Ukutshintsha izibonda komhlaba: rhoqo, imiphumo. esizayo Earth

iplanethi yethu kukho mhlaba otsalayo anokuthi waqaphela, umzekelo, usebenzisa ikhampasi. Oku ikakhulu ziveliswa a core ashushu kakhulu etyhidiweyo planethi kwaye mhlawumbi ukuba ixesha elininzi ubukho komhlaba. Field i dipole, t. E. It has a ngasentla kunye emazantsi ngemagnethi. Basimisela inaliti eyayiza kwalatha ngqo ezantsi okanye phezulu, ngokulandelelana. Kubonakala ngathi kukho entsimini nemagnethi kwi efrijini. Noko ke, intsimi geomagnetic le Umhlaba liphantsi kakhulu utshintsho ezincinane eyenza lo mzekeliso yangoonomgogwana bezizwe. Enoba kunjalo, singatsho ukuba ngoku kukho imiqobo emibini, waphawula phezu komhlaba emhlabeni, omnye kumntla ikhweyitha yaye omnye emzantsi.

Geomagnetic inversion endle yinkqubo apho kwipali magnethi South iguqulelwa kwi ngasentla, kwaye, yena, iba ngasezantsi. Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba lo mhlaba otsalayo ngamanye amaxesha phantsi excursions, kunokuba liguqulwe. Kulo mzekelo, oko liphantsi ukwehla esikhulu amandla ogcweleyo, oko kukuthi, amandla okwenza inaliti. Ebudeni uhambo endle akuthethi ukutshintsha indlela yayo, kwaye ezibuyiselwe ezichaseneyo, oko kukuthi, ngasentla na angasentla nangasezantsi-nomzantsi.

kangaphi utshintsha izibonda Yomhlaba?

Njengoko ingxelo zejoloji, lo mhlaba otsalayo iplanethi yethu zatshintsha amaxesha ayo wokwephuka amaninzi. Oku kunokubonwa kwi iipatheni ezifumaneka mlilo, ingakumbi itsalwa emgangathweni wolwandle. Kule minyaka izizigidi 10 edlulileyo kwi-avareji kwenzeka 4 okanye amathuba 5 kwiminyaka kwesigidi. Maxa wambi, imbali iplanethi yethu, umzekelo, ngexesha Cretaceous, kwakukho ixesha elide zotshintsho leepali komhlaba. Yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuqikelela, yaye hayi rhoqo. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ukuthetha kuphela malunga avareji inversion lekhefu.

Ngaba Imagnethi yomhlaba kwenzeka kwixesha langoku? njani khangela na?

Le yimilinganiselo iimpawu geomagnetic emhlabeni zethu ngaphezulu okanye rhoqo ngaphantsi ukususela 1840. Ezinye imilinganiselo basenokude asusela XVI kwinkulungwane, umzekelo, ngo-Greenwich (London). Ukuba ukhangela isimo magnetic utshintsho amandla asendle phezu kweli xesha, sinokubona ukwehla yayo. Phambili kwixesha projektha data unika a zero mzuzu dipole phantse ngowama-1500-1600 kwiminyaka. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba umhlaba ube nisaqala inversion. Ukususela neembiza zomdongwe yamandulo kwizifundo magnetization kwezimbiwa eyaziwayo ukuba kumaxesha yamaRoma ukuba izihlandlo ezibini womelele ngakumbi ke ngoku.

Noko ke, amandla yangoku asendle ayikho ndidimazekile ngokubhekiselele uluhlu lwamaxabiso yayo kule minyaka-50 000 idlulileyo, kwaye ukusuka mzuzu xa utshintsho kakhulu yakutshanje nezibonda komhlaba, kwadlula phantse 800 000. Ukongeza, kuthathelwa ingqalelo into eyayithethwa ngaphambili malunga ukhenketho, esazi malunga neempawu imifuziselo zezibalo akucaci nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uthekelelo lwento enjalo idata baphawula iminyaka 1500.

Indlela fast ke inversion zezibonda?

