Ukwelashwa kwamayeza omhlaza wesifo somhlaza: isiphumo kunye nokusebenza

Isi sifo asinikanga mntu, umhlaza ngumnye wezona zibi kakhulu. Ukuba awuya kudokotela ngexesha, unokuba neengxaki ezinkulu. Emva koko amayeza awakwazi ukuhanjiswa ngawo. Siza kufuneka siphumelele kwizenzo zokukhawuleza, ezibandakanya unyango lwe-radiation. Ngomdlavuza wesibeletho, imiphumo yakhe ayilungeleki. Siza kuthetha ngoku ngoku, kodwa kuqala ...

Ziyintoni unyango lwe-radiation?

Le yonyango efanelekileyo kunye nefanelekileyo ye-pathologies ye-oncological, equka umhlaza wesibeletho. Isekelwe kwimisebe ye-ionizing, yenza ngenjongo, intshabalalisa iiseli ezigulayo kuphela, iiseli ezinempilo azibonakalwanga kuyo.

Inkqubo yesenzo:

• I-rayation ye-ions ijoliswe apho iilayomlethi ezinamanzi kunye neeseli zesisu.
• Emva kokuba intsimbi ibetha, i-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-radicals yamahhala zivela kuzo.
• Iimveliso zithole ibhloko lomsebenzi weeseli ezigulayo, ukukhula nokuveliswa kwazo.

Unyango lomhlaza wesifo seprotate kunye neyeza zonyango lu sekelwe kwinto yokuba imisebenzi ye-radicals ne-hydrogen peroxide incike kwi-metabolism. Okuphakamileyo kukuba, i-tumor iyondla ngokunyanisekileyo, leyo leyo, ekhokelela ekunyuseni kwimiphumo emibi yomswakama kuyo.

Le ndlela yokonyango isetyenziswe kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni umonakalo wombutho kunye nokusabalaliswa kwezidalwa ze-metastases. Ukongezelela, unyango lwe-radiation lisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo emva kokususwa komhlaza wesifo seprotate njenge-agent ekhuselekileyo neyonyango.

Izaziso ezijoliswe kumaseli omhlaza zihlukaniswe zibe zimbini iintlobo:

• I-Wave - esekelwe kwimitha ye-gamma kunye ne-X ray;
• Indlela yokwenza ipropysiyithi yonyango lweproton, equka: i-electron rayation, i-alpha kunye ne-beta, i-neutron kunye ne-proton.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuphazamisa unyango lwe-radiation kwi-tumor ebulalayo:

• Kude;
• Uqhagamshelwano;
• Phakathi.

Iintlobo zenkqubo

Njengamanje, ezininzi iintlobo zonyango lwe-radiation yomhlaza wesibeletho, imiphumo kunye nokuphumelela kwonyango kuxhomekeka kwimeko yesifo:

1. Ukuvumelana. Ifanelekileyo xa kwenzeka ukuba kukho isidingo sokugqitywa okupheleleyo kunye nokufanisana nesifo esiyingozi esibangela isifo. Umfanekiso we-3D wokwakheka uyadalwa. Oku kuqwalasela zonke izicubu kunye nezitho ezikufuphi. Izaziso zithintela kuphela iiseli zomhlaza, izitho ezingaphazamiseki kunye nezicubu zihlala zingasebenzi.
2. Ngomlinganiselo ophantsi. I-ray eya kwi-tumor ihlukaniswe ngamancinci amancinane. Amandla nganye kwi-radial fluxes ihlelwe. Kule nkalo, indawo eziphilileyo zeprotate zifumana umthamo omncinci wemizi, ngelixa iiseli ze-pathogenic ziyintloko.
3. Proton. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba le ndlela iphumelele kumdlavuza wesibeletho. Iiprotoni zichaphazela kuphela iiseli ezigulayo, kodwa kungekho nazo zonke iifom zomhlaza le nkqubo inqunywe.
4. Neutron. Isetyenziswe kwimeko apho ezinye iindlela azizange zancede.

Ukurhoxisa kude

Izinto ezikhethekileyo zolu hlobo lwe-irradiation ziqulethwe kukuba kwiseseshoni umonakalo owonakalisayo awukho kuphela kwiiseli ezigulayo, kodwa nakwimpilo enempilo. Kule nkqubo, kusetyenziswe iifayili ezikhethekileyo, kunceda ukulawula ubude bendalo, obangela ukuba kuncinci kuncitshiswe kwimiphumo yemimandla kwindawo enempilo.

Esi sixhobo sichanekile, kwaye ingcali kuphela eqeqeshiwe ingasebenza naye. Ukuba ifowuni isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekileyo, isigulane asikwazi ukuphucula imeko yakhe, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo, iyayiyingozi.

