Imfazwe Russian-Turkish leminyaka 1768-74.

imfazwe Russian-Turkish leminyaka 1768-74 yaba ungquzulwano yesihlanu emkhosini phakathi Russia kunye Ottoman.

Le ntswela-basic ihleli injalo - ukuba ukufikelela simahla kuLwandle Black. A ezibangela olusesikweni yemfazwe Russian-Turkish zezi zilandelayo: urhulumente Russian ekhokelwa uCatherine II waqalisa ukuba angenelele inxaxheba kwimicimbi yezopolitiko ePoland, apho ngelo xesha kwakukho inkcaso imfazwe phakathi Bar Confederation kunye olawulayo uKumkani Stanislava Ponyatovskogo. imikhosi Russian walwa kwicala kakumkani.

Ukufumana imikhosi eliphikisayo, wona libutho Russian of Cossacks ahlasela amazwe Turkish awuthimba kwidolophu encinane Balta. Abasemagunyeni Turkish, xa umfela ndawonye we Polish babehlangene kwaye kunye nenkxaso ka-Austria kunye France wathi imfazwe iRussia September 25, 1768. Ngoko ngokusemthethweni imfazwe Russian-Turkish leminyaka 1768-74.

Kule mfazwe, Turkey ejolise ukwandisa ubunini, bathimba Kiev, Astrakhan kunye uLwandle Azov; France kunye Austria ayecinga ukuba buthathaka impembelelo Russia ndibuyise imida yangaphambili Poland kunye Polish babenqophisene wayenethemba ekugqibeleni ukumbamba amandla kweli lizwe.

Kude kube sekupheleni kuka 1768 amaqela zange Butha esebenzayo, kodwa sasuka nje kunye nemikhosi yazo nokulungiselela imfazwe. Army phantsi General Golitsyn wafudukela kancinci, elifumileyo nakummandla ongqonge Dniester ukuya inqaba Hawtin. Ibutho yesibini Russian, owawukhokelwa Jikelele Rumyantsev, ukuze akhusele ummandla Ukraine ukusuka kuphangwa iCrimea Turkish.

Umlo yaqala ebusika 1769, xa i-Calvary Army khan of eCrimea Giray alingenele ilizwe Ukrainian. Njengoko kulindelekile, le hlaselo bakucaphukele umkhosi Rumyantsev kaThixo. Kwangaxeshanye, amajoni Russian wayithimba baseTaganrog, usule ukufikelela kwi kuLwandle Azov waza waqalisa nokudalwa Azov wayenothotho.

imfazwe Russian-Turkish yeminyaka 1768-74 lwalubalasele ukuba ngexesha umkhosi wayo le Ottoman ayikwazanga kuphumelela eyodwa naluphi na uloyiso zanchitelno. Ngelo xesha uninzi oyalele ukoyiswa yalo yomkhosi Turkish ubunzima Idabi Chesma kunye Idabi Cahul.

Chesma idabi kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJuni 1770, xa umkhosi Russian, owawukhokelwa Admiral Greig Spiridov kwaye, ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi elikrelekrele wakwazi ukutshixa kwi Bay of Cesme kwi iinqanawa utshaba wayitshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo fleet Turkish. Ngenxa yale mfazwe Potro Turks zaba-10 amawaka, yaye Russian - Abantu-11 kuphela.

Kwaye ezweni kwedabi July 21, 1770 e Cahul abalaseleyo elizayo felmarshal Rumyantsev. impi yakhe 17000th unako ukuyoyisa nekhulu umkhosi sewaka Khalil Pasha. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa a maqhinga akrelekrele ekhubekisayo ukuba isicelo bahlazeke. Ngaxa lithile, xa amajoni Turkish icinezelwe imikhosi Russian ngakumbi ngqongqo waziphosa Rumyantsev yena wangena ekulweni waza wajika waya kuhlasela amajoni, lowo yayiqale ukwehla. Janissary isongiwe emva kuvela okokuqala, waza waqalisa ukuba athathe isikhundla ukuba zilichithachithe.

Ngokutsho iziphumo imfazwe lowo Russian enesiqingatha baye balahleka amawaka abantu, yaye baseTurkey - ngaphezulu kwe-20 amawaka. Emva uloyiso olukhulu Cahul kwiNgxowa enqabeni Turkish ka Izmail kunye Kilia.

Ukususela 1770 ukuya 1774. ntlekele yaseBougainville Ottoman. I Caucasus kunye yoLwandle abamnyama Butha asebenzayo apho uloyiso ngokuphindaphindiweyo amanqaku amajoni Russian. Uncedo wathembisa evela ePoland, Austria kunye France, baseTurkey abangafumani. Ngoko ke, ngo-1772, abasemagunyeni Turkish bagqiba ukuqala iintetho uxolo. Ingongoma ephambili apho amaqela avume - yaba okumiselwe eCrimea. icala Russian baphikelela kokuzimela eCrimea, kwaye Turks ngamandla ongayifuniyo le mfundiso. Ngoko ke, akazange aye phantsi uluvo ngokubanzi, emacaleni aso omabini iqalise eyaqala ngawo.

Ngowe-1773-74 imikhosi Russian bakwazi ukuhlala usingasiqithi iCrimea. umkhosi Eyona ahluka phantsi ngokomyalelo Suvorov, ophumelele uloyiso ndiyincutshe Girsova, Kozludzhi kunye Turtukay.

E Georgia, ngeli xesha, ukuba, ayesilwa baseTurkey, nangona alizange liphumelele njengoko Moldova kunye emaqeleni iCrimea. Ngowe-1771 uCatherine II wayalela ukuba ukurhoxisa amajoni Russian ukususela eGeorgia, ngokuba bokuhlala kwabo apho ezongezelelweyo engenamsebenzi. Noko ke, iziganeko eCaucasus, imikhosi Turkish buyisela kule nkundla engundoqo zeentsebenzo, nayo leyo kwaba nempembelelo entle ekuhambeni imfazwe.

Ekugqibeleni, abasemagunyeni Turkish kwanyanzeleka ukuba asayine isivumelwano soxolo aze azalisekise zonke iimeko ezityhala iRussia. yaphela ke imfazwe Russian-Turkish leminyaka 1768-74. Kwathi kwidolophu encinane yaseBulgaria of Kucuk Kaynardzha ngoJulayi 1774.

Iziphumo kwemfazwe Russian-Turkish zezi zilandelayo: uBukhosi Russian wafumana indawo ephakathi Dnieper kunye Bug, kuquka ngaselunxwemeni, kunye inqaba iCrimea. Krymskoe Hanstvo wabhengezwa geqe, kwaye yomrhwebi fleet Russian ngexesha elifanayo wafumana ilungelo sicatshulwa free kwiStraits. Ngenxa yoko, iRashiya iye yakwazi ukwenza icebo lakhe, eliphezulu, eyibeka imfazwe Russian-Turkish.