Umthetho 242 phezu Ukukhuselwa Data Personal. Federal Umthetho 242 (uMthetho on data buqu): Iinguqulelo kunye nezimvo

Russia inomthetho eyahlukileyo, njengoko apho imibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye nabantu emzimbeni kufuneka enze umsebenzi kunye data zobuqu - inombolo Umthetho 152. Xa isenzo zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda ngamathuba mthetho lenza izilungiso. Ngokukodwa, kaSeptemba 1, 2015 waya imimiselo amandla uMthetho Federal № 242, emva kokupapashwa apho inani Federal uMthetho 152, inani mimiselo ngokwesiseko entsha. Ntoni na ke? Ngubani linyanzelekile ukuba limisele imiqathango efanelekileyo yomthetho?

Yintoni uMthetho kwidatha yobuqu?

It ngokukodwa ingqalelo kule ngongoma ibalulekileyo: Umthetho 242-FZ, nto leyo wangena ukusebenza nge-1 Septemba 2015, sisenzo olumisiweyo, leyo liyilungisile omnye, umthombo osisiseko umthetho - № Federal Umthetho 152, esamkelwa ngoJulayi 2006. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi okomthetho № 242 kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kuphela xa kwimeko nemigaqo equlethwe kule FZ № 152.

Isenzo esisiseko somthetho - inani Federal uMthetho 152, esekwe kumthetho iindidi Russian yomthetho, ezifana:

- i data yakho;

- umqhubi ingcaciso efanelekileyo;

- processing of data zobuqu.

Phantsi kudidi lokuqala yowiso mthetho esemthethweni umisela ukuqonda naluphi na ulwazi enxulumene ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kumntu ngamnye. Kusenokuba, umzekelo, igama lakhe, iinkcukacha kunye nolwazi contact.

Phantsi udidi yesibini esemthethweni mthetho libhekisela karhulumente okanye kamasipala igunya, umbutho okanye umntu ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngentsebenziswano nabanye abadlali enze inkqubo lweenkcukacha, kwaye amisele ukwakhiwa kwawo kunye nemisebenzi kunye nabo.

Phantsi udidi zomthetho wesithathu umisela mthetho waqonda nawuphi na umsebenzi okanye ulandelelwano kubo, nto leyo enxulumene inkcazelo yobuqu kwaye yenziwa ngokusebenzisa isicelo iindlela esizisebenzelayo okanye ngaphandle kwazo.

imisebenzi engundoqo kunye data zobuqu njengoko kuchaziwe yi inombolo komthetho 152: ukuqokelelwa, ushicilelo, ukugcinwa, ukuvuselela, ukusetyenziswa, ukutshintshwa, uvimba, ukususwa. Ezi ndidi zomthetho, umgaqo, ngexesha wokwamkelwa nako kuqwalaselwa kakuhle entsha inkqubo yomthetho i-Russian Federation. Phambi kokuba revolution lwe data zobuqu kulawulwa ngumthetho Russian kunokuba phezulu.

Ezintsha FZ № 152

UMthetho on Data Personal, yamkelwa eRashiya, wabizwa ngaloo ukuzisa inkqubo yezomthetho yendawo nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba yimfihlo ulwazi lonaniso - ikakhulu zimelwe ekhompyutheni ize isetyenziswe njengenxalenye yonxibelelwano ngekhompyutha. Kodwa FZ № 152 bume wobugqwetha eyayisekwe ngokulinganayo nokukhusela data ezahlukeneyo off-line.

Ngokutsho isenzo zomthetho iiklasi regulatory idata yobuqu eziliqela sele uqinisekile ukuba ukusetyenziswa algorithms yokhuseleko ezithile ezifunwayo. Ukongeza, uMthetho Federal № imigangatho 152 esekwe ngokungqinelana apho revolution data ezahlukeneyo bakwazi yenziwe kwiinkqubo iinkcukacha ezizodwa - ezo zifuna abalawuli ingakumbi abanezakhono mvume ukuba baqhube imisebenzi kunye data zobuqu.

Nangona inani Federal uMthetho 152 yakhutshwa ngo-2006, xa kusenziwa, imimiselo yawo engundoqo abaqhubi data zobuqu yaba yimfuneko ukuba isicelo kuphela ukususela nge-1 Julayi 2011. Ekubeni umthombo efanelekileyo yomthetho, njengoko sele sibonile ngentla apha, ukususela amaxesha ngamaxesha ukwenza uhlengahlengiso ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, ezo eziye zavunywa ngurhulumente federal ngokusebenzisa uMthetho 242-FZ. Cinga iimpawu zayo zolwimi ngokunabileyo.

