Umntwana umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 (ubudala). Isahluko 11 Art. 54 of Code Family of the Russian Federation

ngokomthetho siqinisekisa sikhundla umntu ehlabathini. Kunye ekukhuleni bonke ukufumana amalungelo ezintsha, imisebenzi, uxanduva. Baye kungekuphela abadala kodwa ebantwaneni. Ubuncinane yobudala emntaneni yiminyaka eli-18, nangona kude ngoko guys kufuneka amalungelo abo.

Onke amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi umntwana etshixiweyo kwi-Code osapho i-Russian Federation. Kwakhona, i-Convention on the yamaLungelo oMntwana - uxwebhu sostoyaschiyy ngezizwe amanqaku 54. On nesiseko sayo, ubomi kulawulwa, akhuliswe kunye nophuhliso lwabantwana.

Ubomi nemfundo

In Art. 54 RF IC yaqinisekisa ilungelo lomntwana ebomini kunye nemfundo entsatsheni. Ngoko ke, urhulumente ixhasa abantwana ngaphandle kwabazali. Umntwana ngumntu oye attained kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo.

Abantwana zazi abazali babo, ongiwe zabo, ukuhlala nazo. An ngaphandle inokuba iimeko ubukho ayiphikisani umdla. Abantwana kufanele bakhuliswe ngabazali. Banalo ilungelo ukuqinisekisa iimfuno zabo, uphuhliso, ukuhlonipha.

Ukuba akukho ngabazali, ukukhulisa abantwana lombutho ukugada trusteeship yimithetho elisekwe siSahluko 18 RF IC. imigangatho enjalo ziboniswe Art. 54.

Unxibelelwano kunye nabazali kunye nezinye izalamane

Abantwana ukunxibelelana kunye nabazali babo kunye nentsapho iphela. Le art lusekiwe. 55 Nditsho mtshato lwabazali, kwigumbi elahlukileyo kufuneka zinyhasha phezu kweli lungelo. Lo mgaqo ukwasebenza kwimeko abahlala kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Umntwana lowo uchukumise imeko kakhulu angenza isicelo kunye nabazali babo kunye nezinye izalamane.

yokuvikela

Umntwana umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala, lowo unelungelo lokhuseleko izilangazelelo. Oku kuqinisekiswa ngabazali babo okanye abantu loco nokugada imizimba, umtshutshisi, inkundla. Minor, nto leyo ekwaziyo-18, linokusebenzisa amalungelo kunye neemfanelo, kuquka yokuzikhusela.

Abantwana banelungelo lokukhuselwa ukuziphatha engafanelekanga lwabazali. Ukuba phula iimfuno zomntwana, kubandakanywa ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela uxanduva lwabazali, umntwana lowo isicelo nokulindwa. Xa yokusebenza iminyaka 14 kunokwenzeka ukukhusela umdla enkundleni.

Ukuba nawuphi na umntu uyaziqonda isisongelo umntwana, kuyimfuneko ukuba azise umbutho eluvalelweni kunye nokuqashwa yokuhlala. amanyathelo okukhusela umdla umntwana aya kuthatyathwa xa efumene ulwazi olunjalo. UNorma iboniswe zobuciko. 56.

umbono

Amalungelo, iminqweno yabantwana ezincinane bavela kwiinkalo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Umntwana unelungelo lokuvakalisa izimvo zakho (Art. 57). Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala bayamenywa ukuba enkundleni ezindlebeni kuloo ntlanganiso. Cinga iimbono komntwana, lowo iminyaka eli-10. Ngaphandle ziquka iimeko xa kuchasene neemfuno zawo. Ezinye izigqibo ziya kuthathwa yi nokulindwa ngokusekelwe imvume umntwana eyi-10.

Igama kunye nefani

Umntwana ngumntu oye attained kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, ngubani onelungelo igama kunye nefani (art. 58). Igama isekwe ngabazali kunye patronymic umiselwa igama likayise. Igama lokugqibela yabelwa umzali. Ukuba uyise nonina ngayo yahlukile, kuba umiselwe ngesivumelwano.

