Umkhuhlane: Iintlobo umkhuhlane, iimpawu, unyango, uthintelo

Umkhuhlane - isifo wentsholongwane wadluliselwa ngamathana ochaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, yinxalenye yeqela Ari, kubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, ezifana pneumonia, ukungeva, ukubona, kunye nokufa.

Nyaka ngamnye, ukongeza-waziwa kakuhle, kukho iintsholongwane ezintsha kunye RNA oluguqulweyo ezingabangela ukuba umkhuhlane. Types of influenza A, B no-C ngonyaka, kukho Ukuvutha nezifo.

Kuthathwa iqela yintsholongwane ubuncinane yingozi, kuba ingabangeli izifo ezosulelayo, umda kuphela izifo zemiphunga ngaphandle ukukhohlela kunye nomkhuhlane.

Le ntsholongwane band A lubandakanya ezi zenzi zilandelayo: H1N1, N1N2, H3N2. Ngaphambili eyaziwa uhlobo ingozi influenza A / H1N1, okanye flu, ngaphandle unyango ngexesha eyaneleyo kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

utshintsho njalo wezakhi zentsholongwane ivumela ukuba bangabanjwa ngokulula inkxaso amajoni omzimba (umntu, iintaka, ezimpuphu zicandwe zacandwa-ayabulala izilwanyana). Nangona media gciwane ngaphambili uthambekele ukuba umkhuhlane kubo bonke ubomi babo, oko kukuthi, umkhosi ephilayo iphuhlisa elilwa nentsholongwane elijongene umkhuhlane. Types of influenza kwabantu ukuhlasela okanye isilwanyana, akuyi kuba waqonda yi kwamajoni omzimba kwaye ndiya kumbetha umzimba kwakhona, yaye de kube isifo omzimba iza kuqhubeka ngesantya ngokupheleleyo.

Abantu Abaninzi sifo ngokwemvelo, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukubhenela kogonyo.

Nyaka ngamnye, ngaphezulu kwama-25 ekhulwini abemi behlabathi kuba umkhuhlane uyagula ngamaxesha, inani labantu abafa ezinxulumene nesi sifo, ukusuka 3,500 ukuya 50,000 (avareji ngonyaka ngamnye - 38900).

umkhuhlane zonyaka kuchaphazela abantu ngonyaka ngamnye ukususela ekuqaleni kaSeptemba ukuya ekupheleni kukaMeyi, ngoxa bemi imozulu ezingazinzanga manzi.

zesifo umkhuhlane zonyaka

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu abasoloko ukwazi ukwahlula ngoko nangoko phakathi flu ngamaxesha kunye njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, njengoko ezi mpawu iyafana: phlegm, ngobhobhozo elingqingqwa, ukuxinana ngeempumlo, intloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka, ubunzima imisipha namalungu, nomkhuhlane. Nangona uninzi sifo ihlala iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngaphandle naluphi unyango, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu ukunyanga esi sifo ngokwabo, ngaphandle ukubandakanyeka abaziingcali kwiimeko ezithile, oko igcwele iingxaki.

Iingxaki ezivela nomkhuhlane ngazo ngokwayo ku:

• pneumonia;
• sinusitis, ukungeva ngeendlebe, izifo ezosulelayo sendlebe engaphakathi;
• emzimbeni;
• ukudumba imisipha yenhliziyo.

Kukho iqela elithile labantu ukuba lowo nayiphi na intsholongwane yomkhuhlane kunokuba yingozi kakhulu:

• abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka eli ezingamashumi amathandathu anesibini;
• abafazi imashumi mathandathu anesixhenxe ubudala nangaphezulu;
• iintsana kunye eyodwa.

Unyango somkhuhlane kucetyiswa iziyobisi ezifana "Theraflu", "Codelac" "kazz", "Gqirha Mama".

amanyathelo okuthintela ukuba kakhulu ngempumelelo izifo wentsholongwane egazini: ukunxitywa armbands antiviral, ugonyo ngexesha, ukusetyenziswa kubola ngenxa kwamagciwane kwezandla, ukuthatha iivithamini kunye nokutya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.

influenza abantu

Impawu H5N1 yomkhuhlane ezifanayo iimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane yamaxesha amisiweyo: nangecesina, ukukhohlela, ubunzima izihlunu. iingxaki yasungulwa Ngoko ngohlobo ukudumba imiphunga okanye ukuphefumla iingxaki sibulale 70-85% yamatyala. Ubungqongqo sifo kuxhomekeke okukwazi yomguli okanye ugonyo nokuba yingozi yomkhuhlane ukuya eziphilayo ngamnye.

Inani elikhulu H5N1 gciwane abhalwe eMexico, Taiwan, eJapan, kunye Canada. Okwangoku akukho amatyala ingxelo amayeza xa umdlali ophethe le H5N1 ntsholongwane umntu, Noko ke, intaka umkhuhlane kuhlala isifo lunokubulala.

