Ukubunjwa, Iikholeji neeyunivesithi
Ukusebenza enoqoqosho nocikizeko kwezoqoqosho: yokubala ifomula
Ukudala Ngokwefomyula yokubala-ukusebenza iindleko ayikwazanga kakhulu ukwenza ubomi lula ukuba amashishini. Ukuze kwandiswe umthamo yenzuzo yenkampani nganye uzama ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso ukwandisa ingeniso yabo okanye ukutyala imali kwinkqubo yemveliso ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko.
iintlobo ngendlela
Bongeka yahlulwe iindidi ezimbini. Lokuqala - kwezoqoqosho. Okwesibini - yentlalo noqoqosho.
Xa isibaluli-ukusebenza iindleko kukuba yenkampani bawandise mali yenzuzo ezifumeneyo. Isibaluli wemfezeko lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho - inqanaba ngokwanelisa iimfuno kunye neemfuno zabemi.
Classic yokubala ngendlela
Le ndlela yokubala jikelele yokubala i-ukusebenza iindleko lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
EkEf = F / W, apho
EkEf - ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho;
P - yeziphumo ifunyenwe kwi-mali;
W - iindleko ekungenwe ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo.
Ngamana lo ifomula ukubala iindleko-Ukusebenza kwamanyathelo, ubude leyo eyenzelwe ukuba ixesha analo lifutshane. Kwenye imeko, le isalathisi akanako ukubonakalisa ukunqweneleka zotyalo-mali, ekubeni ekuhambeni kwexesha kukho izinto ezongezelelweyo loo nto iquka indlela ngasentla.
ukusebenza ingundoqo
Kukho kwakhona ifomula ezivakalisa ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
EE = ab (Efese 1 - Efe 0) / (K D + K * n), apho
ab BAYO - ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho;
Efese 1 - isiphumo lulonke emva kokuba isiganeko;
Efe 0 - isiphumo phambi kokuba isiganeko;
Kwaye - iindleko zizonke;
K - utyalo iziganeko;
K n - zolawulo factor.
yokulawulwa factor
Esi salathisi sibonisa ntoni na ukuba ayasebenza eyamkelekileyo ubuncinane kule okanye kwinqanaba. I parameter obufanayo yonke imisebenzi ishishini elithile, kodwa inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ndawo.
Ngumlingani kukuba kuluhlu ukususela ku-10 ukuya 33 ekhulwini. Kule ndawo yokurhweba, eli nani yi-25% kwicandelo mveliso - 16%.
Ukusebenza kokusetyenziswa yeemeko yemveliso
lweshishini ngasinye abasebenzi, esisigxina nabajikelezisa iindlela zemveliso. Ngaphandle kwabo, inkqubo yemveliso ayikho ngqiqweni. Kwakhona, iinkampani bazama ukuphucula intsebenzo yabo imali ukuphucula intsebenzo.
Ukubala ukusebenza ukusetyenziswa nganye kwezi zinto, besebenzisa iindlela zabo. Ezinye zazo zisekelwe kwimigaqo efanayo.
nokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi
Ukuze kulinganiswe indlela apho nkampani ngempumelelo usebenzisa abasebenzi balo iparameters ezimbini. Okokuqala ukuphuhlisa. Lo mqathango yesibini - le xaka. Generation zibalwe lulwahlulo inani kwempahla eveliswe iindleko kubasebenzi:
B = G / H, apho
In - uphuhliso;
Malunga - umthamo imveliso eyenziweyo kwi kwisityalo;
iindleko ezichithwe ishishini ngabafakwa uviko - W.
Index of input okusebenza uguqulo lonikezelo lwe isalathisi elidlulileyo, kwaye kubonisa ukuba imali kufuneka isetyenziswe kubasebenzi zezityalo, wenziwa ukuya kwenye iyunithi imveliso.
T = W / A = B -1 = 1 / B, apho
T - xaka;
In - uphuhliso;
Malunga - umthamo imveliso eyenziweyo kwi kwisityalo;
iindleko ezichithwe ishishini ngabafakwa uviko - W.