Ukuba akukho sivumelwano phakathi nabazali malunga igama mntwana, uya kusonjululwa yi nokuqashwa. Xa engekho lukatata unikwe igama lonina labantwana.

Ukutshintsha igama, ifani

Umntwana ngumntu oye attained iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala, ngubani onelungelo ukutshintsha igama kunye nefani (art. 59). Lo mthetho ifumaneka ekwenzeni engama-14. Lenquba yenzelwa kunye isibheno odibeneyo abazali entlanganweni care le. Khetha igama efunekayo, yaye igama kutshintshwe igama lomzali yesibini.

Ukuba umama kunye notata bahlukane, yaye umzali naye lowo umntwana ufuna ukunika igama lakhe, yi nokulindwa abanikwe kwaloku kuxhomekeka iimfuno zomntwana. Ngokwezimvo omnye umzali ayikho imfuneko.

Ukuba abantwana bazalwa ngaphandle komtshato kunye lukatata iye ayasekwa, unokuvumela ukutshintsha igama kwi ifani sikanina. Tshintsha igama okanye ifani yomntwana kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 baya kuphela kunye kwemvume yakhe.

amalungelo empahla

Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala kwaye banamalungelo impahla (Art. 60). Banako ukufumana umxholo evela kubazali babo nezinye izalamane. Iimali Wayefuna ukuba minor, inokuba ngohlobo isondlo, imihlala-phantsi izibonelelo. Lahla ngabo bazali, inkcitho kulondolozo, akhuliswe kunye nemfundo. Isondlo zingadluliselwa ukusuka ingeniso umhlawuli kaThixo ngesantya akukho ngaphezu kwama-50%.

Umntwana unakho ukufumana ingeniso, impahla njengesipho, ilifa okanye ukuthenga nokuthengisa intengiselwano. Order sisebenza phantsi amanqaku 26 no-28 le-Code Civil. Kodwa umntwana unelungelo lokuba lwepropati ngabazali, kwakunye akwazi ukulahla impahla yabantwana. Ukusetyenziswa kuvumelekile ngesivumelwano.

ummeli osemthethweni

Xa RF Civil Code asichazi eli gama, kodwa RF IC ingaqhelekanga. Kodwa kuyinto ikuyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo abantwana. IKomiti Investigative wathi abazali abameli kwezomthetho umntwana. Kufuneka ukukhusela iimfuno zabo (Art. 64). Ukuba kukho ukungavumelani, ummeli umntwana umiselwa nokulindwa phakathi kwabo. Ubungqina yabameli isiqinisekiso sokuzalwa.

Kwezinye iimeko, umntwana ufuna nokulindwa, umzekelo, kunye ukuhluthwa amalungelo lobuzali. Emva koko ke ummeli elimisiweyo igqwetha lejaji ngamalungelo kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana phantsi unonophelo eluvalelweni xa kuyimfuneko ukusombulula ubomi kamva lo mntwana.

isimo ngokomthetho

Ngaphandle nje kokuba umntwana ngumntu oye attained kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo, ukuba imeko yakhe. Oku esekwe yi-mthetho:

1. incapacity - iminyaka ukuya ku-6 ubudala.
2. iminyaka 6-14 - umthamo ulinganiselwe.
3. iminyaka 14-18 - umthamo buso.
4. Nge ubudala - ukusebenza.

umthamo ezipheleleyo inxenye uyahlawulwa nabazali babo okanye nabagcini babo. Kufuneka unomsebenzi banyamekele iimeko ngokwasemzimbeni eziphathekayo kwabantwana. Xa ithuba leminyaka 6-14 zezi ntengiselwano ezilula ziyafumaneka ukuba akukho mfuneko ukusayina amaphepha asemthethweni. izenzo Uvunyelwe ichazwe kwiSiqendu 28 Code Civil.

Nge-qhinga kweminyaka eli-14 amalungelo abantwana, kuba lokunye amandla, ukuze bakwazi:

• zuza iindlela zokulawula;
• ukukhusela amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi;
• ukukhupha ifakwa;
• inxaxheba kweentengiselwano real estate.

