Uphuhliso lwentlalo boqhagamshelwano. Yintoni ngokwasentlaweni yabantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo

Elihle kwezentlalo, yinto iinkqubo entsonkothileyo kwezentlalo ngokwasengqondweni ngawo umntu lo nokwenziwa kolwazi, nemimiselo kunye nezithethe bakuchaza njengelungu epheleleyo yoluntu. Le yinkqubo eqhubekayo kunye nemfuneko ubomi ngokupheleleyo ubuntu.

Ngokwasentlaweni yabantwana abakwiminyaka kokuya esikolweni kwi GEF kwinkqubo ukuze

Ngokutsho imigangatho karhulumente yemfundo federal yemfundo yamaziko angaphambi kokuya (GEF), ukufundiswa koluntu kunye nophuhliso ngokunxibelelana ubuntu zabasakhasayo ingqalelo njengommandla yezemfundo single - uphuhliso lwentlalo kunye bakhe boqhagamshelwano. Njengoko umba lubalaseleyo lophuhliso lwentlalo likhuthaza ongqongileyo kwezentlalo.

Le miba ephambili elihle kwezentlalo

inkqubo ngokwasentlaweni luqala yimbonakalo yomntu phezu komhlaba, yaye kude kuye ekupheleni kobomi bakhe.

Oku kuquka izinto ezimbini eziphambili:

• indlela nokwenziwa amava entlalo yomntu ngamnye ngeendleko yokungena yayo kwinkqubo loluntu yonxulumano loluntu;
• ukuzala esebenzayo kwenkqubo ubudlelwane ngokwezentlalo ngamnye kule nkqubo ukubandakanywa kule ongqongileyo kwezentlalo.

isakhiwo elihle kwezentlalo

Ethetha elihle kwezentlalo, sisebenzisana utshintsho ethile amava ekuhlaleni zentsulungeko nezimo zengqondo ingangumsebenzi wesakhono kwisifundo esithile. Ngaphezu koko, lo ngamnye ngokwakhe yinto esebenzayo okuqonda kunye namava isicelo. Awona macandelo aphambili ngokwasentlaweni samkelwe ukuba ukutshintshwa amasiko ngamaziko zentlalo (ngumntu wosapho, esikolweni, njl), kwakunye inkqubo yempembelelo ofanayo abantu ngaphakathi sikhokelo izinto ezidibeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi iinkalo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, ukubeka umsebenzi, unxibelelwano kunye nokuzeyisa ulwazi. Kuba zonke ezi iindawo kukho ulwandiso ubudlelwane babantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.

umsebenzi aspect

Ingcamango AN umsebenzi Leontiev e-psychology yi intsebenziswano esebenzayo yomntu kunye leyinene engqongileyo, apho kwisifundo swi ifuthe into, ngaloo ndlela ukwanelisa iimfuno zabo. Imisebenzi ukwahlula kwi khrayitheriya ezininzi: kwiindlela ukuphunyezwa, imilo, uxinzeleko lweemvakalelo, kunye nezinye iindlela nokomzimba.

Kodwa umahluko ophambili phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo lwemisebenzi umxholo nkcukacha ukuze iqwalaselwe okanye uhlobo lomsebenzi. Ngokuxhomekeka yomsebenzi senze izinto eziphathekayo kunye nemilo epheleleyo. Ngoko ukuze into data nganye imfuneko ecacileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba naluphi na uhlobo omnye msebenzi ayisekho ngaphandle injongo. umsebenzi Unmotivated, ngokwemiqathango AN Leontiev, yingcamango yoxhomekeko. Enyanisweni, imbangela kunjalo kunjalo, ke, mhlawumbi ukuthwala angasebenzi.

Isiseko yonke imisebenzi zenza izenzo ezahlukeneyo (iinkqubo sichazwa injongo abazi).

Ububanzi lonxibelelwano

Umhlaba zonxibelelwano kunye msebenzi ezinento. Kwezinye concepts ngokwasengqondweni zonxibelelwano kubonwa nje umsebenzi icala. Ngelo xesha linye msebenzi kusebenza iimeko inkqubo sokunxibelelana eyenziwa phantsi kwayo. Inkqubo ukwanda unxibelelwano ngamnye kwenzeka ngethuba ukwanda nabafowunelwa bayo nabanye. Ezi abafowunelwa, nazo, ingafakwa inkqubo yokuphunyezwa amanyathelo ngokudibeneyo ezahlukeneyo - oko kukuthi, ngexesha eqhelekileyo yoshishino.

nabo Level kwi elihle kwezentlalo, lo mntu ixhomekeke iimpawu ngabanye-nasengqondweni. indima ebalulekileyo kwakhona edlala nkcukacha ubudala isifundo zonxibelelwano. Ukuqinisekisa intando unxibelelwano oluqhutywa inkqubo decentration (shift ukusuka monologic ukuba dialogic form). Umntu efunda ingqalelo iqabane lakho, kwi-ngqo ngakumbi imbono yakhe kunye novavanyo.