Ifomula yokubala indleko-ukusebenza kwabasebenzi yenkampani ingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
tr BAYO = ((D 1 * D - W 1) - (malunga 0 * C - D 0)) / Ke apho
mp BAYO - ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho zabasebenzi;
Malunga 1 - umthamo yemveliso emva utyalo-mali zabasebenzi;
C - ixabiso imveliso;
Z 1 - iindleko zemveliso emva kokuba isiganeko;
Malunga 0 - umthamo yokuthengisa uxhobiso lwabantu;
D 0 - iindleko zokuvelisa phambi kwesiganeko.
ezingahambisekiyo (RP)
Kukho eziphambili iparameters ezimbini zokubala ukusebenza kokusetyenziswa RP: imveliso eyinkunzi kunye capital ngamandla. yemveliso Capital ibalwa njengoko umlinganiselo wexabiso zonke iimveliso, leyo yaveliswa lweshishini kunyaka omnye, yeendleko avareji mali.
F o = VP / ngonyaka C apho
VP - zonke iimveliso yenkampani ngokwe mali (kuquka iindleko kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye nomsebenzi kuyaqhubeka);
F of - buyela kwi-asethi;
With kulo nyaka - ixabiso PF ngonyaka 1 ngamnye nge-avareji.
ratio capital salathisi imbuyekezo uguqulo asethi ezisisigxina. Ukumisela ixabiso lomlingani kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ifomula eziliqela.
F f = (F o) -1 = 1 / F o, apho
F e - ezinkulu;
F kwi - imveliso eyinkunzi.
Kwimeko yokuba icandelo engundoqo nibuyisele (OS) alifumaneki, umfutho yee-kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
F = f (P unyaka / njengephempe), apho
F e - ezinkulu;
VI - ixabiso kwemveliso ezinzulu ngokwemimiselo yezemali;
With kulo nyaka - avareji ixabiso yonyaka-asethi ezisisigxina.
zonke iinkampani uzama ukunciphisa umlinganiselo eyinkunzi kunye nokwandisa nembuyiselo asethi. Umzekelo Ngokwefomyula yokubala ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho mali yezityalo kunye nezixhobo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Of ITS = ((D 1 * D 1 - Iveki 1) - (malunga 0 * C 0 - D 0)) / Ke apho
off BAYO - ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho-asethi ezisisigxina;
Malunga 1 - umthamo yemveliso emva utyalo-mali RP;
C 1 - ixabiso imveliso emva utyalo-mali;
C 2 - ixabiso imveliso utyalo-mali kwii-asethi ezisisigxina;
Z 1 - iindleko zemveliso emva kokuba isiganeko;
Malunga 0 - umthamo yokuthengisa utyalo-mali kwii-asethi ezisisigxina;
D 0 - iindleko zokuvelisa phambi kwesiganeko.
Ajikelezayo kuthetha (pp.)
Iimpawu Ezintathu zisetyenziswa ukugqiba impumelelo yokusetyenziswa kwemali eyinkunzi yokusebenza:
- iqondo lokufakelwa;
- ixesha ingeniso;
- Kwi ingxinano factor. S.
Ngomhla ratio ingeniso. C. ke ngoko ukuba imveliso eyinkunzi ngenxa OS. Oku ibalwa ifomula:
K v = RP / C obs apho
Malunga - rate turnover;
RP - uphunyezwe iimpahla ngokwalo imali;
Nge obs - isixa avareji ezisalayo on. S.
'Ngumlingani ka losetyenziso uguqulo lonikezelo lwe ratio turnover:
K s = (K v) -1 = 1 / v = C obs / PM, apho
K h - umthwalo factor;
Malunga - rate turnover;
RP - uphunyezwe iimpahla ngokwalo imali;
Nge obs - isixa avareji ezisalayo on. S.
ixesha Intengiso - oku inani leentsuku ofuna elikomkhulu ukusebenza wenza revolution nye ngokupheleleyo, kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
T v = L / v = K * D C obs / PM, apho
T on - time izithuthi;
D - Inani leentsuku ixesha zihlalutywe;
Malunga - rate turnover;
RP - uphunyezwe iimpahla ngokwalo imali;
Nge obs - isixa avareji ezisalayo on. S.