Prevention of izifo eziyingozi

Ukutshintshwa zentsholongwane umkhuhlane weentaka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye akukho data nzima, kodwa ke kukho iimeko xa usulelo lwenzeka olufumaneka ngokwayamana ngqo iintaka ezosulelekileyo okanye Imiphezulu ezingcolisekileyo kunye ilindle yeentaka ngabathengisi.

ayikwazi kuba usulelo yenyama okanye amaqanda, kuba unyango ubushushu ubulala intsholongwane.

Ukukhusela le ntsholongwane, kufuneka:

1. Yitya amaqanda kuphela kunye nenyama emva unyango ubushushu ngenyameko imizuzu engamashumi amathathu ashushu 60-65;
2. Hlamba izandla ngesepha namanzi imizuzwana ubuncinane amabini, sebenzisa kubola kwiimeko apho akunakwenzeka ukuba ugcwalise ukuhlanjwa.
3. Ukupheka inkukhu ibhodi neemela kwaye isitya esahlukileyo.
4. Ngaphandle ukutya kwabo amaqanda ekrwada kunye iqanda kunye isiqingatha womoji-zonka (ulwelo) sac.
5. Kuphephe ukudibana nomntu onesifo, ukuba qha okukhulu, kufuneka ibe sokulinganisa iqondo lobushushu iintsuku ezintathu ubuncinane kabini ngemini kunye khangela iimpawu kangangeeveki.
6. Ngexesha lombulalazwe, nakunxibelelwano isigulane Kucetyiswa ukuba banxibe imaski, ukuyitshintsha qho kwiiyure ezintathu.
7. Yitya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno zizityebi vitamin C.

Khumbula! ugonyo yonyaka nxamnye somkhuhlane ungakuvumeli ukuba kuphuhliso okukwazi zokulwa umkhuhlane weentaka.

amachiza asebenza ukuba unyango legciwane H5N1

Ekuchongeni iimpawu intaka flu izigulane ezimiselweyo inhibitors ebanzi-spectrum, ezifana neuraminidase ekuqaleni.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuba unyango amachiza asetyenziswa: "Oziltamivir", "Zanimivir", "Relinza". Kwimeko wokukhulisa lobushushu ukuya degrees 38 Kucetyiswa antipyretics, ezifana acetaminophen. Xa iingxaki sifo kunye nenyumoniya okusolwayo zibeka antibiotics.

Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa "Antigippina", "Analgin", "aspirin" kunokukhokelela kwintlekele ezifana yokungeva ngeendlebe.

H1N1 kunye neAvian entsha, eyaziwa ngokuba iihagu

Amatyala yokuqala flu ebhalwe i-United Kingdom (eNgilani) ngo-2009, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa intsholongwane yasasazeka kumazwe ezimakhulu mabini kuwo onke amazwekazi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zosulelo amagciwane ziyafana kakhulu, hayi ngaphandle, kwaye umkhuhlane lusidla. Types of influenza, ezifana A no-C, sibonakalisa iimpawu ezifanayo H1N1, kodwa ngokungafani oko kwenzeka ngaphantsi buhlungu nokuthintela iingxaki ezifana pneumonia miphungeni.

Iimpawu intsholongwane H1N1

Gciwane ukunyuka waphawula kobushushu ukuya degrees 38-40, yintloko lwezidumbu, ukuxinana ngeempumlo, kudityaniswe iimpumlo ezivuzayo, ukudumba womqala, ukudinwa, ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, ubunzima imisipha namalungu, iimpawu yityhefu.

Ikhosi kwesi sifo kuxhomekeke ngobume bempilo kunye nenkqubo omzimba ngamnye, kodwa kuyo yonke loo H1N1 yomkhuhlane waqalisa unyango ngexesha zokuqala iintsuku ezisixhenxe sifo, ngoko ke unyango yimpumelelo ngaphandle iingxaki.

iqela ubungozi

Kwimeko engozini yosulelo virus ziquka:

• kwabasetyhini 1-3 senyanga nokukhulelwa;
• abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka kominyaka imashumi mathandathu;
• iintsana nabantwana ukuya kwiminyaka esixhenxe;
• abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo: inyumoniya, pyelonephritis, isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo azalwa, cholecystitis, isifuba ngamaxesha athile.

Xa efumanise iimpawu H1N1 kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuba awukwazi ubize inqwelo yezigulana, ungakwazi ukuqala unyango kunye namachiza antiviral, "Temiflyu", "Relinza", "Zanomivir" ukuphucula isiphumo kulayishwa ithamo kufuneka kuthathwe kwiiyure ezingamashumi amane anesibhozo yokuqala.

flu abantwana iphathwa elithetha "Temiflyu" yaye "Relinza", kodwa ke kufuneka usetyenziswe ngononophelo obukhulu, njengokuba mhlawumbi kubonisa ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezifana ubungqongqo iintlungu esiswini, intloko ebuhlungu, iimpawu ityiwe ahlekise.