Ububanzi lokuqonda

Ummandla lesithathu elihle kwezentlalo, self-obuchazwe akhiwa ukuyilwa wakhe self-umfanekiso. Kuye kwamiselwa ngokomfuniselo ezivelayo self-imifanekiso umntu ngoko nangoko, kodwa akhiwa kule nekwakuyinto eyayisenzeka ebomini bakhe, phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo. Ubume bale I-ngamnye ibandakanya amacandelo ezintathu eziphambili: self-ulwazi (component kwengqondo), uvavanyo ngokwalo (emotional) sengqondo kuwe (yokuziphatha).

Self-abalazi imisela ukuqonda ubuntu buqu ukuba uhlobo ingqibelelo, ulwazi yesazisi yabo. Uphuhliso ukuzoyikisela ngethuba ukufundiswa koluntu yinkqubo elawulwa, kwenziwa inkqubo yokufumana yamava zentlalo uluhlu ukwandisa zemisebenzi kunye nonxibelelwano. Ngenxa yoko, self-uphuhliso asikwazi ukuthatha indawo ngaphandle umsebenzi osoloko kwenziwe inguqu iinkcazelo, ngamnye kwawo ngokungqinelana kunye nokumelwa asakhulayo emehlweni abanye.

Inkqubo elihle kwezentlalo, oko, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa ubunye omathathu amazinga karhulumente - umsebenzi ezifana nonxibelelwano kunye nokuzeyisa ulwazi.

Iimpawu uphuhliso lwentlalo kunye soqhagamshelwano yobudala uthole

Uphuhliso lweNtlalo kunye ngokunxibelelana abantwana zabasakhasayo yenye izinto ezisisiseko kwinkqubo ubuntu lwedabi lomntwana. Inkqubo yokuxhulumana kunye abadala kunye noontanga kuchaphazela ngqo nje kuphela kwicala loluntu umntwana zabasakhasayo, kodwa kwakhona kwi ukuyilwa kweenkqubo zayo yengqondo (inkumbulo, ukucinga, ulwimi, kunye nabanye.). Izinga zophuhliso kule minyaka kokuya esikolweni kuba umlinganiselo ngqo ukusebenza lohlengahlengiso kwayo okwalandela eluntwini.

Uphuhliso lweNtlalo kunye ngokunxibelelana le GEF kubantwana uthole iquka iinketho ezilandelayo:

• inqanaba lophuhliso engaziva ubandakanyeka kusapho lwabo, ukuhlonipha abanye;
• inqanaba lophuhliso yentsebenziswano yomntwana kunye abadala kunye noontanga;
• inqanaba lokulungela umntwana ukusebenza kunye noontanga babo;
• inqanaba nokwenziwa ngayo izithethe zentlalo kunye nemithetho, kunye nophuhliso yokuziphatha umntwana;
• inqanaba ukunyamezela kunye nokuzithemba;
• inqanaba ukuyilwa sengqondo esihle emsebenzini kunye nobuchule;
• inqanaba ulwazi kwicandelo lezempilo kunye nokhuseleko (ezahlukeneyo iimeko zentlalo kunye nokusingqongileyo);
• inqanaba lophuhliso ngokwasengqondweni (kwinkalo zentlalo nenkcubeko) kunye nophuhliso uvelwano kwisigaba (uvelwano, ububele).

Amanqanaba ubuninzi nophuhliso lwentlalo ngokunxibelelana abantwana zabasakhasayo

Kuxhomekeka iqondo uphuhliso lwezakhono ezichaza uphuhliso lwezentlalo kunye ngokunxibelelana le GEF, ukuze sikwazi ukubona i ephantsi, aphakathi kunye namazinga aphezulu.

kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ngokulandelelana, ithatha indawo kwi iqondo eliphezulu parameters zophuhliso ingqalelo ngasentla. Kulo mzekelo, enye bume kulo mzekelo ngumba yokunqongophala iingxaki entsimini yonxibelelwano lomntwana nabantu abadala kunye noontanga. Indima ephezulu edlalwa uhlobo kobudlelwane kwintsapho uthole. Kwakhona kuba nempembelelo entle omsebenzi kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo-ngokunxibelelana umntwana.

Ngokungqinelana nenqanaba yokumisa uphuhliso lwentlalo ngokunxibelelana, esibonakala ukusilela ukubunjwa izakhono ezinye izalathisi ezikhethiweyo, ivelisa, yena, ubunzima umntwana ukunxibelelana nabanye. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala yophuhliso umntwana abuyise ngenxa yabo, ngoncedo oluncinane kubantu abadala. Ngokubanzi, uhlelo ngokwasentlaweni abahlukene kakhulu.

