Ukuxothwa kwiCawa njengeNkqubo yokuPhepha

Ukuxotshwa kwesohlwayo ngokwenkolo yendabuko esetyenziswe ebuKristwini kwaye isebenza kubantu abangonakalisa igunya labo le-ecclesial ngokuziphatha kwabo okanye zabo iinkolelo. Nangona kukho ubungqina bokuthi amanyathelo athatyathwa kubaxuki kunye nabaphulaphuli ebuYuda nakwiidemon zamaqaba (umzekelo, phakathi kwamaCelt asekudala). Okwangoku, ikhona kwindlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-partial, ukuxinwa kwezinto ezincinci (ukuthintela) kunye ne-anathema. Iyokuqala kwezi zilinganiso zesikhashana, kwaye okwesibini kuqhutyelwa ixesha elide lize liphinde liphinde liguquke.

Kungatsholwa ukuba intsingiselo yalo mqathango woluhlwayo ubuyela kumaKristu okuqala. Ekubeni intsingiselo yesiGrike yelizwi elithi "icawa" lithetha "ibandla" okanye uluntu lwamaKristu, ngoko umntu oye wajoyina le qela labantu ("ecclesia") kwaye wenza izithembiso ezithile, wawaphula, wawabambelela nayiphi na inxibelelwano nabo.

Ukongeza, "Ukutya" ngaloo mihla kwadibaniswa nesidlo sokubonga esihlangeneyo, esasigcinwe kwimemori yeSidlo Sokugqibela. Ngako oko, ukuxothwa kwecawa kwavela njengecala lolwa netyala lokunxibelelana nabazalwana ukuguquka.

Nangona kunjalo, kamva ukubaluleka kwesi sihlwayo senkolo kuye kwavela utshintsho olubi kakhulu, kwaze kwaba yinto yokukhusela, kuquka nezopolitiko. Okokuqala, kwandiswa kubantu abaneenkolelo ezazininzi okanye ezahluke kakhulu kwezo zininzi, nangaphezulu kwayo yonke iqela lamandla. Abantu abanjalo babizwa ngokuba ngabaphikisayo. Kwaye kwakunjalo ukuxothwa ecaweni njengesigqibo esenziwa ikakhulukazi eNtshona Yurophu, xa kwidolophu okanye kwidolophana eyahlwaywa, ayizange ibhaptize, isithsaba okanye ingcwatyelwa emangcwabeni.

Ngaphezu koko, kwii-XII-XIII iinkulungwane ezifana nokujeziswa okunjengokwenkolo kuye kwaba ngokuzenzekelayo Iziphumo kunye noxanduva lomthetho. Ukuxothwa ecaweni - ukuxoshwa kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba "ngabantu abangamaKristu", kukhokelela ekubeni umntu ohluphekileyo unokubulawa okanye ukuphangwa, kwaye akukho mntu unokumnceda. I-anathema yomntu ongaphendukiyo onokholo kunye nolwimi lwe-Inquisition lithetha ukuba wanikezelwa kumagunya olawulo "ukuba enze isigwebo esifanelekileyo" - ngenxa yesigwebo sokufa kwisibonda.

KwiCawa leOthodoki, esi sihlwayo sasisoloko siphazamiseka. Ngokukodwa, umntu okhutshiwe Unokungcwatywa ngokwemiqathango yobuKristu. Umzekelo omangalisayo weli bali ibali elinombhali obalaseleyo njengoLeo Tolstoy. Ukuxothwa "kwesohlwayo" sokugxeka ama-Orthodoxy kunye nokubambelela kwiimbono zakhe zobuKristu, ngokukodwa, kwi-dogmatism kunye nemikhuba, kuye kwabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu. Umfazi wakhe, ekubeni ngumKristu wama-Orthodox ogcina umthetho, wabhala incwadi enomsindo kwi- Synod Engcwele.

Ngokufanayo, kungekhona nje kuphela abantu abasemhlabeni okanye abatsha abaguqukayo, kodwa izazi zefilosofi zenkolo, kunye nomcebisi wezomthetho woMlawuli uNichollas II, obizwa ngokuba yiSinood "ubuwula", waphendula ngendlela efanayo. Ekuxothweni kukaTolstoy waseCawe, umbhali ngokwakhe waphendula ngetekisi, apho waqaphela ukuba lo mqulu wawungekho mthethweni, awuhlanganisi ngokwemiqathango, kwaye wakhuthaza abanye abantu ukuba benze izinto ezimbi. Kwakhona wathi yena ngokwakhe akafuni ukuba ngumntu woluntu, iimfundiso zakhe ezibuxoki kunye nokulimaza, ukufihla okoqobo kobuKristu.