Ifomula yokubala indleko-ukusebenza kwamanyathelo acetywayo ukuphucula ukusetyenziswa eyinkunzi yokusebenza aluxhomekekanga kakhulu kwi ingeniso ezongezelelweyo, kodwa kunokuba kuncitshiso iindleko.
obs = E y BAYO / E, apho
obs BABO - ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho eyinkunzi yokusebenza;
Ey - ekongeni ezimiselweyo eyinkunzi yokusebenza;
Kwaye - ubungakanani iziqhoboshelo.
ukusebenza kwezomnotho
Ifomula yokubala iinzuzo-ngempumelelo iindleko kunye nezoqoqosho zisetyenziswa kakhulu iinkampani ezenza elifutshane ukumnika imali ukuphucula iinkalo ezithile imisebenzi yabo. Ifomula Ukubala yayo yile ilandelayo:
Efe = D - H * K, apho
Efe - nefuthe loqoqosho;
D - ingeniso okanye imali evela isiganeko;
Kwaye - iindleko amanyathelo;
K n - zolawulo factor.
ukusebenza advertising
Advertising - yinto ngothotho lwezixhobo zokuthengisa, injongo isicelo yayo ukusasaza ulwazi malunga kwempahla, iinkonzo, abantu, iinkampani, kwakunye ukutsala abathengi. Ifomula yokubala indleko-ukusebenza intengiso ibonisa iziphumo ezifunyenwe emva ukwenza iphulo lokwazisa. Le indlela yokuqingqa inani ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
EE = p (vd 1 - WA 0) / I, apho
Its p - ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho iintengiso;
HP 1 - ingeniso epheleleyo emva iintengiso;
HP 0 - ingeniso Gross phambi iintengiso;
Kwaye - iindleko intengiso.
Xa kubalwa ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko eendaba yeentengiso nzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba lande ingeniso epheleleyo lweshishini ngenxa kweentegiso. Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba uza kuba kwingeniso yenkampani zinyuke ukuba inkampani musa isaziso ngokwabo okanye iimpahla zabo. Ngaphandle koku, ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho intengiso busaviwa ingqalelo.
Ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho yenkampani
Isalathisi iphambili zenkampani - ke lona umnatha yenzuzo eliseleyo emva kokuba zonke iindleko zitsalwa kwaye wahlawula zonke iirhafu. Akukho indawo ekwandiseni ezingenayo, iindleko iza kunyuka ukuba isantya enye okanye ezingakumbi.
Ngoko ke, ukubala classical ucikizeko kwezoqoqosho akasoloko ukubonisa ngenxa amanyathelo ecetywayo iya kuchaphazela eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba zibalwe umlinganiselo ngesiphumo ukuya iindleko kuphela ngempumelelo yakhe. Kwiimeko apho iziphumo lwezenzo ingeniso epheleleyo, sisalathisi ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho olungachanekanga kuba akukho nto ithathele ingqalelo ukwanda kunokwenzeka umthamo iindleko zemveliso.
Ifomula yokubala ukusebenza kuqoqosho lweshishini lungabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
N = ITS (PE 1 - PE 0) / I, apho
Talo n - ukusebenza kuqoqosho lweshishini;
PE 1 - ngeniso net emva utyalo-mali;
BH 0 - ingeniso net phambi mali.
iprojekthi zotyalo-Long-term
Zonke kwezi ndlela yokubala ukusebenza zingasetyenziswa kuphela amanyathelo elifutshane (ukuya kunyaka omnye). Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo Ifomula yokubala akuthethi akhawunti ngenxa imiba isaphulelo ezenza kube lula ukubala ukunqweneleka kobunini, kuthathelwa ingqalelo indlela yengeniso.
Ngenxa yoko, le Ngokwefomyula yokubala indleko-ukusebenza kwale projekthi, yenzelwe ixesha elide, ayikho. Le bona le mali ibalwa ngokusekelwe ixabiso elikhoyo net kunye nexesha payback, nto leyo ebonisa ixesha elingakanani kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba iprojekthi zotyalo-mali iza kuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo yaye baqalisa ukwenza inzuzo.
Ixabiso net langoku zibalwe udibaniso zonke iintlawulo kunye ingeniso evela kutyalo-mali, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko isaphulelo ixesha ngalinye. TTS Formula angamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
TTS = (CF / (1 + p) 1) + (CF / (1 + p) 2) + (CF / (1 + p) 3) + ... + (CF / (1 + p) n), apho
NPV - net ixabiso langoku;
flow intlawulo (umahluko phakathi ingeniso kunye nenkcitho) - CF;
p - ipesenteji ukubala;
n - project mali elide.
Le parameter sibonakalisa ukuba afezekiswa kakuhle kangakanani na imali zotyalo-mali. Ukuba ubukhulu NPV likhulu kune okanye ilingana zero, nto leyo ithetha ukuba kusilungele, ukuba iprojekthi zotyalo-mali. Kwimeko apho bonisa ixabiso net langoku lelikhabayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba sifeze ukubalwa umdla lwangaphakathi ukubona yimalini sihlawulelwe.
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