Ukuveliswa ulwelo for e-imidiza njengeshishini. Zizizwe ugwayi electronic imveliso Russian

Ngoku ubomi neencasa ukutya kakhulu kusetyenziswa. Ngokufuthi, ukuba busetyenziswa ekutyeni efana isonka, sausage, itshizi kunye namasi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko xa ntlobo zifumaneka kumashishini non-ukutya (umzekelo, kwishishini lweemoto), iikhemikhali zasekhaya, izinto zokuthambisa (ishampu, izithambiso okanye intlama). Yini na ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, siye saqalisa sithetha flavour? Emva kokuba zonke ezi amacandelo njengoko ezingundoqo usebenzisa imveliso ulwelo ugwayi elektroniki.

ezona zinto zibalulekileyo

Eyona ezona zinto ziquka kulwelo electronic icuba Russian nokuveliswa - propylene ethers, legliserina, Yek amanzi, ukutya izinongo nicotine.

Zonke ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu zombini ekutyeni kwaye kwishishini umthengi. Makhe ihlale phezu kwabanye babo.

Propylene ethers yeyona nto enemibala ulwelo, viscous kunye kunokuba ababuthathaka, ivumba phantse imperceptible kunye ngolangazelelo. Ngenxa yoko, izifundo zenzululwazi aye abonisa ukuba umchiza yi non-ziyityhefu kwaye ukusezela ithuba wakhe ngaphakathi akubangeli ityhefu. propilenlikol kushishino Ukutya isebenzisa njenge humectant, emollient kunye arhente wasasazeka.

Glycerin kwakhona xa besitya, nto leyo kuvumelekile kwamanye amazwe. Eli candelo kungaquka iqela somfanekiso. It has ukuba ipropati ukugcina nokwandisa iqondo viscosity iimveliso zokutya ezahlukeneyo.

Ishishini ukutya sele elifumanelwe ukusetyenziswa njengoko emulsifier, besebenzisa apho kunokwenzeka ukuxuba izinto ezahlukeneyo. Glycerol waba zonke iintlobo zophando, iziphumo eyabonakala balo yayo ebantwini.

Ukuveliswa ulwelo ugwayi elektroniki abakwazi phelisa ngamanzi enkolo. Kufuneka ayiqulathanga naluphi na ukungcola.

Ukuveliswa ulwelo for e-imidiza njengeshishini

Inkqubo imveliso ixhomekeke kuhlobo yayo. Le sulfation, desulfation kunye ekstranirovanie. Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation zizinto ezikhoyo ezininzi zoqoqosho kunye umsebenzi ingqalelo. Noko ke, sele kubhalwe iinkampani ezininzi usebenzisa iintlobo zasemzini wenza ukuvelisa ulwelo ugwayi ngekhompyutha (St. Petersburg, umzekelo).

Kuba nokuveliswa ulwelo abanjalo becala kusetyenziswa amacandelo umgangatho isiJamani ngezinga eliphezulu lawo lokuhlambulula. Kwezi amashishini zasekhaya, ukongeza kwimveliso ngokwayo, kwaye ilabhoratri evumela ukuba ngempumelelo yaye ngokukhawuleza ukukhawulelana nezidingo zemakethi Russian ezikhulayo. Siqhubeka sisebenzela nokwandisa iindidi kunye nokukhethwa amacandelo isongo kakhulu abanamathele ukutshaya elektroniki.

sulfation

Indlela yokuqala evumela ukuba imveliso ulwelo ugwayi ezizstyenziswa ngekhompyutha, yinto sulphation. Kulo mzekelo, i icuba elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo ukuba aphathwe sulphuric acid. sulphate Further nicotine songanyibilikisswa emanzini, lokucoca kwaye komphunga ukuya yoxinaniso elithile isisombululo ifumile (40%). Ngaphandle kokuba olu hlobo imveliso yenza kube lula ukufumana siphelile ngaphezu imveliso ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye indlela (oku kuchaza ngendleko ephantsi), oko esibonakala ungcoliseko. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwelo electronic icuba esenziwe ivumela kukufumana uhlobo izinto eziphilayo ethi "zalaba" sulphuric acid.

gesi

Le ndlela yesibini, nto leyo kokupheliswa ilandelwa yi omiswe ngumkhenkce. imveliso kuba icuba electronic eRashiya ezinjalo ulwelo ikhutshwa phandle usebenzisa propylene ethers kunye glycerol kunye nezinye alkoholi polyhydric ukuba songanyibilikisswa emanzini kwaye kwisithuba kwehlisa ugwayi. Kulo mzekelo, inicotine uveliswa madlavu icuba. Kufuneka itshiswe ngokusondele kwi-oveni kunye glycerol okanye propylene ethers. Isisombululo yahlaliswa ecociweyo kwaye idibanisa ngamanzi. Ngoko ke kufuneka zibe isisombululo zolwelo ezinomthamo kwenicotine kunye glycerin.

Noko ke, le isisombululo kulwelo lokuvelisa umdiza electronic ayikho ngendlela esulungekileyo, njengoko kusenokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Oku kuboniswa kokuqulathwe ngaphezu kwe-2.5% ye-nicotine kwi ngumphunga umphunga wamanzi, ukuze nkqu Ukuphefumla ezimbalwa yale umphunga kungabangela ukufa ngamnye.

Ukwenza isisombululo enjalo ezifanele ukusetyenziswa, kufuneka freezout nicotine. Kuphela ngale ndlela kulwelo imveliso icuba ngekhompyutha (yoshishino) ivumela ukuba bafumane isisombululo equlathe 0.5% yamanzi kunye 99,5% ugwayi. Ixabiso Iindleko olu hlobo ugwayi eliphezulu kwaye kuthetha ukuba malunga US $ 350 ikilogram.

desulfation

Ngenxa ukusebenza phantsi zokuvelisa nicotine kwinkqubo kokupheliswa i wafumana indlela ngokubanzi edityanisiweyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "desulphation". ifilim leyo ibandakanya utsalo kwenicotine ukusuka madlavu zecuba ngokusebenzisa glycerol, kwaye isisombululo sele ifunyenwe yi sulfation. Practice lubonise ukuba 1 iihektare icuba nga kuveliswa indlela dutywa malunga 180 kg kwenicotine, waza ke omnye, inani elifanayo kufunxwa ngokusebenzisa indlela desulfation.

Uthelekiso yemveliso

Ukuthelekisa kungentla iintlobo zemveliso, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba umgangatho uphezulu kwenicotine afunyenwe indlela gesi. Kulo mzekelo, eli candelo esebenzayo iqulathe isixa amancinane ubumdaka, okuyinto Ilungiselelwe ngexesha imveliso impembelelo kwe-sulphuric acid.

Noko ke, abalimi kufuneka sisebenze kumgangatho inicotine, ekubeni kwi nezokukhupha oxwebhu icuba eziqulethwe isixa esikhulu icuba alkaloid, ibhujiswe abatshabalalise cholinesterase ebantwini nicotine. Ngamanye amazwi, kunye loo yokufakwa inicotine imizuzu engama-30 oko kutshatyalaliswa ngesiqingatha, ebangela umnqweno nditshaye kwakhona. Ngelo sezakhi ezifanayo umzimba luyatshatyalaliswa ize ingabonakaliswa kakhulu ngakumbi kancinci, nto leyo xi nge break nganye.

isiphelo

UPawulos umbandela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukutshaya isigarethe elektroniki na imveliso engenye omangalisayo ukutshaya yesiqhelo. Ngoko ke, imveliso zizizwe kunezixhobo ezinjalo elektroniki kakhulu ishishini ngempumelelo.