Iimpawu isicelo se isenzo somthetho

Federal Umthetho 242-FZ "Kwi Data Personal" (okanye mandithi, "Xa izilungiso izenzo ngokwemiqathango wolungiso data") yasekwa isikhundla, njengoko apho abasebenzi baye unyanzelekile ukuba ukusebenza kunye data ukugcina kuphela abancedisi ukuba ibekwe kwi kummandla Russia . Okanye ukuba icimile-line data yobuqu - ukuba uwabeke iinkcukacha ibekwe Russian Federation. Qaphela ukuba umthetho FZ-242 emiselweyo inani ngaphandle ngokuphathelele uthe imithetho - nto leyo, lubonakala kwizikhundla FZ № 152.

Enye iinkcukacha komthetho kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba, kwangaye yowiso yayo wenza utshintsho hayi kuphela isenzo esisiseko somthetho elawula ukusebenza data zobuqu, kodwa eminye imithombo. Oko kukuthi, emthethweni 149 "On ulwazi", kwakunye 249 ( "Xa ukhuselo amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye noosomashishini ngamnye ngexesha karhulumente kunye nolawulo kamasipala").

Amajelo Russian sele lwenziwe ulwazi Roskomnadzor - arhente onoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yabaqhubi la malungiselelo FZ-242 "Kwi Personal Protection Data" ngo-2016 iza kwenza uhlolo zababoneleli inkulu ye-IT-izisombululo, eziqulathe imisebenzi kwi-Russian Federation. Ngokukodwa, kwathiwa ukuba injongo Roskomnadzor - Fumanisa ukuba izibonelelo umthetho yemiyinge ezifana Microsoft, «Vkontakte», HeadHunter, LaModa. Bekucingelwa ukuba arhente owenza malunga 1 amawaka. Itshekhi Various.

Iqalwa ngurhulumente federal ngokusebenzisa kokupapashwa uMthetho Federal № 242-FZ utshintsho lwe data yobuqu kuMthetho Basic akwazi kusengaphambili imfuneko yabaqhubi likhulu kukho uphuculo ebalulekileyo kwe-hardware ne-software. Noko ke, le ngxaki kufuneka isonjululwe Brands, ngaphandle ukungathobeli yeemfuno kwezibonelelo esetyenziswa yi umthetho ekuthethwa, Roskomnadzor isohlwayo kwi nkampani.

A indima ebalulekileyo uhlolo bafanele ukuba adlale iintlobo abasebenzisi IT-izisombululo. Xa beqala barhanela ukuba idatha yabo ayakhuselwa ngokupheleleyo, ulwazi malunga inkonzo, nto leyo inxaxheba kwimisebenzi kunye zinedatha efanelekileyo badluliselwe ngqo kubasebenzisi Roskomnadzor. Ntoleyo, nto, kwakuza kufuneka siqalise inkonzo okuqinisekisa ngokuthotyelwa Umthetho 242-FZ.

Kuluncedo ukuqwalasela ukuba oko kuthathwa umda umthombo komthetho.

Inombolo yoMthetho 242: imihlaba yomthombo komthetho

Eyona engundoqo ngxoxo ingongoma kulo mzekelo - ukuba, nokuba kolawulo Federal uMthetho # 242 "Kwi Personal Protection Data" kwi mveliso langaphandle, kwelinye icala, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo kubasebenzisi Russian, kwelinye icala, ibekwe ngaphandle Russian Federation njengeyona ndawo ngokusemthethweni lwembono, nangokwemimiselo kwezibonelelo inxaxheba.

izibonelelo kulo mthetho ukuba ayintsokothanga uzimisele esimi wesenzo, indlu yowiso-mthetho akazange akuvumele. Ngoko ke, ukuze sifumane impendulo yalo mbuzo, kufuneka ujonge kwi neminye imithetho.

Ngenxa yoko, ngokungqinelana nomthetho kwiinkcukacha ezikhoyo Russian Federation, ukusetyenziswa kummandla Russia yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo izibonelelo zonxibelelwano kufuneka athathe ingqalelo nemigangatho evunywe yi-mthetho RF. Ngenxa yoko, xa silandela lo mmiselo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba uMthetho Federal № 242-FZ akunika Kodwa kuphela ezo iinkonzo ngokucacileyo zibandakanya iziseko ekhoyo eRashiya.

