Ukusekwa kwe-US-eSoviet zokubonisana: neempawu, imbali kunye neziphumo

Emva kokuba Revolution of 1917 Melika zange ayamkele into yokuba urhulumente qumrhu. Ukusekwa ubudlelwane US-zeSoviet zokubonisana waqala ngenxa kubudlelwane zorhwebo, leyo kwasekwa 1930. A indima ebalulekileyo ukubuyisela intsebenziswano behlelo kubameli sekile zoshishino yaseMelika. Baba kakhulu abanomdla wokuqalisa amaqhina kwezoqoqosho.

Imbali unxulumano lobuchule phakathi kwe USSR (Russia) kunye USA

Ngowe-1933, 10 Oktobha, umongameli of America Franklin D. Roosevelt wathumela umyalezo M. esibizwa, ngubani ke ngoko intsika usihlalo CEC. Le ngxelo indulula ukubuyisela ubudlelwano nayo. Phakathi USSR kunye United States ngelo xesha kwakukho abathile iiyantlukwano ukuba macala mabini wafuna ukuzoyisa. Esibizwa wathi Roosevelt ngomhla we-17 Oktobha. Sele banikana amanqaku ezisemthethweni phakathi ku-Novemba 1933 Mxim Litvinov, ngubani noMkomishinala leMicimbi yangaPhandle, kwaye uMongameli of America. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa yenze unxulumano lobuchule phakathi kwe USSR kunye USA. Ibali yophuhliso yabo usaqala ibonisa kakhulu umoya lobuhlobo phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Njengoko lo nozakuzaku yokuqala eSoviet amisiweyo Aleksandra Troyanovskogo. Ngelo xesha yena kakuhle-owaziwayo yoluntu. Ukususela Isigidimi yokuqala Melika yaba Uilyam Bullit. kweminyaka emi-2 emva koko, ngo-1935, 13 Julayi Trade Agreement sasayinwa phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ngowe-1937, 4 Agasti, amazwe utyikitye isivumelwano ukubonelela enye indlela nganye ubuninzi ubabalo kwezoqoqosho.

angels

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic eSoviet Union kunye United States wavuma inxaxheba njengamalungu anti-uHitler womanyano. Phantse ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ukuhlasela, fascists US wagqiba ukubonelela ngenkxaso yoqoqosho eSoviet Union. Ngexesha ekulweni, America entengiso of uboleke-yokuqesha (ongumqashi). thethwano ezisesikweni kuncedo waqala ngasekupheleni Septemba 1941, Roosevelt wathumela Harriman (ummeli wakhe) eMoscow. October 1 protocol sasayinwa kwi izibonelelo eSoviet Union yokuqala iinyanga 49. $ 1 billion. Emva kweveki, Roosevelt iyakuvuma uxwebhu, njengoko apho uboleke-yokuqesha wanatyiselwa USSR. Ngo-Oktobha 1941, siye saqalisa zihanjiswe kuqala. Ekuqaleni June 1944 elwandle kunye nomoya nokubetha Anglo-American sakhutshelwa eNormandy. Ngaloo ndlela 'ukusekwa phambi yesibini. Ekupheleni kuka-Aprili 1945 isebe le-58 Guards. Elihamba Division of the 1st Ukrainian Front, kwaye elihamba Division 69th zemikhosi yamajoni US wadibana phezu komlambo. IElbe River kufuphi eTorgau. Ukusekwa yiSoviet-US zokubonisana akhethekileyo ekulungiseni imiba enxulumene ukwalathisa eqhuba amadabi, kwaye ehlabathini kwemfazwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, Second World War zenzeka phakathi iintloko iinkomfa ezintathu waseUSSR, i-USA ne-England (Novemba 1943 - Tehran, ngoFebruwari 1945 - Yalta, ngoJulayi-Agasti 1945 - Potsdam).

impi ebandayo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukusekwa ubudlelwane US-Soviet zokubonisana yayibalulekile ukuba mazwe omabini, emva kwemfazwe, ihlabathi kana zibe amacandelo eziphembelela iibhloko ezimbini kunye kolawulo ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Ixesha Cold War. Eli xesha yathatha phantse iminyaka engama-40. Ngeli xesha, NATO kunye Warsaw Pact (umbutho kwasekwa ngamazwe le-Warsaw Pact). unxulumano lobuchule phakathi kwe USSR kunye United States baye bafikelela ngxaki. Yaqalisa ukubangisana ngenxa amacandelo zempembelelo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekwandeni ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-qhinga isekwimo nganye. Iqale iingalo ugqatso. Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho omabini leeyunithi ayekwimeko wagxininisa kakhulu.

