Umkhosi we-X-35 wokulwa nomkhombe: iinkcukacha kunye nesicelo

Enye yeendlela ezisemgangathweni kwimicimbi yamasosha yakutsha kukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo nezixhobo. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba kube lula ukuveliswa kweenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwazo. Omnye umzekelo wale ndlela i-missile ye-Kh-35 yokulwa nomkhombe. Ngokuxhomekeka kwenguqu, ingasetyenziswa ngeeplani, ii-helicopter, iinqanawa kunye nezixhobo ezinxweme. Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo kusebenziseni kakhulu kwandisa umkhosi we-missile ekulweni.

Qalisa i-X-35: imbali yendalo

Okokuqala, siya kuqonda ukuba i-rocket kwafuneka ihambe ngaphambi kokuba ibe yipropati yoMkhosi wamaRashiya. Ekuqaleni, kwakucatshulwa ukuba i-rocket ye-X-35 iya kufakwa kwiinqanawa kunye neenqanawa ngokufuduka komlinganiselo. Kwakufuneka isetyenziswe njengenxalenye ye-missile complex (RK). Uphuhliso lwaqala ngo-Apreli 1984. Inhloko yale projekthi yayinguGI Khokhlov. Inxalenye ephambili yomsebenzi wokwakha wabelwa kwi-OKB "iZvezda". Kwakucatshulwa ukuba i-X-35 i-Uranus missile yayiza kusetyenziswa ukutshabalalisa iinqanawa kunye nokufuduka kwama-toni angama-5000. Imigaqo yokubaluleka iyadingeka ukuba inokubakho kokusungulwa komnye kunye nomlilo we-volley. I-missile ye-X-35 yayimele isebenze ngokulinganayo kwiimeko zonke zemozulu, nangaliphi na ixesha lemihla nangona xa iintshaba zisebenzise iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwe-air kunye ne-EW.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

Ngokwe-aerodynamics, i-missile yenziwe ngokwemodeli evamile: i-X-wing kunye nomsila womsila. Umgangatho ongaphandle womzimba wenziwa ngama-cylinders amaninzi. Amacandelo aphakathi kunye nomsila asymmetric: kukho i-gondola engezansi, phambi kwayo okufakelwa umoya. I-rocket ine-speeder-starter speeder accelerator, eyenziwa ngesimo sesilinda kwaye ineentsiba ezibekwe ekuqaleni.

Ubude obude be-rocket ngu-3.85 m. Ukuba ufaka i-accelerator kuyo, eli lathisi liye landa kwi-4.44 m. Ububanzi bendiza abudluli kwi-0.42 m. Ububanzi bamaphiko kwindawo ebonakalayo yi-1.33 m. I-X-35 inesisindo 600 kg.

Ubeko

Uhlobo olunjalo luyafumaneka nakweminye imikhiqizo yale klasi. Inxalenye yentloko izixhobo zentloko ye-homing. Emva kokuya kwinqanaba lokulwa. Kwinqanaba eliphakathi kukho itya lokungenisa umoya, "igqoke" kwiitanki zamanzi. Ngomsila we-rocket iyinjini ye-turbojet. Kwiindawo ezikhululekile zomzimba zixhobo ezongezelelweyo. I-accelerator ye-starter ine-design elula. Ngaphakathi kwimizimba yaloo nto iyakwazi ukubeka kuphela injini ye-rocket.

Inkqubo yesikhokelo

Ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo zenkxaso-nkqubo kuye kwachaphazeleka yimfuneko yokubanjwa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwejoliswe kuyo nayiphina imeko. Umsila wawuxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezikhokeleyo. Ngethuba lokuhamba, kwafuneka asebenzise inkqubo yokuhamba nge-inertial kunye ne-altimeter yomsakazo. Kwaye xa i-missile ishiya indawo ekujoliswe kuyo, inkqubo ye-radar esebenzayo ye-GOS kufuneka isebenze, umsebenzi owukukhangela kunye nokuwunqoba.

Kuyilo lomsila, i-ARGS-35, i-head radar homing head, isetyenzisiwe. Ikuvumela ukuba uyenze ukufumanisa nokusukeleka ekujoliswe kuyo ekujoliswe kuyo. I-antenna yenkqubo ifumaneka entloko ye-rocket. Wayegqoke kwibala elikhanyayo. Uphando lwecandelo elincinci lunebubanzi obuyi-90 degrees (45 degrees ukuya ngasekunene nakwesobunxele be-rocket axis). Imbono yokujonga yayingabanzi kakhulu: ukusuka kwi -10 ukuya kuma-20 degrees. Iinguqulelo zokuqala ze-missile zineenkalo ekujoliswe kuyo ekufikeleleni kwi-20 km.