Ukugqiba umsebenzi mqhubi data wobuqu Russia

Umbandela ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ulawulo ingqalelo ngumthombo yomthetho - imisebenzi yokuziqhelanisa lophawu, ekubeni omnye okanye enye inkonzo. Ukuba indawo ethile ngokuyintloko tiendlekela kubasebenzisi Russian, kufuneka luthathwe ngokuxhomekeke kumgaqo ukusuka kwindawo umbono sesicelo inani komthetho 242. Isibakala sokuba le nkonzo ijolise ukufumana iinkcukacha zabantu abemmi Russian Federation lusenokwenziwa isekelwe kwinto yokuba:

- in isakhiwo iidilesi website usebenzisa domain .ru, .su, .rf okanye, umzekelo, .moskva;

- Umxholo site senziwe Russian;

- kule amaphepha Portal kukho phambi ithuba ukungena ubudlelwane kunye inkonzo usebenzisa iintlobo kwezivumelwano sibhalwe ngokungqinelana ne-Code Civil.

Ukuziqhelisa, laba basebenzi, ziphantsi kolawulo inani Federal uMthetho 242, ingaba izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu - umzekelo, iinkampani iinkonzo zabasebenzi, iibhanki, tsalela-amaziko. Bonke kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa imisebenzi yabo, kunye neemfuno umthetho ekuthethwa ngawo.

Act № 242 ngokwemiqathango engange yayo isicelo

№ Umthetho 242-FZ kwi Izilungiso inani Federal uMthetho 152 wakhutshwa kamva kunokuba okunene wabonakala FZ inombolo 152, kwakunye nezilungiso zangaphambili kuyo, kunjalo, yakhokelela ekuveleni imfuneko zokutyhila ngakumbi imiqathango isenzo somthetho ezisisiseko. Ngokukodwa, kwakukho ingxoxo malunga nokuba okanye hayi ukuqwalasela inombolo umthetho 242 njengokuthi isiphumo engange-bume ngokusemthethweni.

Ngaphezu nje ingongoma ethandwayo lwembono, njengako apho kuvavanyo somxholo ngokwasemthethweni isenzo zomthetho kufuneka asebenzise imigaqo obscheyuridicheskie ngokwendlela apho enika ifuthe engange yabo mithetho, nto leyo mandundu imeko kubantu abathile, okanye azithobe ukuba imisebenzi eyenziwa lingabi .

Ngaphandle kungenziwa malunga nemimiselo yomthetho apho umgaqo engange abhalwe ngqo. UMthetho 242-FZ izibonelelo aliqulathanga. Ngoko ke, ukuthobela imfanelo yayo kuphela nxaxheba yobudlelwane zomthetho, leyo aqalile ukuqhubekekisa idata yobuqu emva kokungena isenzo elisemthethweni engqinelanayo esebenzayo. Oko kukuthi, ukususela nge-1 Septemba 2015.

Isishwankathelo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha

Enye ngxoxo indawo, nezibonakalisa isenzo ngokusemthethweni phantsi ingqalelo - inkcazo "ukuqokelelwa kwedatha" ngokwesiseko isigama kolwimi ngoku kulo. Yintoni ukuntsonkotha ukutolika kule meko? Inyaniso yokuba, ngokungqinelana kunye namalungiselelo inani Federal uMthetho 152, ukuba senziwe ngenxa kokupapashwa uMthetho Federal № 242-FZ malunga notshintsho data yobuqu, abaqhubi banyanzelekile ukuba ukunikezela iifayile lizwe nje ukuqokelela enye ingcaciso efanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, eli yale nkqubo ayikho ichazwe ngokucacileyo emthethweni, leyo, Kakade ke, ungakuvumeli ukuba ukuphunyezwa ngempumelelo bemiqathango yawo eziliqela kwiimeko.

Phakathi iingcali ezigcinwe lwembono, ngokutsho apho "collection 'banotyekelo ukuqonda inkqubo apho eli data wamkela kubo abathile iqumrhu amandla okanye wesithathu amaqela ngqo. Kubonakala ukuba abekiwe ngokungqinelana noMthetho Federal 242 kufuneka ibe kuphela ezo data zobuqu eziye ezifunyenwe yi-umqhubi kwinto yomsebenzi wabo ingqalelo ekuqokeleleni idatha efanelekileyo. Ke ukuba, umzekelo, umsebenzisi lalithabatha ngengozi - njengento khetho, ngokohlobo ileta nge e-mail, fumana, njengoko kumiselwe ngumthetho 242-FZ, iinkcukacha lobuqu optional. Ngokufanayo ubunzima esoniwa zibonwa njengento inkqubo yokuqokelelwa kwedatha ukuzamkela yinkampani enye kwenye, ukuba iinombolo zomnxeba kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano abameli yenkampani.

ukubekwa Data aphesheya ngokwenani umthetho 242

Into elandelayo ebalulekileyo ephawula indlela ukuthotyelwa komthetho ekuphumezeni nemiqathango yomthetho inombolo 242 - ithuba yokubeka ezi basebenzi amazwe apho kuyimfuneko - umzekelo, xa kufikwa ukulondoloza ulwazi olufanelekileyo abancedisi eziqeshiweyo ukusuka nabathengisi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Kwelinye icala, lo mthetho № 242-FZ of data zobuqu kufuneka ibekwe abancedisi ukuba ibekwe kwi kummandla Russia. Kwelinye icala, kakade, kusenokubakho imfuneko yazo injongo yokuhlala kunye kwimithombo amazwe.