Imbali elipheleleyo ithuba ubuncinane omnye ilahlekile, ukuze zonke iingxelo ezinokwenziwa ikakhulu ngokusekelwe imifuziselo yemathematika yaye ngokuyinxenye kwi ubungqina limited ezifunyenwe kwamatye kubona lo yamanyala lo mhlaba otsalayo yamandulo ukususela kwixesha nokudaleka. Umzekelo, uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba utshintsho lilonke zezibonda komhlaba ingathatha ukususela kwenye ukuya kwiminyaka amawaka. Yinto fast ngokwemiqathango zejoloji, kodwa ngokucothayo isikali ubomi bomntu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha ithuba? Into esiyibonayo kumphezulu komhlaba?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kufuneka iinkcukacha ezimbalwa malunga iipateni lotshintsho yasendle womlinganiselo nokwakheka ngexesha inversion. Ngokusekelwe yemifanekiso, eyenzelwe anamandla, omnye Sinokulindela ukuba isakhiwo kakhulu ngakumbi ezimbaxa phezu komhlaba emhlabeni, apho kungekho emazantsi enye ipali enye ngasentla ngemagnethi. Umhlaba ulindele "uhambo" lwabo ukusuka kwindawo yayo yemali-ikhweyitha, kwaye ngaye. Isambuku amandla intsimi naphi na ehlabathini ungenza akukho ngaphezu kwesinye-seshumi ixabiso layo ngalo mzuzu.

Ingozi ku navigation

Ngaphandle Imagnethi ubugcisa bale mihla iya kuba semngciphekweni omkhulu sesichengeni izaqhwithi elanga. Abasengozini ke Hewana. Abayi zenzelwe ukumelana iinkqwithela elanga xa kungekho mhlaba otsalayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba GPS satellites uya kuyeka ukusebenza, ngoko yonke inqwelo-moya eza kulinywa emhlabeni.

Kakade ke, ngekompas moya ukuba nje yogcino, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo abayi kuba oluchanekileyo ngexesha kwipali shift ngemagnethi. Ngoko ke, nkqu kakhulu kakuhle GPS satellites wanele nomhlaba moya - kungenjalo usenokungawaboni yokukhangela labo ngexesha esemoyeni.

INkundla baya kujongana neengxaki ezifanayo.

ozone

Kulindeleke ukuba ngexesha inversion lo mhlaba otsalayo le Umhlaba ozone liyalahleka ngokupheleleyo (kwaye agqabhuke emva koko). Large isivunguvungu elanga ngexesha ukujika kunokubangela zokuncipha ozone. Inani womhlaza wolusu ukwandisa 3 esibayeni. Impembelelo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo kunzima ukuqikelela, kodwa kwakhona yingozi.

Utshintsho zezibonda kazibuthe Umhlaba: Iziphumo zolu tshintsho amandla

Kolunye uhlolisiso izaqhwithi ezinkulu solar zaye zachongwa mhlawumbi unobangela inversion polar. Kwenye - ngumtyholwa kwesi siganeko iya kuba kwamaqondo obushushu, kodwa kusenokuba ngenxa yokwanda umsebenzi elanga. Xa ukhuselo umva lo mhlaba otsalayo aziyi, yaye xa kukho uqhwithela solar, le meko ziya kugxagxiseka ngakumbi. Ubomi emhlabeni yethu akunakuchatshazelwa xa iyonke, kwaye uluntu ukuba komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni ubuchwepheshe, kuya kubakho ukuze. Kodwa ikamva Umhlaba uza kubandezeleka kanobom ukuba ukuguqulwa zenzeke ngokukhawuleza. uthungelwano lombane liyayeka ukusebenza (ukuba ukuvimbela kubo enkulu uqhwithela solar, kwaye inversion iya kuchaphazela okuninzi). Xa engekho yombane iza kuba amanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo, izitishi igesi bayeke ukusebenza, ayeke ukutya. Ukusebenza iinkonzo likaxakeka liya kubizwa ibe umbuzo, kwaye abayi kuba nako ukuchaphazela into. Bathi ukubulala izigidi zezigidi ziya nazo iingxaki ezinkulu. Kuphela abo Pre-yafakwa ukutya kunye namanzi, uya kuba nako ukumelana nale meko.