Okokuqala, uphando lwenziwa, emva koko lwakhiwo lwakhiwo lwe-tumor volumetric, kwaye ngoko ugqirha uzama ukuhambisa amaza omsakazo kuwo.

Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation olude kude nomhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesenziwa nguwo wonke usuku okanye ngokuhambelana neshedyuli ehlanganiswe nodokotela oya kwiiveki ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezi-8.

Ulwaphulo oluqhelekileyo, ngokubhekiselele, lukwahlula kwiintlobo ezimbini: ezizinzileyo kunye neziphathekayo.

Umbono wokuqala ulandelayo:

• Isigulane sifakwe kwindawo ethile.
• Umthombo wemizi-mlilo ujoliswe kuyo (kwakhona ikhona).

Uhlobo lwesibini, umtya:

• Hambisa umthombo wemisebe.
• Bayiqondisa kwi-tumor yeprostate, i-apparatus iyasondela isigulane kwaye isebenza kumaseli omhlaza kumacala onke.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa usebenzisa le ndlela, ikhefu elincinci lonyango liyadingeka.

Indlela yokusebenza (ubuchopho)

Iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuphathwa ngumhlaza yi-brachytherapy. Impumelelo enkulu le ndlela iyenzile, ukuba i-tumor iphakathi kweprotate gland. Ingundoqo yile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngoncedo lwenaliti ekhethekileyo, into eyenziwa nge-radioactive ifakwe kwisisu. Ixabiso le-iodine- ¹²⁵ . Inkqubo ilawulwa yi-ultrasound.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ama-capsules ane-radioactive substance ayifumaneka ngayo, i-brachytherapy iyahlula:

• Intracavitary;
• Phakathi;
• Intravascular.

Emva kwenkqubo, isiguli sisesibhedlele iiyure ezingama-24. Uncedo luza kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. I-substanceactive radio ishibilika emzimbeni iinyanga ezimbini. Ngeli xesha, iiseli zomhlaza ziyafa.

Inzuzo ephambili ye-brachytherapy - imisebe ichaphazela kuphela iiseli ezonakalisiweyo, eziphilileyo zihlala zingatshatanga. Yingakho emva kokuba le nkqubo incinci ikhula ngakumbi kunokuba emva kwe-irradiation ekude.

Indlela yeProton kunye neyeza elisebenzayo

Le ngenye yeentlobo ezingenayo i-radiation yonyango eyanceda ukuqeda umdlavuza wesibeletho. Le ndlela isekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-radiation kwinqanaba le-pathogenic eyenziwa kwi-gland. Ngenxa yokuba idilesi isasazwa ngokuchanekileyo, zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ziphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. Akukho ziphumo zecala.

Indlela elandelayo yonyango ye-radijuji ye-prostate yomhlaza. Isetyenziswa njenge:

• Ukuthintela;
• Iindlela ezixhasayo;
• Isixhobo esizalisa ukungenelela ngophengululo.

Injongo yale nyango yintshatyalaliswa yecondom yesibini.

Le ndlela inefuthe ekusasazeni kweeseli zomhlaza kunye nokukhula kwazo. Amandla ombane onamandla angabulala iiseli ezigulayo ezisele emva kokusebenza. Oku kwandisa ukuphumelela kwonyango. Kuxhomekeke kwiinjongo ezifunwayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemitha yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle. Kuthunyelwa kwisiza sokubunjwa kwesisu, umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda kwe-oncology kule ndawo kuncitshisiwe.

Ulwaphulo lweMilutha

Ngokuqhelekileyo, unjalo unyango lwe-radiation lisetyenziselwa umdlavuza wesibeletho. Imiphumo yesifo kulo mzekelo sifika kwisigaba sesine. Umbono wokubambisana uhlose ukunciphisa imeko yesigulane. Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lwangaphandle luza kunciphisa i-tumor nentlungu kwaye iquka imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Ukususa iimpawu zesifo, ukungenelela okutyathwayo, ukuchithwa kwe-prostate. Ndiyabulela unyango oluthile, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.
• Olu hlobo lwe-radiotherapy lubekwe ngokubambisana neziyobisi ze-hormone kwisigaba sokugqibela somhlaza wesibeletho. Lo msebenzi uyanciphisa i-syndrome yeentlungu, ukhuphe iziphumo zecala lomhlaza.
• Xa kufumaneka umdlavuza weprotected localized, usetyenziso lwe-ultrasound ablation, olusebenza nakwi-palliative therapy. Inceda ukuphelisa iziphumo ezibi zesifo.