Njengoko amagqwetha, ukosuleleka umnqamlezo-emdeni data ngaphandle waphula imiqathango yalo mthetho lolawulo, isimiso, kunokwenzeka. Ngokwesiseko imimiselo yawo nawuphi na umthetho ukuba oko kuya kuthathelwa ingqalelo esemthethweni?

Xa transfer cross-umda kusemthethweni

Isibakala sokuba umthetho kwidata zobuqu kwasendaweni 242-FZ ayibandakanyi umphako uhlengahlengiso izinto zomthetho elawula transfer cross-emdeni iifayile eziqulathe ulwazi okwenziwe abemi Russian Federation kunye namanye amaqumrhu eziwela phantsi akhuselwe ngumthetho № 152-FZ. Ngoko ke, le nkqubo esemthethweni, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambi kwexesha xa izilungiso uyakucinga kusini na umthetho yamkelwa.

Kodwa kwakhona vula ingqalelo yethu - transmission data cross-umda ingaqhuba kuphela ngaphandle ukuze yogcino iifayile efanelekileyo. Yokuqala, ngoko kufuneka zibekwe kwi abancedisi eRashiya. Kulo mzekelo, eli data iya kuba noxanduva lokusebenzisa okungagunyaziswanga ngabanye abantu okanye iifayile kwi iiseva amazwe. Ukongezelela, ukuze abe nako ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zabo ulwazi kunye neemfuno osekwe nemigaqo karhulumente umthetho phezu kummandla apho umncedisi ahlala.

Izohlwayo-sanctions inombolo komthetho 242

Ngoko ke, siye safumanisa ukuba lo mthetho alenze kunikezelo uMthetho 242-FZ utshintsho inani Federal Umthetho 152. Iza kuba luncedo ukuba siqwalasele oko, yintoni izohlwayo nga nazo ezi basebenzi abaphula imiqathango umthombo efanelekileyo yomthetho.

Okokuqala, inkampani, nto leyo kunyanzelekile ukuba athobele iimfuno inombolo komthetho 242, isohlwayo solawulo ukuze ezibekiweyo. ukubaluleka kwalo engange 500-1000 ukuba amagosa, ngokunjalo izihlandlo-10 imali enkulu - kuba amaqumrhu asemthethweni. Le iseti omhle Art. 13.11 of the Code Administrative.

Okwesibini, singasebenza ekwamkelweni ezifana kwintshayelelo abaphuli yomsebenzisi data lobhaliso. It is a database ngekhompyutha olubandakanya amagama domain kunye URLs iziza apho data zobuqu zilungiswa abakhubazekileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngokuqukwa operator irejista ahambelanayo ikhutshwa phandle isigqibo senkundla. Ngaphandle - emva wokucinywa kwayo okanye ukuphelisa bephula umthetho kule nkampani.

Okwesithathu, kusenokuba ukufikelela kuphela kwisiza, nto leyo kuphunyezwa Ukuphathwa engachanekanga data zobuqu. Le nkqubo yenziwa emva kwisifundo data kwi Roskomnadzor ithumela ingxelo imfuneko yokuba athathe amanyathelo ukuvala resource zabo.

Ukongeza, eli xwebhu kufuneka yenziwe yi isenzo egwebayo, oqale ukusebenza. Emva koko Roskomnadzor ithumela inkcazelo malunga ukunyhashwa umnini ndawo inombolo komthetho 242 umniki Ukubamba, nokuba, ukuba umnini-resource akayi ukuphelisa umthetho, uvimba isayithi.

Inkqubo isicelo kwezohlwayo nxamnye violators izibonelelo phantsi ingqalelo somthetho esemthethweni kuxhomekeke kakhulu unyanzeliso. Abaqhubi data zobuqu iyavakala ukufunda rhoqo, kwakunye, umzekelo, kunye neentlobo izifundo okuhlalutya umthetho № 242-FZ, ukuhlaziya ngokusemthethweni. Emva imithetho inani Federal uMthetho 152, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izilungiso afanelekileyo kuyo - imeko ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngendlela eyiyo yeenkonzo zolwazi.