Ukusonga wasezintabeni: ukwakha iimpawu. Mountain Alpine ukusonga

Alpine ukusonga - sexesha ezimbalini lokusekwa kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Kweli xesha kwasekwa inkqubo ntaba iphezulu ehlabathini - malayas. Yini ephawula kwexesha? Ziziphi ezinye iintaba zikhona Alpine ukusonga?

Usonge kolu qweqwe lomhlaba

Xa yokwakheka, igama elithi "goca" ihamba nje kude ixabiso layo lokuqala. Ibhekisela isabelo uqweqwe apho uhlobo "Ndayishwabanisa". Ngokuqhelekileyo hlobo kwenzeka ngokwemaleko tye. Phantsi yempembelelo kweenkqubo zangaphakathi komhlaba indawo yayo lutshintsha tshintshwe. Uyagoba okanye zixinaniswe nge idlulela kwiindawo ezikufutshane. Le meko ke yaziwa ngokuba ukusonga.

izakhiwo siphindwe lazo. Amaxesha ukubonakala kwazo nophuhliso ezibizwa ngokungqinelana kunye namathuba zejoloji. Omdala ke Archean. Wayethweswa ifomu iminyaka 1.6 billion eyadlulayo. Ukususela ngoko, iinkqubo ezininzi lwangaphandle umhlaba wayijika ibe ziintili.

Emva Archaean apho izimvu, Caledonian, Hercynian, Mesozoic orogeny. Eyona yakutsha ubekelwe Alpine ukusonga. Kwimbali lokusekwa umhlaba ngamandlakazi ukuba ithatha iminyaka yezigidi-60 edlulileyo. Igama xesha avakalisa kuqala komhlaba French Marcel Bertrand ngo-1886.

yokukhwabusha wasezintabeni: ixesha iimpawu

Esiqaphelekayo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe izihlandlo ezibini. Kulo wokuqala umsebenzi ngaphezulu komhlaba ubonakala deflections. Ngokuthe ngcembe, bazaliswa mlilo kunye neetyuwa. Ukuphakamisa neuron ayemancinane nabeengingqi kakhulu. Inqanaba lesibini kakhulu. iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo geodynamic negalelo ukuyilwa ezintabeni.

Alpine orogeny Bakha uninzi kweenkqubo ntaba inkulu mihla, eziyinxalenye yaseMeditera balisonge ibhanti kunye Pacific ring mlilo. Ngoko ke, lo yokukhwabusha kwenza iindawo ezinkulu kunye neentaba mlilo. Bayinxalenye ezintabeni mncinane zehlabathi kunye nemimandla ezahlukeneyo zemozulu kunye ezise.

Ixesha awukapheli, kwaye iintaba kuqhubeka kuveliswa namhlanje. Oku kungqinwa ziintshukumo zenyikima kwaye mlilo kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo Umhlaba. ummandla esongiweyo ayikho okuqinileyo. Lwamawa ngokufuthi uphazanyiswa emathambekeni (umzekelo, i-Fergana intlambo), ezinye zazo Obumbe ulwandle (Black, lweCaspian, lweMeditera).

zone Mediterranean

Ekwehleni Alpine yokusonga inkqubo ezivela ibhanti Alpine-zeHimalaya Wasolula kwicala latitudinal. Bawela phantse ngokupheleleyo Eurasia. Ukuqalisa e North Afrika, acandacanda lweMeditera, Black and lweCaspian kweelwandle, uManeki phesheya malayas ukuya kwiziqithi Indonesia kunye Indochina.

Mountain Alpine yokukhwabusha ziquka Apennines, Dinara, i Carpathians, Alps, akwiiBalkan, Atlas, neCaucasus, iBurma, zeHimalaya, Pamir, njalo njalo. D. Bonke bephela zizakubalulwa imilo kunye ukuphakama kwawo. Umzekelo, kwiiNtaba zeCarpath - high aphakathi, ukuba imile kakuhle. Bona zigqunywe ngamahlathi, kuyabanda kwaye sub-zasezintabeni izityalo. iintaba iCrimea, ngokuchaseneyo, emaweni kwaye unamatye. Zingasebenza ngaphezu ukuthenga utyani emathafeni kunye emathafeni.

Eliphezulu ntaba Uluhlu - malayas. Ba ngaphakathi kumazwe 7, kuquka eTibet. Mount Wasolula 2 400 km ngobude, kwaye ukuphakama kwawo umndilili ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezi-6. Ingongoma inkulu Mount Everest nge ekuphakameni kweekhilomitha 8848.

isangqa pacific lomlilo

ukusonga esiluhlaza kunye ezinxulumene lokusekwa Pacific ring umlilo. Oku kuquka lwamawa kunye misinga ukuba ezikufutshane nabo. Elise-mlilo wePasifiki Ring ongaphandle kwebala.

Iquka i ena, Kuril kunye Japanese Islands, kwiiPhilippines, Antarctica, New Zealand kunye Papua New Guinea kunxweme olusentshona. Kunxweme olusempuma yolwandle, iquka Andes Cordillera, i Aleutian Islands kunye Nqabakazi ka Tierra del Fuego.

Igama "isangqa lomlilo", le ndawo yenze iimina ngenxa yokuba kukho uninzi mlilo-langa. Malunga nama-330 kuzo ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezu koko ziqhume ngaphakathi ibhanti Pacific kwenzeka elona nani likhulu neenyikima.

Inxalenye umsesane yinkqubo intaba elide planethi - i Cordillera. Ukuwela amazwe 10 eMelika. Ubude kuluhlu esentabeni 18 ophosa.