Umthetho uthi malunga namathuba amandla omthetho ukuya kwiminyaka eli-16. Ngokutsho nqaku 21 Code Civil kungenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• ngomtshato;
• ukusebenza phantsi isivumelwano sengqesho;
• lokuvula ishishini labo.

namandla apheleleyo, okanye imbuyekezo, iza ngokwesiseko isigqibo nokulindwa okanye inkundla.

Nabo kufuneka umntwana?

umfana obudala ngaphantsi kweminyaka eli-14 ubudala ukuba ahlale nabazali okanye abagcini babafundi. Kwaye kungekho abameli kwezomthetho - emzimbeni amaziko zokuhlala. Mhlawumbi a kwigumbi elahlukileyo ngexesha unyango okanye ukuhlala kwelo ziko lemfundo. Ngamaxesha amaninzi abanye abazali bahlukaniswa. Emva koko kufuneka ukusombulula ngoxolo umba yokuhlala umntwana.

Ukuba zange isebenze ukusombulula, kuyimfuneko ukuba isicelo kwiinkundla. Ngokutsho Art. 65 Code Family, uluvo yomntwana kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Ukuba uneminyaka-14, unelungelo lokuba ukucacisa indawo yokuhlala kunye imvume kubazali babo. Kodwa RF IC ayibandakanyi ithuba enjalo, kwaye i-Code Civil ivumela yokuhlala eyahlukileyo emva kweminyaka eli-16.

Phakathi mtshato

Emva komtshato, esi sibini kufuneka ukusombulula umba ophilileyo nokuqinisekisa nabantwana. Ukuziqhelisa, kukho amatyala eluvalelweni joint xa umntwana ujika abaphila unina noyise. Umbuzo yokuhlala enokusonjululwa ngendlela enoxolo ezinkundleni.

ilungelo ngokuzithandela equlethwe kwiSiqendu 65 RF IC. Kungenjalo kuya kufuneka uye enkundleni. Emva kokuba Uqhelene zonke iimeko, iNkundla isigqibo yokuhlala umntwana ekuqhawulweni komtshato. Inkundla ikuthatha ingqalelo iminqweno yabantwana kunye namalungelo abazali kule meko ziyafana.

Inkundla ikuthatha ingqalelo:

• ngeempawu abazali;
• kwishedyuli yexesha;
• ubutyebi;
• isimo somtshato;
• ubudlelwane;
• phambi yabazalwana noodade;
• ezempilo;
• nendawo yokuhlala;
• izimvo zomntwana, xa eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala.

yokuhlala Court esinyuliweyo, apho iimeko kuFeliks ziya kunikwa umntwana. Kwimeko nganye ngamnye, njengoko isigqibo iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi.

phantsi kwesivumelwano

Isivumelwano khethela ngaphantsi kwakubuhlungu ubume ingqondo yomntwana. Eli lungelo kuMgaqo-Art. 23, 24 ka-RF IC. Isivumelwano umisela nje yokuhlala kuphela, kodwa kwakhona umyalelo kweendleko ukhuseleko.

Ukuba amaxwebhu waba semthethweni, oko utyikitywa ngabazali bobabini, uze emva koko ukuze siqinisekise izivumelwano. Kufuneka iikopi ezi-3. Inkundla ufumana ikopi yeso sivumelwano.

Xa engekho lwabazali

Xa abantwana besala kwiimeko zokunqongophala uxanduva lobuzali kubo sithwalwa ngurhulumente. Inkqubo yobhaliso lonakekelo esekwe iintloko RF IC 18-22. Chonga abantwana kolu didi babe nokulindwa, nantoni na isizathu yokuba ukungabikho abazali.

Ke mhlawumbi:

• yobhaliso elimakishayo, umz, sisizalwane esisondeleyo;
• komntwana (adoption);
• usapho ikhuliswa;
• zokuhlala okwethutyana kwiziko.

iinzuzo kunikwa okungakumbi nokwamkelwa (adoption). It olu hlobo losapho kucingwa ukuba kunokuzuza kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ke amalungelo umntwana kufuneka kubakhusela abazali bakhe elitsha.