Iyunithi yokulwa

Iyunithi yokulwa ephumelelayo, ubunzima bayo buyi-145 kilogram, yafakwa emva kwesihloko se-homing. Siyabulela kwisenzo sokuqhaqhaqha-ukutshabalalisa, i-unit unit yokulwa kufuneka ifake iinqanawa ezifikelela kwii-5,000 zeetoni. Unomzimba oqinileyo kunye neendonga ezinqamlekileyo, okukuvumela ukuba uphonye kwicala leenqanawa zeentshaba kwaye uphumelele ngaphakathi. Ngako oko, kunokwenzeka ukufumana umphumo owonakalisayo.

Injini

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, injini ye-turbojet itholakala ngasemva kwe-hull. Ukudonsa kwayo kufinyelela ku-450 kgf. Injini iqalwa ngokusebenzisa i-cartro ye-pyro kwaye isebenza kwi-kerosene ye-aviation. Isityalo salo hlobo luvumela i-rocket ukuba ifinyelele ngesivinini ukuya kuma-280 m / s kwaye iqhube ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-130 km. Ngokumalunga ne-accelerator eqinile, kuyadingeka xa usebenzisa i-rocket kwi-RK "Uranus". Ngomncedisi wakhe, umkhosi we-X-35, iziganeko esizicingayo namhlanje, ushiya ukuthuthwa kunye nokuvelisa isitya. Xa i-projectile iqalile, le moto iyasetyenzwa kwaye injini enkulu iyasebenza.

Lawulo

I-missile ye-cruise X-35 ifumaneke inkqubo yolawulo ephumelelayo, ekuvumela ukuba ufezekise ukusebenza okuphezulu kwimfazwe. Kwiziko lokuhamba i-rocket ihamba ngezinga elingaphezulu kweemitha ezili-15 ngaphezulu kwezinga lamanzi. Xa kukhangela ukukhangela ithagethi kunye nesikhokelo kuso, lesi sixalathisi sinciphisa ukuya ku-4 m. Ngenxa yokuphakama kwe-flight low and scattering area, ukulandeleka kwexesha elifanelekileyo, ukulandelela nokuhlaselwa kwe-missile ngokukhuselwa kwintshaba yokhuseleko.

Ukusebenza kweempazamo ze-X-35 kwinqanaba elithile lenziwe lula ngokuzenzekelayo inkqubo yokulungiselela kwangaphambili. Umbuso wecandelo lokulwa kunye nokuqaliswa komsebenzi wendiza kulawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Kuphela, uqeqesho aluthathi ngaphezu kweyoku-1 iminithi. Umqhubi we-X-35, ojoliswe ukusetyenziswa kweekhephe kunye neendlela ezixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni komhlaba, wanikezelwa kwisitya sokuqalisa ukuthutha i-cylindrical. Iinguqu ezisekelwe kwinqwelo-moya zithunyelwa kwakhona, kodwa ziqaliswe kwiimbambano eziqhelekileyo zeenqwelo-moya okanye ii-helicopter.

Ukulahla ekuphuhlisweni

Ngethuba lokuqwalaselwa kweso sketch, apho abasebenzi beZvezda Design Bureau benza ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ezinye iintsilelo zabonakaliswa. Ngokukodwa, ukungafani phakathi kwenkqubo ye-radar esebenzayo kunye neemfuno ezibekwa kuso. Kuthatha ixesha elingakumbi ukucoca nokuphucula iphrojekthi. I-pilot yokuqaliswa kwisibonelelo esisekelwe kumhlaba yenzeke ngoNovemba ka-1985. Oku kunye nokuqaliswa okulandelelanayo kuphumelelanga.

Ukuqaliswa kokuqala okuphumelelayo kwenzeka ngoJanuwari 1987. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwee-board systems lwaluqhubeka. Kuze kube ngo-1992, i-OKB "iZvezda" kunye namashishini athile aqhutywe olunye uqaliso lwesibini. Ukungabikho kwesampula esipheleleyo se-radar esebenzayo, iimfosholo zokuvavanywa zixhotyiswe ngokuxelisa.

Ngenxa yokuwa kwe-USSR kunye nenani leengxaki zezoqoqosho, umsebenzi weprojekthi ye-Kh-35 usuphelile. Phakathi kowama-1992 no-1997, kwakunezakhiwo ezine zonyango ezakhiweyo kwaye zavanywa. Inkcitho yoKhuselo yancitshisiwe, ngoko ke umyalelo wokuqala we-system ye-missile ye-Uran kunye nomkhosi we-X-35 wenziwe ngumthengi wangaphandle.

"Uran-E"

Ngowe-1994, i-Indian Navy yayala i-Russia i-Uran-E. Incwadi ethi "E" ithetha ukuba kuguqulelwa ngaphandle. Isakhiwo esixhomekeke emkhombeni esincinci siquka: i-missile, isiqalisi, inkqubo yokulawula kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya kwezixhobo. Inokufakwa kwiintlobo zonke zeenqanawa kunye nezikebhe. Isiqalisi sinomxholo wesinyithi oxhotywe nge-container fasteners. Uyilo lucinga ukuba i-rocket ye-X-35 iqala ngekona lama-35 degrees.

