UNikolay Nikolaevich Novosiltsev: biography kunye nempumelelo

Bala uNikolay Nikolaevich Novosiltsev wayengomnye amanani ibalulekileyo karhulumente Russia kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX. Nguye lo ngumbhali eyilwayo eziliqela.

imvelaphi

Wazalwa uNikolay Nikolaevich Novosiltsev ngo-1761. Waba ngumtshana ooBhahali amanene Alexander Stroganov - ilungu leBhunga State and omnye nowokupheliswa uCatherine II. Noko ke, kukho endlwini ngobomi yomntwana kunye isiphako. Yena unyana ongumgqakhwe bakhe nonina-intshisakalo. Kungenxa koko wathunyelwa ukuba aphakamisele kuyisekazi, apho akwazi ukuphila kude iinkathazo usapho ngabazali bakhe.

Alexander Stroganov wagqiba ukuba umtshana ilungileyo uya kwenza umsebenzi yasemkhosini. iintsapho abazizityebi nengqondo basoloko befuna ukuba qhoboshela koonyana St. Petersburg wabasiki elite, olu sapho lwaluquka cream kuluntu Russian. To uNikolay Nikolaevich Novosiltsev inqanaba hayi yabanjwa, kodwa nangona kunjalo bagqiba uqeqesho likomkhulu likaThixo Corps of amaPhepha ngo-1783.

umsebenzi empini

Kwiminyaka eli-13 ezayo, igosa laseburhulumenteni elizayo ngcembe bafudukela anyukele emkhosini. Kwiminyaka yenkonzo yakhe kwafika omnye imfazwe Sweden ngo-1788-1790 gg. Novosiltsev inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kunye ukuchwetheza la mava yokulwa. Ngokutsho iziphumo imfazwe yaba sikhulu.

Zakufika igosa yokurenkisha aphezulu ilityalwe ngokupheleleyo yedwa. Ekuncothukeni umkhosi Russian ukuphelisa imfazwe kunye Sweden imfazwe wombhodamo ePoland. Oku kwenzeka ngo 1794, xa sele emva ezimbalwa amacandelo Commonwealth. Russia, Austria kunye Prussia wasiphula lizwe zaba ngamaqhekezana, wathabatha yena iqhekeza. Izibonda yavukela. Kwelaxesha Ndandime intloko ubuzwe kunye ngokuthanda Tadeusz Kosciuszko. UNikolay Nikolaevich Novosiltsev inxaxheba uxhathiso abaxhobileyo ukuya kwezithandani zezibonda. Ngowe-1796 wagqiba ekubeni ukushiya inkonzo yomkhosi umhlala.

Yaziwa ngezangqa zobunene

ixesha elithile Novosiltsev uNikolay Nikolaevich ababehlala kwamanye amazwe, kuquka eLondon, apho wayigqiba imfundo yakhe, kwicala lezingluntu. kokuhlala ixesha elide kwilizwe lasemzini akazange abe. I koMlawuli oselula Alexander I wambiza kwakhona kwilizwe lakhe.

Ngeli xesha, ukumkani omtsha abamngqongileyo isangqa abahlobo bokwenene phakathi basebukhosini ezininzi izifundiswa Petersburg. Bonke babo benkululeko, yaye wayefuna ukuqala utshintsho kweli lizwe. Mbusi kwabelwane lo mnqweno. Kwakufuneka abantu abafana Novosiltsev uNikolay Nikolaevich. Ngobomi yalo mntu ithobelana ngokupheleleyo Alexander.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Novosiltsev imfundo yokuqala lijoni eqhelekileyo, waba engqondweni yoluntu enzulu. Aziwa kwaye ethandwa phakathi Petersburg begazi okulungileyo, aneliseke ukuhleleka ebudeni bolawulo Paul I - nguyise ka-Alexander I. kaloku Yibone endala yabhukuqwayo wambulala, kunye nenkqubo yakhe ngendeb yezopolitiko eyasekwa eRashiya, kwaqalisa ixesha ukuba aludilize.

Ilungu leKomiti Private

Kwiminyaka yokuqala wokulawula Alexander Novosiltsev uNikolay Nikolaevich yaba lilungu elikhutheleyo yikomiti imfihlelo - intlanganiso sikweni ye eyiyona uKhesare. Ngowe-1803, le othile olinene wamiselwa umongameli Academy of Sciences. Kule sikhundla wahlala iminyaka esi-7 ayenzileyo lukhulu uphuhliso lwemfundo kunye nophando eRashiya.

Novosiltsev wayesaziwa ngokuba nako ukudibanisa izikhundla ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe ayawa - wathabatha izisombululo ezichanekileyo nolusebenzayo. Ngowe-1804, igosa yaba umncedisi ngumlungiseleli lobulungisa. Yaba ngeli xesha ukuba waziphosa umthetho entsonkothileyo Russian efuna utshintsho. Ezinye imithetho zasekwa ngenkulungwane XVII nobukumkani Alexander ekugqibeleni wawungasasebenzi.

Kuba ukuphunyezwa nguqulelo isekiwe ukuqulunqa Commission imithetho. Kuye elikhokelwa Novosiltsev uNikolay Nikolaevich. Photo umzobo mntu inokufumaneka nayiphi na incwadi amandla zomthetho kwiiyunivesithi.

Uzowenza wenguquko

Ngowe-1805, lo mlawuli ndadana kwikomiti mfihlakalo. Uhlaziyo ocande ezandleni Mihaila Speranskogo. babesakuba ngamalungu eqela wafumana iposi entsha. In Novosiltsev waqalisa Inxusa umsebenzi kunye namazwe. Kule ntsimi kuluncedo namava abo ukuphila amazwe. Kwakhona ngo-1805 wagqiba ngempumelelo umfelandawonye Great Britain, nto leyo ibalulekile Alexander ngexesha ukulungiselela imfazwe kunye uNapoleon.

Ngeli xesha Novosiltsev wenza izabelo ezininzi zokubonisana lonke Western Europe. Kwangaxeshanye, yena wayevela ukuba umsebenzi wakhe njengoko ungumfiki ebekekileyo. ngokwenene Novosiltsev wayefuna ukubuyela kwikomkhulu. Kwathi kamva. Kungekudala waphula War Patriotic ka-1812 ngonyaka. Xa uNapoleon ekugqibeleni woyiswa eRashiya wajoyina iintsalela ePoland. Kukho oko wathumela Novosiltsev.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ebukumkanini buka-Alexander lakomkhulu bade babuyela eSt Petersburg. Kwikomkhulu, waba ilinge lokuqala Charter of the Empire Russian. Enyanisweni, yaba uhlobo kwendlela ye-siseko elizayo, esasisithi phezu amalungelo oluntu. Le projekthi yaye andizange ndiqonde.

Phantsi uNicholas I Novosiltsev waba lilungu leBhunga State. Ngowe-1833, waba Count, kwaye ngo-1838-m, wafa. Le ndoda udumo lwayo njengomnye ligosa efanelekileyo yolawulo ngelo xesha.