okungapheli yenziwa nguRomer noLucas kuma-80s. Iqwalasela inkcazo yeemathematika yokuphucula iteknoloji kunye nomgaqo woluntu.

• Umbono onobumbano wokukhula. Umbhali walo nguOded Galor. Ucacisa iipatheni zolawulo lokukhula kolunye uqoqosho, oluyi-theory engaphambili engayifumaniyo.
• Ingcamango "ye-push" enkulu. Le ngcamango yayithandwa kakhulu kwi-40s. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ilizwe ngalinye lifuna i-push ukuze lihambe ukusuka kwinqanaba elinye lophuhliso linye.

Ulungiso kunye namaziko

Ngokuqhelekileyo zonke iingcamango zanamhlanje ziqwalasela ezi zinto zibini. Abaninzi babo bafaka phakathi kwiphuhliso loluntu. Njengoko siyazi, ukukhula koqoqosho kunokubonakaliswa ngokutshintshela i-curve supply supply curve ngakwesokudla. Enye yeemeko zolu tshintsho yinkqubela yezobugcisa, enye ingumbutho wabasebenzi, oko kukuthi, isikhungo.