Umthombo waseBakhssarai: iprogram yokwenza ipolisi okanye uphawu lokuthandana?

Umthombo waseBakhssarai, okanye, njengoko kuthiwa, "umthombo wezinyembezi", wakhiwa ngo-1764 ngu-Omer ongumakhi wasePersi, ogxininise ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezithandekayo zeli hlabathi. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba kutheni ummeli waseShiite i-Iranian enza umsebenzi we-satellites enye yaseTurkey-eCrimean Khan. Inyaniso kukuba ukuchasana kweTurkey ne-Iran (ePersia) yayingekho kuphela kwezopolitiko, kodwa neengcamango zengcamango. Isigqeba seShia esilawulayo se-Islam e-Iran sasinokwahlukahlukana kwezinto ezivela kwiSunnism ezithatyathwe kwi-Ubukhosi base-Ottoman kunye nezifundo kunye nezifundo zayo. Ukumemezela abanye abaphikisayo, aba babini bahlasele iimfazwe ezingapheliyo ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela kwiminyaka yeshumi elinesibhozo ekhulwini leshumi elinesibhozo, kuye kwafika intetho engamashumi asixhenxe anesihlanu. Mhlawumbi, ukuyisebenzisa, umakhi owaziwayo wasePersi waya eKrimea waza waba "ngumsebenzi weendwendwe", edala ummangaliso omncinci - umthombo waseBakhchsarai.

I-Bakhchisaray, isikhungo sezithili zaseCrimea esele sasiyi-capitalism yeCrimean Khanate, eyabangela ingxaki enkulu kubamelwane bayo basenyakatho-i-Russia, i-Ukraine kunye neRzeczpospolita. I-Krymchaks yenza amaxhoba kunye namazwe aseCaucasus.

E-Bakhchisarai kwakukho indawo yokuhlala eCrimean Khan - ibhotwe elihle kunazo zonke, esele lidlulileyo kwixesha leempawu zeemveli zembonakalo. Ngomzamo wokuguqulela iingcamango zabo zeparadesi emhlabeni, abaqambi bamaSilamsi badala "ibhotwe legadi" (njengoko igama lomzi waseBakhchisarai liguqulelwe ulwimi lwaseTrimea lwesiTatar ). Kwaye umzi ngokwawo ufaneleke ukubonakala ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwebhotwe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe le-Crimean khan yayibonakala isondele kwinqanaba layo langoku, wenza isigqibo sokwakha entsha.

Kwibhotwe le-khan kukho imithombo emibili. Omnye wabo ubizwa ngokuba "ngegolide" ngenxa yeengubo zegolide ezenziwe ngomhlobiso, ofanekisela umyezo wase-Eden. Owesibini wabizwa ngokuthi "umthombo wezinyembezi" ngenxa yeengcamango zothando uPushkin weva ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe eCrimea. Ngokomxholo, omnye wabafazi bakaKhan ubetyhelele omnye, apho umlawuli waseCrimea wayexhasa kakhulu. Usizi malunga nokulahleka, uKhan wayala ukwakha "umthombo wezinyembezi." Ndiyabulela italente yePushkin, eli bali latshintshwa laba ngumsebenzi owaziwayo ochaza ukungquzulwano phakathi kweGeorgia Zarema kunye neLithuania Lithuanians, ezagqitywa ngokufa kwalolu hlobo.

"Umthombo weeNyembezi" wathola igama lombhalo "Umthombo waseBakhchisarai" ngegama lembongo. Xa uPushkin ehambele iBakchisarai, wayeneminyaka engaphantsi kwemashumi mabini, ubudala obunothando. Ukucinga ukuba uAlexander Sergeevich wayengumlobi, oko kukuthi, u-romanticist ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ibali alivile alizange liphumelele ukummangalisa, akanakunceda ukudala inkondlo emthonjeni waseBakhchisarai! UPushkin wabhala lo msebenzi omncinci iminyaka emibini. Waphumelela ngo-1823, kwaye ngowe-1824, wabona ukukhanya.

Ndimele ndithethe ukuba ngokwezakhiwo zobugcisa, umthombo waseBakhchisarai awubonakali nantoni na yokuqala, ukwakha kwale hlobo kubanzi kwihlabathi lamaSulumane. Umdwebo odumile nguKarl Bryullov, obhalwe phantsi kwembongo yePushkin, unika ingcamango ephosakeleyo yokubonakala komthombo, okwenene ukhangeleka njengokwakheka kombhobho wamanzi.

Kodwa ke amandla enkosi! Ngaphandle kwesizathu esithi "umdali weelwimi zesiLashiya zanamhlanje", ngokubhekiselele kuninzi lwabaphengululi beencwadi, yayinguPushkin nje! Umthombo waseBakhchisarai, ngokubulela kwintetho yengqondo evela kwisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo sokupakisha ipaki, yaba ngumqondiso wokuthandana.