Iziphumo zonyango lomzimba

Nangona ukuqaliswa kwamasu amatsha kunokunciphisa ukuvakalelwa okubi emva kwenkqubo, kodwa kusekhona unyango lwe-radiation. Ngomhlaza wesibeletho, imiphumo emva kokuba ikhona:

• Kukho iingxaki kwi-rectum. Ku nokuba nohudo kunye nesifo sengqondo somzimba. Emva kwexesha, ezi nkathazo ziyahamba.
• Kukho imibuzo enxulumene nomsebenzi webladder kunye nokucoca. Isigulane sibhekene nokuvuthwa rhoqo, ukutshisa ngexesha kunye nokuba khona kwegazi kumchamo. Ezi nkathazo zidlula emva kwexesha.
• Ukuphuhliswa kwamandla kunye nokungasebenzi kwemisebenzi erectile. Isiganeko salezi ngxaki sifana nesemva kokuhlinzwa. Kodwa kukho umehluko: emva kokusebenza, ukungabi namandla kuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye emva kokuxiliswa kwe-irradiation - kancane kancane, ngaphakathi konyaka.
• Emva kokusebenzisa i-radiotherapy ye-cancer ye-prostate (ukuphononongwa kwezigulane eziye zenze le nkqubo, qinisekisa oku), okokuqala uziva uhlala ukhathala kunye nokukhathala. Eli gama liyaqhubeka liinyanga ezimbalwa.
• Ukuphuma kwe-lymph kuphazamiseka. Le yimbangela ye-edema yeziphelo ezantsi.
• Ukunqongophala kwe-urethra. Ngamanye amaxesha i-urethra yonakaliswe, ukuphuma kwe-urine kuphazamiseka.

Indlela yokuziphatha ngexesha lokonyango

Abantu abaninzi banenkxalabo malunga nombuzo: Yintoni enokuyilindela emva kokuba i-radiotherapy yenziwe ngumhlaza wesibeletho? Ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kule migaqo elandelayo:

• Ngethuba le nkqubo, ukutya akufanele kube yi-calori ephezulu kuphela, kodwa kwakhona. Ukutya kufuneka kufake onke amavithamini kunye nezinto zokulandelela. Qinisekisa ukuba ugcine urhulumente wokusela (kufika kwiititha ezintathu zamanzi ngosuku).
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya nokusela utywala.
• Izambatho zimele zikhululeke, zikhanyise, zenziwe ngeempahla zendalo. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukugcina ii-irradiation zones zivulekile. Xa befika kwisitalato, kufuneka ba khuselwe elangeni.
• Ungasebenzisi isepha kunye nezinye izimonyo. Xa uhlamba, khumbula amanqaku emzimbeni.
• Ukuba ubomvu, ukubetha, ukujuluka kwenzeka, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
• Uhlala ehamba emoyeni omtsha, umsebenzi osebenzayo owenziwe ngokomzimba, okhulileyo kunye nobuthongo obugcweleyo - le yenyathelo elilodwa lokususa eso sifo.

Ubomi emva kokunyanga kwamayeza

Ukubuyiselwa kuqale ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphela kweeseshoni zoxilongo. Iquka ixesha elinjalo:

• Ukuphumla emini;
• Iphupha eliphezulu;
• Ukulahla irejista;
• Isimo sengqondo;
• Ukuchaneka nokutya okwaneleyo;
• Ukukhanyela yonke imikhwa emibi.

Ngeli xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuncedisa kuphela ugqirha, kodwa kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni.

Ekubeni unyango lugqityiwe, kuya kufuneka uhambe kwiinkqubo kunye nophando, imeko yeemeko ngokubhekiselele kule nkqubela ihlala ishintsha. Into ephambili kweli xesha akuyikuzivala, uxoxe nabahlobo kunye nezihlobo. Zama ukuqaphela isigqithiso sokuphila, ungayeki imisebenzi yasekhaya. Ukuba uswelekile, balale uze uphumule.

Ukuba usebenza, cela ubukhulu ubuncinane ukuba udlulisele okwesikhashana umsebenzi olula. Eyona nto ibhetele, ukuthatha ikhefu ngexesha lokubuyiselwa.

Ukuba zonke iingcebiso zegqirha zilandelwa, ixesha lokubuyisela liza kudlula ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza nangokulula.

Ukusebenza kwenkqubo

Kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, iziphumo zihlukileyo:

• Isizaziso kwisigaba sokuqala singathatha indawo yongenelelo lwangonyango, izitho ezinempilo kunye nezicubu zihlala zingasebenzi.
• Emva kokuba i-prostatectomy radiotherapy isetyenziselwa umhlaza wesibeletho. Imiphumo emva kokusebenza kweli phepha ibe yinto encinci, kuba iiseli ze-pathogenic ziyachithwa.
• Kwiimigangatho ekupheleni kwesi sifo, irradiation inciphisa intlungu yesifo.

Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Zama ukutyelela ugqirha rhoqo. Uya kubeka esweni ikhosi yesi sifo kwaye, ekunciphiseni kancinci, umisela unyango.