ingozi radiation cosmic

intsimi yethu geomagnetic unoxanduva ekuvaleni abamalunga nama-50% semitha emkhathini. Ngoko ke, xa kungekho bamanqanaba kabini radiation cosmic. Nangona oku kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni yemfuza, iziphumo olubulala oku kuba. Kwelinye icala, omnye isizathu esinokuba kukuba poleshift ukwandisa umsebenzi elanga. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni kwenani amasuntswana ebizwayo ukufikelela emhlabeni. Kulo mzekelo, ikamva bomhlaba baya kufumana ingozi enkulu.

Nokuba ukuqhubeka ubomi emhlabeni?

kwiintlekele zemvelo, nezibangelwa cishe. Intsimi geomagnetic kukuba kummandla indawo ebizwa magnetosphere akhiwa nomoya welanga. Le magnetosphere deflects asingabo bonke amasuntswana eziphakamileyo-eneji ezithi ezintweni iLanga kunye nomoya welanga kunye neminye imithombo kwi Galaxy. Ngamanye amaxesha, inkwenkwezi wethu uye ngakumbi esebenzayo, umzekelo, xa kukho ezininzi i amabala, yaye ukuthumela ilifu amasuntswana kwicala komhlaba. Ngexesha lezi amadangatye elanga kunye ejections nobunzima coronal, oosomajukujuku xa Earth emzileni low, kusenokufuneka usikhusele ukuphepha ngeedosi eziphezulu radiation. Ngoko ke siyayazi ukuba lo mhlaba otsalayo iplanethi yethu ibonelela kuphela ukhuseleko buso, kunokuba ngokupheleleyo kwimitha cosmic. Ngaphezu koko, amasuntswana aphezulu-amandla kukhawuleziswa nkqu magnetosphere.

Phezu kwamanzi Umoya ojikeleze umhlaba lisebenza njenge umaleko ezongezelelweyo yokhuselo, ukuyeka yonke kodwa radiation kakhulu esebenzayo elanga kunye esembindini. Xa kungekho magnetic umoya yasendle iya kuqhubeka ukufunxa uninzi kwimitha. esingxotyeni Air uyasikhusela ngempumelelo kangangoko maleko eziphathekayo m 4 zamafu.

ngaphandle imiphumela

abantu kunye nooyise babo baphila Emhlabeni kwizigidi zeminyaka apho kwakukho eninzi inversions, yaye akukho ukungqinelana kweenkcukacha ocacileyo phakathi kwabo kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Ngokufanayo, ixesha ukubuyisela na ngamathuba wokutshabalala kweentlobo idibana, njengoko oko kungqinwa imbali neznye.

Ezinye izilwanyana, ezifana amahobe neminenga basebenzisa intsimi geomagnetic ofuna ukulisebenzisa. Sazigqibela ukuba ukuguqulwa ithatha amawaka aliqela eminyaka, okt wexesha izizukulwana ezininzi kweentlobo nganye, ngoko ezi zilwanyana enokumelana kakuhle le meko Imagnethi okanye ukuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela navigation.