Kwelinye icala, uphuhliso lwezentlalo kunye ngokunxibelelana abantwana kokuya esikolweni kunye namaqondo asezantsi yokuthetha kwezinye iimeko ekhethiweyo kuvelisa imbambano elininzi entsimini yonxibelelwano yabantwana kunye nentsapho yakhe kunye nabanye. Kulo mzekelo, i enkulisa lingenako ukuhlangabezana nale ngxaki wedwa - zifuna uncedo abadala, kuquka zengqondo noonontlalontle.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ngokwasentlaweni yabantwana abakwiminyaka zabasakhasayo ifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo esweni ngamaxesha ngabazali bobabini bomntwana, kwaye iziko lemfundo.

ulwazi lweNtlalo kunye zonxibelelwano komntwana

uphuhliso lwentlalo ngokunxibelelana epriskuli ijolise ekuphuhliseni ubuchule kwezentlalo zonxibelelwano abantwana. Xa zizonke, kukho nezakhono ezintathu ezingundoqo ukuba kufuneka lubekhona umntwana ngaphakathi kwiziko: nobuchwepheshe, ulwazi, intlalo kunye bakhe boqhagamshelwano.

Kwelinye icala, ubuchule yezentlalo ngokunxibelelana ibandakanya iinkalo ezimbini:

1. Social - umlinganiselo neminqweno yakhe kunye neminqweno zabanye; intsebenziswano elinemveliso amalungu eqela ababelana injongo efanayo.
2. Unxibelelwano - ukukwazi ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwinkqubo dialogue; ukuzimisela ukuba niyinikele ubambane ingongoma zabo iimbono ngentlonelo ngqo ukuma abanye; ukukwazi ukusebenzisa le resource kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano ukulungiselela isisombululo kwiingxaki ezithile.

Inkqubo esebenzisa iimodyuli kukwenziwa izakhono zentlalo zonxibelelwano

Uphuhliso lweNtlalo kunye ngokunxibelelana ngaphakathi kwiziko lemfundo kubonakala kufanelekile ukuba balandele ngokungqinelana modyuli zilandelayo: zonyango, imodyuli PMPC (psychological thethwano unyango kunye zokufundisa,) kunye uxilongo, ngokwasengqondweni, yokufundisa, ezentlalo kunye zokufundisa. Umsebenzi wokuqala iqukiwe kwicandelo lezonyango, ngoko, xa lithathelwe ngempumelelo abantwana mnqongo PMPC. Ezinye iimodyuli ziqhutywa ngaxeshanye yaye siqhubeke ukusebenza ngaxeshanye kunye neyunithi zonyango kunye PMPC, kude nokukhululwa abantwana epriskuli.

Ngalinye iimodyuli ithetha ubuchule ethile, esebenza ngokucacileyo ngokuhambelana neenjongo bekujongwe ukuba umnqongo. Inkqubo intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo ikhutshwa phandle kwimodyuli yolawulo eququzelela imisebenzi onke amasebe. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso lwezentlalo kunye ngokunxibelelana abantwana uye inkxaso kuwo onke amanqanaba eziyimfuneko - ngokwasemzimbeni, engqondweni kunye nezentlalo.

Ukwahlula abantwana epriskuli ngaphakathi umnqongo PMPC

Njengenxenye thethwano engqondweni, unyango kunye zokufundisa, nto leyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuquka zonke izifundo ze inqubo yokufunda kokuya esikolweni (. Ootitshala, bengqondo, abaphathi umongikazi abaphezulu, kunye nabanye), Uyacetyiswa ukuba umahluko phakathi kwabantwana kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• abantwana nempilo enkenenkene ngokomzimba;
• abantwana ngoweqela Lendlela Yeqela womngcipheko wePhondo (nomdlandla, silwe, ivaliwe, kunye nabanye.);
• abantwana abanobunzima ekufundeni;
• abantwana ngezakhono ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ethile;
• abantwana abangenayo iimpawu kophuhliso.

Omnye wemingeni ukusebenza ngamnye amaqela typological olukhetiweyo ukuphuhlisa izakhono zoluntu kunye zonxibelelwano njengenye ndidi ibalulekileyo, nto leyo exhasa intsimi lemfundo.

Uphuhliso lweNtlalo kunye ngokunxibelelana - iimpawu ezinamandla. Injongo yalo yokubonisana kukuba ukugcina umkhondo neentshukumo ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso evumelanayo. Le kokuxoxisana kufuneka olwenziwe onke amaqela epriskuli, kuquka umxholo kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo-boqhagamshelwano. Iqela phakathi, umzekelo, ngexesha lwenkqubo iqukiwe indlela yonxulumano loluntu ngokusebenzisa misebenzi ilandelayo:

• uphuhliso imisebenzi yemali ;
• yenze imithetho esisiseko kunye nemimiselo ubudlelwane umntwana abadala kunye noontanga;
• ukuyilwa iimvakalelo izwe komntwana kunye nosapho kunye nobuzwe.

Ukuze usebenzise le misebenzi epriskuli kufuneka kubakho iiseshoni ezizodwa kuphuhliso lwentlalo boqhagamshelwano. Ngethuba kwezi seshoni inguqu ukuzalana umntwana kwabanye, kwakunye nokukwazi yokuzithiba.