Ukuqulunqwa kweeNkcazo

Ukulinganisa (umlinganiselo) - ubonakalisa ingcamango yefilosofi eyavuma ukucinga (ingqondo) njengomthombo wolwazi kunye nenqobo ye nyaniso yayo. Le mfundiso yathandwa kwikhulu le-17 leminyaka. Isiseko seembono zefilosofi, isithethe sakhe senziwa nguRene Descartes. Kwiingxoxo zakhe malunga neNdlela, ukucamngca kwi-Philosophy entsha, kunye neminye imisebenzi, ingxaki yokuthembeka kolwazi ixazululwe kwimida yolwazi ngokwalo kunye neemeko zayo zangaphakathi. Oku, ngokukodwa, eyaziwa ngo-Rene Descartes 'ingqinisiso kwi-bacon'sory of the fact.

Eyokuqala, ukuhlakulela ingcamango yakhe, ixela ukuba kukho imigaqo emine yolwazi: ukungathandabuzeki, ukulawula, uhlalutyo kunye nobungqina. Ukuqulunqwa kweeNkcenkceshi kwakha ukulungeleka kobukho beengqondo, ingcali yefilosofi yathi: "Ndicinga ukuba ke mna." Ubungqina bolu mbono, ngokombono wakhe, lubeka kwisigqibo sokucinga, sithembele kuyo. Ngelo xesha, uThixo ungumgcini-mgca wokuqonda kwehlabathi elidalweyo, kunye nokujoliswa kokuqondwa kwabantu.

Inkqubo yeengxabano, ekhokelela kwi-Descartes, ichaza imbono yokuba khona kweengcamango ezingenangqondo njengenye yezinto ezisemgangathweni ezinokwenziwa kwemilinganiselo. Izinto ezidaliweyo ziyaziwa kuphela ngokugxininisa engqondweni. Kule meko, zonke izinto ziqukethe izinto ezimbini, ezizimeleyo komnye nomnye nomzimba nomphefumlo. Ubume bomzimba abukho ngaphezu kweendlela. Ukuqiniswa kokusasazeka kwengqondo ngaphezu kweemvakalelo kunye neminqweno yomzimba ngumgaqo ophumayo wokukhangela iifomula ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Le ngongoma yokuba i-Descartes's rationalism ibeka kuye.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka okukhulu kweli hlabathi lembono yokuphuhliswa kwefilosofi nesayensi. Ukuqulunqwa kweeNgcaciso kungekudala nje kwanegalelo ekubunjweni kwemithetho nemigaqo emitsha, kodwa kwaqulunqa isiseko senzululwazi ezithile, ngokukodwa i-geometry yokuhlalutya, imathematika.

Ubunyaniseko obuphantsi kweengcamango zenze ukuba kube lula ukwenza iinguqulelo zombini. Ukucaciswa kweeNkcazo ezilungiselelwe inkcazo yehlabathi, ukuyiveza kwimifanekiso engabonakaliyo kunye nekiso. Isixhobo sehlabathi sithathwa ukuba sinokuyiqhawula (ukusebenzisa uhlalutyo) kwizinto eziza kuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo komnye kunye nokucaciswa kwemathematika ngokuchanekileyo. Kule ndlela ikhokelo yendlela yokwenza imathematika kwisayensi yesendalo.

Umntu onengqiqo onengqondo echithwayo neyengqondo angafumana ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa. Indlela echithwayo iyavumela kuphela ezo zizathu ezibonakalayo ukuba ingqondo icacile, ingqali-ayibangeli inyaniso naluphi na ukungathandabuzeki. Ukongezelela, ngaphakathi kwesi sikhokelo, ingxaki nganye enzima ixutywa kwiinguqulelo zengqungquthela ezivela kwaziwa kwaye zibonakaliswe ezingaziwayo kwaye zingavumelekanga, ngelixa zivunyelwe ukuba zingavunyelwe kwiinkcukacha zophando.

Ngexesha leNqabileyo, ifilosofi yanikezelwa kakhulu. Inzululwazi ibhekwa njengento ephakamileyo, kwaye inokwenzeka ukuba isisombululo sayo sisebenzise ukwanelisa iimfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo zoluntu kwanokuphakamisa ngakumbi iinkqubo zokucinga.

Ngaphantsi kwefuthe leemfundiso ze-Descartes, uBenedict Spinoza uchaza indlela yokusebenzisa i-geometric method. Iingcamango zakhe, wabonakalisa kumsebenzi othi "Ukuziphatha". Kulo msebenzi, inxalenye nganye iqalisa ngengcaciso ecacileyo nelula, ingcamango. Emva koko landela i-axiom, isitatimenti ngobungqina. Ekugqibeleni, ingxoxo yefilosofi inikwe.

I-Spinoza ikhethe amazinga amathathu okuqonda. Ookuqala-ophezulu - uthathwa ukuqonda inyaniso, intuitively visible, ngqo ngokuqiqa. Icandelo lesibini libandakanya ukuqiqa okufunekayo ubungqina. Inqanaba lesithathu, elingaphantsi, lisekwe kwindlela yokuqonda yehlabathi.