Okunye incazelo technical

Umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo ke engamanzi Umbindi yentsimbi-abatyebileyo behlabathi. Iqhuba iintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo ezibangelwa bubushushu පිළිතුරු iimpendulo ngaphakathi ngumongo kunye ukujikeleza umhlaba. motion fluid kuyaqhubeka kwaye asizange siyeke, nkqu ngexesha sakujika. Kunokuba uyeke kuphela emva kokuba nokudinwa umthombo wamandla. Ubushushu iveliswa ngokuyinxenye ngenxa kwaguquka ulwelo obuciko eqinileyo zilahlwe embindini Yomhlaba. Le inkqubo ke ithabatha indawo ngokuqhubekayo kangangamawaka ezigidi zeminyaka. Xa nakumphezulu ngumongo leyo ifumaneka kwi-3000 km ngaphantsi komhlaba phantsi ingubo elulwalwa, kulwelo unako ukuhamba ngesantya kwamashumi km kwicala tye ngonyaka ngamnye. kwayo yonke imigca amandla ezikhoyo ukuvelisa imisinga yombane, yaye, bona, ukujikelezisa intsimi ngemagnethi. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba advection. Ukuze ukulungelelanisa ukukhula asendle, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukuzinzisa r. N. "Geodynamo" kufuneka nokuhanjiswa apho "ukuvuza" entsimini ngumongo nentshabalalo yayo. Ekugqibeleni, lo flow ulwelo kudala umfanekiso enzima lo mhlaba otsalayo kumphezulu koMhlaba kunye utshintsho yokuntsonkotha kwexesha.

izibalo computer

Geodynamo midlalo kwi computer iye yabonisa ukuntsonkotha endle kunye nokuziphatha yayo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ukubala kubonisa inversion of wokwephuka, xa kukho utshintsho nezibonda komhlaba. Kule midlalo umkhosi dipole oyinhloko buthathaka kwi-10% yabo yesiqhelo (kodwa hayi ukugxila), kunye nezibonda ekhoyo kuleli kwihlabathi jikelele kubanjiswene namanye ixesha emantla kunye nezibonda nangasezantsi.

A eqinileyo intsimbi core engaphakathi iplanethi yethu kwezi modeli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni inkqubo kubuyekezwe. Ngenxa wo eqinileyo, oko Awukwazi ukudala ngemagnethi advection entsimini, kodwa nayiphi intsimi leyo efunyenwe engamanzi core engaphandle nga nkumba okanye ukusasaza kungena embindini. Advection kwi core engaphandle, kubonakala ngathi, rhoqo uzama ku gqiba nge. Kodwa ngoxa endle ivalelwe umbilini ongaphakathi, okokuqala, oko kuyenye yeendlela, utshintsho yokwenene izibonda komhlaba ngemagnethi akuyi kwenzeka. Ngenxa yoko, umongo engaphakathi, umelene Kunikwa naziphi amasimi "omtsha", yaye mhlawumbi kuphela mnye kwabalishumi amalinge enjalo lolo ngempumelelo.

okungahambi magnetic

Kufuneka igxininiswe into yokuba, nangona ezi ziphumo kumnandi ngokwawo, ayaziwa ukuba kunganxulunyaniswa kwihlabathi lokwenene. Noko ke, simele sibe imodeli yemathematika lo mhlaba otsalayo iplanethi yethu kule minyaka 400 idlulileyo, kunye data lokuqala esekelwe kwi kugcinwa oomatiloshe nomi weenqanawa. Kwizigqibo ezenziwe kubume lwangaphakathi jikelele ibonisa ukwanda phezu kwimimandla sokuphuma ixesha kumda engundoqo kunye yokwaleka. Kwezi ngongoma inaliti yekhampasi ibonakaliswa, xa kuthelekiswa kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo, kwelinye icala - ngaphakathi okanye core. Ezi sites kunye kwemali umva kwi emazantsi Atlantic Ocean kwindawo yokuqala linoxanduva buthathaka yentsimi engundoqo. Kwakhona uxanduva ombane ubuncinane, ngokuba anomaly eBrazil owahluke ngokwemvelo, iziko yayo ibekwe phantsi Umzantsi Melika. Kulo mmandla, amasuntswana kunye amandla aphezulu bangaya ukhawulelane Umhlaba, ebangela ungcipheko nangakumbi radiation kwiisatellite e Earth orbit eliphantsi.

Kukho kusekuninzi ekusafuneka kwenziwe ukuze ukuqonda ngcono iimpawu ngesakhiwo ngokunzulu iplanethi yethu. It is a kwihlabathi apho uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ezifanayo kumphezulu kwelanga, nokuqonda kwethu lwezenzululwazi kwi umda wayo.