Lomkhuhlane olutsha kunokwenzeka ukuba ayeke ugonyo ngexesha kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukuba agonye abantu engozini.

unako ukuthintela usuleleko, ukuba lokukhathalela manyathelo alandelayo:

• sebenzisa i lolwabo ezilahlwayo xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla;
• ngococeko ngesandla kanye ubuso;
• pholisa igumbi ukugcina izinto zasekhaya ehlambulukileyo;
• sebenzisa ngebhandishi protective;
• ukuqhuba nokugonywa ngexesha.

flu abantwana edla bhubhane.

Lalawo kwimbali kwentsholongwane influenza

"Spanish Flu", okanye umkhuhlane Spanish - yintsholongwane wabulala inani elikhulu ubomi kwimbali yoluntu. Siyazi kwimbali ukuba (iinyanga 20) 1920-1921 basulelwe kunye nabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi 600, ie 30 ekhulwini labemi behlabathi. Ngokutsho inani lamathole, ubhubhane yenye ntlekele inkulu kwimbali yoluntu. Lo mkhuhlane bhubhane kuyingozi kakhulu - A / 1N1N1.

Iimpawu zesi sifo:

1. ibala Grey-blowu.
2. Cyanosis.
3. inyumoniya Infectious.
4. Sifo kukukhohlela igazi.
5. inyathelo nzima sikhatshwe ubukho kwegazi emiphungeni, nto leyo kamva ekhokelela ekufeni ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuphefumla.

Esi sifo kuqhubeka kwaye akukho iimpawu, kodwa kule meko Isigulane emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Umkhuhlane Spanish got igama layo ukusuka kwindawo apho eyayibhalwe ubhubhane kuqala - Spain.

umkhuhlane isisu

Iintlobo flu, ezifana irotavirus usuleleko okanye gastroenteritis, enyanisweni, umkhuhlane akujongwa njenge-arhente causative esi sifo kukuba a calicivirus ebangela ukudumba iphecana zesisu zabantu. Ngokusisiseko, esi sifo ubunzima ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka esixhenxe, yaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, abadala. Kwangaxeshanye, umkhuhlane wamathumbu abadala kunye neenkqubo umzimba owomeleleyo kwenzeka ngendlela afihlakeleyo, recovery ngokupheleleyo kulo mzekelo uza ingadlulanga iveki.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni kunye nococeko abantu abahluphekayo. Xa abantu, umkhuhlane isisu ubizwa ngokuba 'ngesifo ngezandla ezimdaka ".

Iimpawu kunye nonyango lomkhuhlane esiswini

A kwiiyure ezimbalwa phambi kokuba ukubonakala isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo kunye khohlo kunye phlegm, iimpawu umqala obuhlungu, impumlo esihambisayo, ezenzeka kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Yimiqondiso zokuqala zesi sifo kufuneka udibane nogqirha ngubani emiselweyo imithi yokuphucula enzayim ye phecana wokudla, ezifana "carbon isebenze", "Filtrum" "Smekta", "Polysorb".

Yedwa flu

Yedwa - umlinganiselo ezijolise ekuthinteleni izifo wentsholongwane egazini. ixesha yesifo, ngokuxhomekeke nobungozi besi sifo kunye nenani avareji abosulelwe ngeveki.

umkhuhlane kakhulu amaninzi wathi yedwa esikolweni okanye abancinane, oku kungenxa yokuba amajoni omzimba womntwana sele lalingekabunjwa, kwaye umzimba awukwazi ukumelana usulelo.

Ngenxa yesifo wathi xa isikolo akukho ngaphezulu kwe amabini ekhulwini abantwana.

Phambi kokuba ubhubhane ezilindelekileyo kuyimfuneko agonye abadala kunye nabantwana (ngemvume yabazali), pholisa le igumbi, coca imiphezulu umsebenzi, ukunqanda izihlwele. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule, nexesha elongezelelweyo kwisithuba yedwa ngenxa yomkhuhlane okanye SARS umlomo ugonyo umbala kunye Mantoux.

Amanyathelo othintelo umkhuhlane

Oogqirha bacebisa njengenyathelo lokuthintela ukomeleza umzimba wakho kunye amajoni omzimba unyaka wonke ngokusebenzisa tempering, iiklasi umzimba, ukutya kunye lokuthathwa iivithamini kunye neeminerali. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo kukuba ugonyo zokulwa umkhuhlane iinyanga ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba bhubhane elindelweyo. Ukongeza, uluntu kufuneka banxibe iimaski zokuzikhusela, ukutshintsha kubo qho kwiiyure ezintathu.