Inkqubo yokulawula i-automatisk, eyenza imisebenzi yokuvavanya imicibisholo, ukufaka imisebenzi kunye neminye imisebenzi, eyenziwa ngendlela yeebhanki. Oku kukuvumela ukukhupha izixhobo kuyo nayiphi na iinqanawa ezifanelekileyo nezikebhe. Isitya esinye sinama-15, enye-5 m ² .

Siyabulela umyalelo we-Indiya, uphuhliso lwaluphelile, kwaye ukuveliswa kwee-rockets kwaqala. Ngowe-1996, izixhobo zokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi zithunyelwa kumthengi, ekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, umsebenzi wawugqityiwe ekuhambisweni kweempazamo X-35 zombhubhisi we-INS Delhi. Kwixesha elizayo, ezinye iinqanawa zaseNdiya zafumana izixhobo ezifanayo.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-2000, imeko kunye nokuxhaswa kweeMpi zoMkhosi zatshintshile ukuba zibe ngcono. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-2003 ubunzima obunzima "u-Uranus" kunye nomkhosi we-X-35 wagqitywa kwaye wamkelwa ngenkonzo eRussia.

"Ibhola"

Phantse ngeli xesha, xa u-Uranus "engena kwinkonzo ngeNavy, ukuphuhliswa kweRK yonxweme" iBal ", eyasebenza kunye nomkhosi we-Kh-35, wagqitywa. Imisebenzi yenkqantosi yonxweme yayiquka ukulandelwa kwamanzi omhlaba kunye nokukhusela onke amaziko olwandle. Ngenxa yobuninzi bezinto ezinokubaluleka "uBol" ngokukhawuleza ukufumanisa nokuhlaselwa kweenqanawa zeentshaba.

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwenkxalabo kubangelwa ukuba iinqununu zayo eziphambili zenziwe ngendlela yoomatshini abazizimeleyo ezakhiweyo ngesiseko se-MAZ-7930. Inkathazo ingasetyenzwa kumgama weekhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka kummandla wonxweme. Iibhamu zayo ezipheleleyo zi-64.

Inguqu yezohambo

Phakathi no-2000, ukuphuculwa kwengxelo ye-aviation ye-Kh-35 missile yagqitywa. Ngeenqwelo-moya, ukuguqulwa okuhlukile kunye nesalathisi "B" kucetywayo. Uhlobo oluphambili lwalo lukho ukufumaneka kwe-starter speeder. Yenzelwe ukuqwalasela isantya esiphantsi se-helicopter. I-missile, eqaliswe kwi-airplane, ayifuni i-accelerator nonke.

Inkcazelo ehambelanayo

Ngo-2011, i-launcher ye-missile ye-X-35 yaqulunqwa, iguqulwe njengesitya seenyawo ezingama-20. Ngaphakathi, ezine izitsha zokuthutha izithuthi kunye nezikhephe kunye nesethi yonke yezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokulawula zifakwe. Liliphi ithemba elili projekthi, alikaziwa.

X-35U

Ukuphuhliswa kwe-missile ye-X-35 kwakuyi-X-35U inguqu, ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwezixhobo ezintsha iphindwe kabini ngejubane. Ukongezelela, iyakwazi ukunqoba intshaba ukusuka kumgama wama-260 km. Konke oku kuphunyezwe ngenxa yelinjini entsha kunye noyilo oluchitshiweyo lomgca womoya, ovumela ukunyusa ukunikezelwa kwamanzi.

Ngonyaka ka-2009, i-X-35U iboniswe ngokutsha, eyayifumana isicatshulwa esongezelelweyo "E". Kwakujoliswe ukuthengiswa phesheya. Uhlobo oluphambili lweprojekthi lwolukhokelo olutsha lweenkqubo, olwandise umgama wokubona okujoliswe kuyo ekude ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-50.

Uluhlu lwamalungu

Okwangoku, i-missile ye-X-35, iimpawu zobugcisa esizihlolisayo namhlanje, zisetyenziswe ikakhulu kwimikhosi yaseRashiya, e-Indiya naseVietnam. Okwangoku, iinqwelo eziliqela eziliqela zakhiwe. Njengabathengi bangaphandle, banomdla kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe emkhombeni. Inkqubo ye-Uran air missile ne-X-35 missile ayikho imfuno evela kumazwe angaphandle. Ngokwamanye amazwe angaphandle, umkhosi waseRussia ukopishwe ngabakhi beeNyakatho zaseKorea. Ukuba oku kuyinyani, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-DPRK yenza iibhoksi ezithengiswayo, oko kuthetha ukuba banokuba nezixhobo ezininzi kunokuba baziwa kwiidata ezisemthethweni.