Ivan Mazepa - iqhawe lesizwe okanye ungumngcatshi. abonakale zembali

Ivan Mazepa - enye edume Hetman Cossack Ukraine. Kwimbali washiya uphawu kwezombangazwe, eyalwa ukuba ukuzimela imeko. Ngo-2009, e-Ukraine Order of Mazeppa yamiselwa, oko Ikhutshelwa ngempumelelo kwi bokuphathisana yesizwe, ukuphana kunye nokwakhiwa uluntu.

Nemvelaphi Ivan Mazepa

Mazepa Ivan Stepanovich wazalwa ngoMatshi 20, 1640, eminye imithombo babanga ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa kamva kwindawo ekude Kamenz, kamva igama Mazeppists, kufuphi White Church. Lo mntwana wayengunyana iindwalutho Ukrainian. unina lukalvan UMariya Magdalina yaba ohloniphekileyo, ofundileyo umfazi wakhe iimbono yezopolitiko. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, yena umcebisi nonyana. Iminyaka 13 yokugqibela yobomi bakhe kuMama Owayephethe le Kiev Caves Monastery.

Uyise Ivan Mazepa Stepan, uAdam waba hetman amrhawula Vygovskogo.

ukubunjwa

Ukususela ebuntwaneni Ivan Mazepa wafumana imfundo esemagqabini. Kwilifa bukayise, yena wafunda ekhwele kunye nemfuyo saber, bafunda izifundo zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo. Emva koko waba umfundi Kyïv-Mohyla Collegium. Umfundi wakhe abanomdla imisebenzi zobulumko zamaGrike namaRoma, idla uncwadi yaseYurophu, uthetha ngeelwimi eziliqela.

Emva kokuphumelela, uyise wathumela uIvan kwinkonzo amakhasi 'kukumkani Polish. Kwinkundla Ivan Mazepa kuziveza wabumba, yavelisa amagqabi eyahamba. Lowo wathunyelwa ukufumana imfundo engakumbi yunivesithi of Western Europe. Ebudeni beminyaka izifundo zakhe, waba ixesha kutyelela Italy, France, Germany neHolland.

Le hetman elizayo Ukrainian gqitha abantu nje. Kungekuphela nje amandla komphefumlo wakhe, kodwa blandishments kunye nomgangatho wangaphandle waye ikhadi lakhe ixilongo ngexesha i lift ileli.

Isimo Ukraine

Ivan Mazepa, ogama biography lizele ezingachanekanga kunye namhlanje, lifikile indlela ende ukuya phezulu umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII Cossack Ukraine akazange ezona amaxesha. Mazwe adla emithathu Hetman, ababekhokelwa amagunya ezahlukeneyo amazwe.

Peter Doroshenko waba unodoli umbusi Turkish, ngubani ebanqwenelela yakhe yezopolitiko kule ndawo.

Getman Samoylovich ebibanjelwe kwindawo pro-Russian.

Ivan Mazepa, ngokutsho kwezinye imithombo, wasikwa ecaweni evela enkundleni balwa co-nabasebenzi, kwelinye - unxibelelwano kunye pannoy otshatileyo. Kodwa nokuba kungade kube njalo, ukuze, ngo-1664 Jan Kazimierz wathumela umkhosi ukuya ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine, Mazepa wemka umzimba waya kwidolophana lakhe lokuzalwa kayise.

Ngowe-1665, emva kokufa kukayise, Ivan Mazepa wema endaweni yakhe waba epicalyx Chernigov.

Baphupha umsebenzi kwezopolitiko, utshata esisityebi umhlolokazi Anna Fridrikevich, leyo uyafa kungekudala kwaye eshiya kuye ithamsanqa enkulu kunye links luncedo. UYise Anna yobudoda Polovets ukuba ubhalo jikelele, inika ukusekelwa unyana wakhe, kwaye ilungiselela kule nkonzo ukuya hetman Doroshenko. Xa "Turkish" Hetman Mazepa bazithembe yaye nobuqili waba umkhosi captain yangasese kwaye kamva umabhalana.

Ngowe-1674 Doroshenko uthumela Mazepa kwi Krymskoe Hanstvo ne Turkey. Xa isipho Sultan adlulisele Cossack nevolnikov- washiya yebhanki. ECrimea, kuba waphula Ivan Sirko, kodwa ukumbulala, yaye sifaka Samoylovich. Layisha ukweyisela abantu, eminye imithombo bathi intetho lomlilo Mazepa bamsindisa.

Ivan Mazepa, ogama biography lizele amagophe enkulu wekamva, waba ukukhangela emva koonyana ekhohlo Bank Hetman, yaye kamva ngenxa yenkonzo onyanisekileyo wamiselwa esaul. Samoylovich wayedla wathumela Mazepa eRashiya, apho waphumelela khona ukuzithandisa ozithandayo ukumkani, Prince Golitsyn.

hetman

NgoJulayi 1687 Mazeppa, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba labathengi zayo wonyulwa hetman of Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine, kunye engaphambili Samoylovich kunye nosapho kunye layo wathunyelwa eSiberia.

Eminye imithombo bathi Mazepa anyotywa Golitsyn uncedo, abanye aphikise oko.

Noko ke, ngo-1689, xa itrone Russian uPetros oselula, phakathi kwezinto ezimbini saqalisa ngumhlobo osenyongweni. Abanamava Hetman wanikela icebiso oselula kobuKhulu nkqubo uzilawula kunye Poland.

Ngelo xesha, Ukraine kwakukho isiyaluyalu. Ngowe-1690, i mvukelo waqala Petrik. Mazepa, ukuthembela umkhosi yabo kunye noncedo uPetros, waphathwa livunyelwe yona. Abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe babekholelwa ukuba Ivan Mazepa, imbali iBhodi leyo anegazi kakhulu, kunye nolutsha zange kwahluka ukunyaniseka kunye nokuzinikela. abaphila ebizwa ezi mpawu ingqiqo kwezopolitiko.

Umfelandawonye XII

Yiba ukuba kunjalo, i- Great Northern War, eyathatha eRashiya iminyaka 21 ekhohlo Bank Hetman zidudulelwe umfelandawonye nokumkani Swedish.

Ngowe-1706, emva kokuba Russian Wasala yedwa nokumkani yaseSweden, Mazepa wamitha ukuzimela Little Russia. Peter mna ukuthiywa utshintsho nelinye hetman Cossack beza rhoqo, kodwa bakholelwa wayengafuni.

Ngowe-1708, Mazepa uIvan Stepanovich wala ukuba yinxalenye umkhosi wokumkani, yaye kunye yinxalenye encinane Cossacks, amagosa ubukhulu becala, waya Charles.

UPetros ke waba nomsindo kunene, kuba ukholelwa Mazepa nje kuphela ally owayamileyo kodwa umhlobo.

Ngowe-1709 Mazepa ukungcatshwa ukumkani yakhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi.