Umphimbo: isakhiwo yesekethe

Umphimbo i ityhubhu dystrophy elimxinwa. Yeyona lijelo elisetyenziswa ukutya ihamba. ubude Human esophageal komyalelo ngeesentimitha eziyi-25. Okulandelayo, cinga isebe ngokweenkcukacha. Fumanisa apho kuvuleke iminxunya ebantwini, nto leyo eyenza lo msebenzi. Kweli nqaku uza kufunda malunga amacandelo eli sebe, kwakunye ezinye umzimba ezimbi kakhulu.

ulwazi jikelele

Umphimbo nesisu umntu - ezimbini GI alandelelanayo. Eyesibini asezantsi. Eyokuqala ise kwindawo ezi-6 omqolo wesibeleko thoracic ku-11. Yintoni na isakhiwo kuvuleke iminxunya kwabantu? It iqulathe ezintathu. Isebe ibandakanya ummandla esiswini, thoracic kunye wesibeleko. Ecacileyo, ngezantsi ke kuvuleke iminxunya umzobo kwabantu. Isebe kwakhona sphincters langoku - phezulu nasezantsi. Badlala indima kwemithambo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba oluthambileyo ukutya yi lokugaya. Sphincters ukuthintela ukungena kweziqulatho ndlongondlongo ukusuka esiswini emphinjeni; kwandule ke pharynx kunye kwisisu ngomlomo. Kwakhona ukuvala ngoku kwisebe. Bonke amahlanu kubo. Two ukuvala - pharyngeal kunye diaphragmatic - ingqalelo le yokwakheka. Ezintathu kuzo - inyumoniya, ezesifuba aortic - are nokomzimba. Oko kukuthi, ngokubanzi, isakhiwo kuvuleke iminxunya yabantu. Oluphangaleleyo jonga kwi yintoni eyenza umzimba iqokobhe.

komzimba esophageal kwabantu

Isebe ludonga elakhiwe ngayo isifo, submucosa, kwaye izaleko kwimisipha adventitial. Last Emphezulwini ikhadi kwasekwa imicu striated. Malunga nama kummandla ka 2/3 (ukubala ukusuka phezulu) ngesakhiwo athathelwa indawo kwezihlunu egudileyo. Umaleko dystrophy ekhoyo oomaleko ezimbini: i setyhula langaphandle longitudinal ngaphakathi. Yangaphakathi iquka epithelium flat wakubo. Ububanzi eliqokobe iqulethe amadlala ukuba uvule kungena sayo emzimbeni. Le inwebu yangaphakathi iye uhlobo yesikhumba. epithelium Flat wakubo ilele phezu entle-ifayibha kokuxhuma ngefayibha. Lo maleko khazi analo owakhiwa ngayo izakhiwo collagen. Kwakhona ekhona epithelium kunye nokuqina iiseli zeethishu retikulinovye ngefayibha. Own khazi layer lokufakwa kwayo ngohlobo papillae. Ngokubanzi, komzimba esophageal lomntu ilula. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba kunjalo kakhulu, zingaphi imisebenzi ziyaphunyezwa kwisiqwenga zesisu.

umsebenzi wabantu esophageal

Eli Sebe lenza imisebenzi emininzi. Xa umsebenzi yabantu esophageal kukuqinisekisa ukukhuthazwa ukutya. Le into iqaphelwa motility, imisipha, utshintsho koxinzelelo, nokundileka. Kwakhona, ezindongeni isebe secreted yencindi yomlomo. It zingawunyakamisanga bolus, leyo lula umthondo lwalo kwisisu esiswini. Kwakhona kwisiteshi ijolise ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko imixholo ukubuya ukufunyanwa umi eliphezulu zesisu. Lo msebenzi ngapha sphincter.

uphazamiseko

Ukuthelekisa ukuxhaphaka ezingaqhelekanga zale kuvuleke iminxunya emathunjini, ukuze uqaphele oku kulandelayo: Le ukubonakala ngoku kakhulu rhoqo kangako. wavuma Ngesiqhelo abapasileyo ukutya ngaphandle kokuma. Kukholelwa ukuba kuvuleke iminxunya yomntu ngaphantsi basengozini abo okanye ezinye esicaphukisayo. Ngokubanzi, eli sebe ilula kubume bayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye ngomahluko kubume bayo. Namhlanje, iingcali wafunda inkoliso isebe ekhoyo malformations iziphene kwaye ziyafikelelwa. Uninzi abanye oogqirha nokuxilonga komzimba engaqhelekanga le sphincter odibanisa nesisu emphinjeni. Enye siphene eliqhelekileyo kuthathwa ukuba ibe nobunzima ligwinya. Kule meko kwabantu kuvuleke iminxunya yancitshiswa enobubanzi zophendlo lwezifo (ngokwesiqhelo ke 2.3 cm).

iimpawu zesifo

Amaxesha amaninzi zoxilongo esophageal into ezingahambi naziphi na iimpawu. Noko ke, izitenxo umsebenzi wakhe kunokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kule uqhagamshelo kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo nkqu, ezibonakala iimpawu zincinane. Ukuba kukhona vekeleke kufuneka ngoko nangoko uye kwagqirha. Phakathi mpawu zixhaphakileyo na ukungaqheleki esophageal kufanele kuphawulwe:

• Heartburn.
• Bhodla.
• ubuhlungu Epigastric.
• Ubunzima ekudluliseleni ukutya.
• Uza iqhuma emqaleni.
• Ubuhlungu kwindawo kuvuleke iminxunya kule nkqubo yokutya.
• Hiccups.
• Ukubuyisa.

spasm

Kwezinye iimeko, ubunzima indlela yokutya ezinxulumene izishunqulelo yiSpasticity kwemisipha esophageal. Ngokuqhelekileyo le meko kubonakala kubantu abatsha. Kakhulu okuba ukuphuhlisa spasm yobuso, ngokuxhomekeka ucaphuka nokungazinzi esibonakala inkqubo luvo. Amaxesha amaninzi imeko yenzeka kwiimeko uxinezeleko, ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza ukutya, nervosa jikelele. Ngesantya esiphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso kuvuleke iminxunya yabantu phantsi aphazamiseke ngoomatshini. Ngenxa yoko, uqala spasm kwinqanaba reflex. Ngokufuthi imisipha iqatshelwe ndawo kuvuleke iminxunya emathunjini uqhagamshelo. Kulo mzekelo, kukho cardiospasm. Khawucinge ngale meko ngokweenkcukacha.

cardiospasm

Le meko sikhatshwa kulwandiso emphinjeni. Le anomaly iphawulwa ukwanda kakhulu kwisisu layo kunye notshintsho morphological eludongeni malunga nemvelaphi exineneyo kabukhali ecaleni layo kwentliziyo - cardiospasm. Ukwandiswa emphinjeni lisenokuba ngenxa imiba eyahlukeneyo yangaphakathi nangaphandle yayintsholongwane eyosulela, ukuphazamiseka embryogenesis, dysfunctions neurogenic, ekhokelela atony.

Izinto ezibangela cardiospasm

karhulumente ezingahambi igcinwa ukwenzakala esibuhlungu, isilonda, ithumba. into ukunisa kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kucingelwa ukuba ifuthe iikhompawundi ezinetyhefu. Ezi ziquka, kuqala kwiinto zonke, kufuneka iquke sibini kumashishini eziyingozi, utywala, icuba. Kwenyusa amathuba cardiospasm stenosis esophageal ezibangelwa ngokoyiswa sizoku lwisana yesifo, icesina nebomvu, ngegcushuwa kunye nesifo sephepha. Phakathi izinto ukunisa ziyathandwa ezimbi ezahlukeneyo uvalo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kufuneka ibandakanye imingxuma sclerosis. kulawula kunye ngezenzeko subdiaphragmatic kwi kwisisu. Kule meko sithetha ngayo aerophagia, gastritis, gastroptosis, peritonitis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. Ibangela zinto ziquka supradiaphragmatic kunye neenkqubo. Phakathi kwabo, ingakumbi, ukubeka i kwemithambo aortic, lo aorta, unepleurisy, mediastinitis. Zimeko neurogenic ziquka ukonakala luvo in yoluvo izixhobo kuvuleke iminxunya. Baya ezinokubangelwa ezinye ezimbi esosulelayo. Umzekelo, isizathu inokuba imasisi, yesifo, isifo somqala omhlophe, ifiva nebomvu, meningoencephalitis, yomkhuhlane, ipoliyo. Kwakhona, ukuba bamqumbise zinto ziquka yityhefu ngu iikhompawundi yityhefu emsebenzini nasekhaya (ilothe, utywala, iarseniki, nicotine). Ekhokelela gigantism uhlobo ukutshintsha esophageal naso mhlawumbi kuphuhliswa ibakala bookmarks osandul. Emva koko, kubonakala sclerosis, olindelwe yeendonga.