Cuban lobunzima Missile

Kucingwa lelona xesha kakhulu ukusuka kwixesha xa United States lamiswa neentlobano bezozakuzo kunye ne-USSR. nengxaki Caribbean kwavela ngo-Oktobha 1962. Ngelo xesha eSoviet Union ibeke Cuba imijukujelwa yayo weave. Yaba impendulo amanyathelo ezifanayo ngaphambili ezithathwe ngu Melika. US wamisa zikhali Italy ne Turkey. Ukongeza, Cuba waba phantsi Usongo lokuhlasela yi-US emkhosini. Ukuphendula, inkokheli eSoviet kwakhokelela wokulwa lokulungela yomkhosi. nengxaki Caribbean kuphela angazivi ukusekwa ngakumbi eSoviet-US zokubonisana, kodwa wadala ingozi yemfazwe yenyukliya. Noko ke, kukho indlela ndabhaqwa iinzame ezibambeneyo Nikity Hruscheva kunye Dzhona Kennedi. Le ntlekele iye yabangela neenkokeli amazwe baqaphele ukuba longquzulwano ithi kungakhokelela ngokufa lonke uluntu. Emva kokuba incopho, iMfazwe Yomlomo waqalisa ukwehla kancinci. Iinkokeli ezimbini baqala ukuthetha malunga umda zomkhosi yokwakha-up.

Ithuba détente kwezopolitiko

unxulumano lobuchule phakathi kwe USSR kunye West waqalisa kwakhona kancinci. Ekupheleni kuka-1960. izivumelwano ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ziye zasayinwa. Ngokukodwa, oko yamkela imemorandam kuqhagamshelwano ngqo yesicelo kunye House White (1963), isiVumelwano "Kwi ukuthintelwa iimvavanyo zenyukliya emajukujukwini, phezu komhlaba phantsi kwamanzi" (1963), "Xa imigaqo imisebenzi amazwe ukuhlola kunye nokusetyenziswa imizimba yasezulwini (kuquka iNyanga), isithuba "(1967)," kwi-Non-Proliferation izixhobo zenyukliya "(1968). Ngowe-1970. Emva kwiintlanganiso ezimbalwa. Ebudeni bala mazwe baye bamkela izibophelelo zokubonisana malunga nemiba imfazwe non-nuclear, ukuphucwa emthwalweni kwezixhobo zobuchule. Ngoko ke, ngo-1971, oko asayina isivumelwano phezu kweendlela zokunciphisa isisongelo imfazwe phakathi USSR kunye USA. Kunyaka olandelayo, urhulumente utyikitye isivumelwano ukunciphisa iinkqubo zokhuselo enomjukujelwa kunye seThutyana Document ye SALT-1. Ngowe-1974 yena asayina isivumelwano ngamanyathelo ekunciphiseni iimvavanyo ngaphantsi zenyukliya kunye SALT-2. NgoJulayi 1975 kwi-sikhokelo yenkqubo isithuba yezizwe ebekwe iziphekepheke "Soyuz" yaye "Apollo." Yaba isiganeko wokuqala omkhulu-isikali intsebenziswano eSoviet-American.

Jackson-Vanik izilungiso

Kuye kwamkelwa kunyaka omnye ngokutyikitya SALT-2 - ngo-1974. Amendment wayevela umthetho US "On Trade". Luquka umlomo kubonelelo imo ubabalweyo iikhredithi karhulumente ubuninzi kwaye liqinisekisa ukuba amazwe umda kakhulu okanye waphula amalungelo abemi kwamanye amazwe. Le ummiselo kuqala yaba eSoviet Union. ESoviet Union ngaloo minyaka, kwakukho ukulinganiselwa ukuba kwamanye amazwe kweli lizwe. Emva 1985, xa basiwa kwaye akukho ukuya kumhla, ulungiso iphelelwe intsingiselo yalo. Noko ke, ngokusemthethweni ayiyi irhoxisiwe.

Izohlwayo yokuqala

Kwazo ezi program yi eUnited States ngokuchasene yiSoviet Union ngokunxulumene kwintshayelelo imikhosi zibe Afghanistan ngo-1979, ulawulo American sele iphuhlisiwe, "Carter Imfundiso" (njengoko sisebenza ngexesha umongameli amagama). Wawuhlanganisa amanyathelo aliqela xi lwezopolitiko noqoqosho kwi eSoviet Union kunye nemisebenzi yalo kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Ngokukodwa, yafunyanwa korhwebo iinkozo USSR yehle exchange lobunzululwazi, Technical and Cultural. Ngowe-1980, uninzi lwamazwe angaphandle babamba-Olimpiki eMoscow.

2009

April 1, xa intloko yazo "amabini" eLondon yaba kwintlanganiso yokuqala lobuqu phakathi uMongameli nguDmitry Medvedev kunye nentloko United States Barack Obama. Iinkokheli banikana izimvo kwi-ajenda zamazwe ngamazwe amabini, kwakunye ishedyuli yomsebenzi kunye eziphambili intsebenziswano kwixesha elizayo. Ngu iziphumo kwentlanganiso Mongameli wenza ingxelo edibeneyo ye-sikhokelo ngokubanzi yonxulumano US-Russian kunye thethwano malunga ukwehliswa iingalo zobuchule ekhubekisayo.