achalasia

Esi sifo neuropathic ngokwendalo. Xa kukho lunyhasho imisebenzi achalasia esophageal. Xa pathology iqatshelwe iingxaki motility. Le sphincter asezantsi obambeleyo njengentsika obturator phakathi kuvuleke iminxunya kunye nesisu ulahlekelwa ikhono layo ukuze ukhululeke. Okwangoku, i-umyalezo we sifo engaziwa, kodwa iingcali zithi ukuthambekela psychogenic, esosulelayo kunye yemfuza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le leengxaki ibanjiwe ebudaleni ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-40.

ukutsha

Ukuba kwenzeka xa kuvuleke iminxunya umntu agqobhoza iikhompawundi ezithile chemical. Ngokutsho manani, lilonke inani labantu abafumene ukutsha le GI, malunga nama-70% - abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi. Le pesenti eliphezulu kungenxa abadala ukongamela kunye abantwana ukwazi amqumbisa ukuba eve izinto ezininzi. Ngokufuthi a abadala umtshiso kuvuleke iminxunya bafumana kwi sokungena kwi sodium hayidroksayidi, izisombululo acid wamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho iimeko iimpembelelo Lysol, phenol. Degree wentshabalalo kumiselwa ngokungqinelana umthamo uyondelelwano lwee- compound ongene ngaphakathi. Xa 1 st. umonakalo okuphawulekayo wobuso nwebu yangaphakathi. Ngokuzalana luphawulwa ukwenzakala izihlunu. Burn emphinjeni 3 tbsp. abahamba emathunjini onke amacandelo eli sebe. Kulo mzekelo, akukho zimpawu nje ekuhlaleni, kodwa imiqondiso aqhelekileyo: ukunxila kunye nokothuka. Emva esilondeni 2-3 tbsp. kwasekwa utshintsho cicatricial zomzimba. Wabathetheli eziphambili uphawu baziva yakhawuleza elivuthayo ngamandla emlonyeni, umqala kunye nesifuba. Amaxesha amaninzi, umntu lowo wamthabatha isisombululo abuhlungu nangoko ukugabha kwenzeka, kusenokubakho ukudumba kwemilebe.

umzimba angaphandle

Ngamanye amaxesha umphimbo yomntu ukufumana izinto angenzelwanga ukuba ukugaya. Xa neperezhevannye iziqwenga ukutya abanokusebenza imizimba ngolwasemzini. Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, ubukho izinto kwamanye amazwe banesifo kaninzi. umzimba Foreign ukuze kuthi kuvuleke iminxunya ngenxa yokufakwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukutya, yintsini okanye ukuthetha xa zisitya. Amaninzi kweli sebe wafumanisa amathambo intlanzi okanye inkukhu. Ukuvela into langaphandle kuba yinqobo abantu babe umkhwa into ngobubi ukugcina umlomo rhoqo (umboniso paper, amaqhosha ebhutsi, imatshisi, njalo njalo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa umzimba eludongeni olungisiweyo izinto kunye isiphelo etsolo. Oku kungabangela komtshiso oko.

isilonda

Oku kubangelwa kukungabi ngezifo Cardo, apho bekuhleli umthondo emphinjeni yejusi esiswini. Ngoko, ke, kukho amanyathelo proteolytic. Soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho nezilonda esiswini kunye duodenum 12 okanye Ithemba hiatal. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iindonga izilonda eziliqela elibhaqiweyo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko abafunyenwe kunye namazwi ezininzi. Uphuhliso izilonda esophageal zimeko ezininzi. Pathology inokuba ngenxa kotyando, Ithemba, okanye ukuphazamiseka motility. Uphawu engundoqo a heartburn osisigxina, iintlungu emva breastbone, belching. Xa ukuphekela kwaye emva kokuba iimpawu yaqatsela ngakumbi. Njengoko osemqoka naye ukhonza ngamaxesha ziyenzeka regurgitation omuncu imixholo isisu.

atresia

Le isiphene ithathwa ukuba babe yinto enzima. Luphele ngezifo sachaza kuvuleke iminxunya eliphezulu eyimfama. Yehlisa ingxenye yayo xa enxibelelana noqhoqhoqho. Amaxesha amaninzi ngokuchasene nemvelaphi atresia esophageal zichongiwe kwaye nezinye iingxaki kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo umzimba. Izinto ezibangela izifo zithathwa ukuba babe mgaqweni kuyo uluhlu Esibelekweni yosana olungekazalwa. Ukuba iiveki 4 okanye 5 zophuhliso ndiseyimbumba kuya kuchaphazela iingozi, ngoko kamva ukuze uqalise kumiswa ephosakeleyo emphinjeni.